Longitudinal Study of Preschool Sleep Disturbance: The Predictive Role of Maladaptive Parental Behaviors, Early Sleep Problems, and Child/Mother Psychological Factors
Abstract
Objective To determine if maladaptive parental behaviors (at age 29-41 months) and mother/child psychological characteristics predict future sleep disturbances in 50-month-old to 6-year-old preschoolers, while controlling for early (age 5-17 months) sleep and sociodemographic factors. Design Randomized survey; children assessed annually from 5 months to 6 years of age. Setting Participants' homes. Participants Representative sample of 987 children born in the province of Quebec, Canada, in 1997-1998. Main outcome measures Questionnaires and interview, including responses from 7 points for 3 key dependent measures: bad dreams (BD), total sleep time (TST) less than 10 hours/night, and sleep-onset latency (SOL) of 15 minutes or more. Results Early (age 5-17 months) sleep disturbances predicted maladaptive parental behaviors (eg, mother present at sleep onset, giving food/drink after child awakens) at ages 29 and 41 months. Some parental behaviors in turn predicted future BD, TST less than 10 hours/night, and SOL of 15 minutes or more. However, most relationships did not remain significant in adjusted models that controlled for early sleep problems. Bad dreams were predicted by psychological variables (child's anxiety, mother's feeling of efficacy), as was TST (child's difficult temperament and anxiety, mother's depressive symptoms). However, SOL of 15 minutes or more was predicted by several parental behaviors even in adjusted models; cosleeping after awakenings was a risk facto…
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There is no agreement about dream content qualitative features and dream recall rates in the life span among age groups.
“Nonetheless dream content and dream recall studies have been made both on healthy cohort and pathological samples at any age, there is no agreement about dream content qualitative features and dream recall rates in the life span among age groups.5,67–69,72”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [67]
The most used method in children's dream research is the exclusive collection of dream reports.
“Consequently, the most used method in children’s dream research is the exclusive collection of dream reports.5,67–69”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [67]
Empirical studies have shown increased dream recall rates in pathological conditions such as recurrent nightmares, post-traumatic stress disorder, and severe trauma compared to healthy cohorts.
“From studies about dream recall in pathological conditions, such as recurrent nightmares, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and severe trauma, empirical studies have shown an increased dream recall rates compared to healthy cohort, though no univocal explanation about the underlying mechanisms is available so far.40,66–70”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [67]
The modification of memory performance across early childhood parallels the improvement of dream recall rates in children.
“The modification of memory performance across early childhood, due in the firsts ages to the so-called infantile amnesia72–74 and subsequently to the development of cognitive functions,67 parallel the improvement of dream recall rates in children.”
From Spotlight on dream recall: the ages of dreams (2018) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Simard, V., Nielsen, T. A., Tremblay, R. E., Boivin, M., & Montplaisir, J. Y.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-04-01
- Volume
- 162
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 360
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131206566
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- co-sleeping, sleep latency, total sleep time, nightmares, childhood anxiety, maternal depressive symptoms, maternal self-efficacy, child temperament, self-regulation, longitudinal development
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Quebec, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep Wake Disorders, Logistic Models
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