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Cited by 502Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Parental Psychopathology, Parenting Styles, and the Risk of Social Phobia in Offspring: A Prospective-Longitudinal Community Study

Lieb, Roselind, Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Höfler, Michael, Fuetsch, Martina, Stein, Murray B., Merikangas, Kathleen R.·2000·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.57.9.859
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: This article examines the associations between DSM-IV social phobia and parental psychopathology, parenting style, and characteristics of family functioning in a representative community sample of adolescents. METHODS: Findings are based on baseline and first follow-up data of 1047 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years at baseline (response rate, 74.3%), and independent diagnostic interviews with one of their parents. Diagnostic assessments in parents and adolescents were based on the DSM-IV algorithms of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Parenting style (rejection, emotional warmth, and overprotection) was assessed by the Questionnaire of Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior, and family functioning (problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behavioral control) was assessed by the McMaster Family Assessment Device. RESULTS: There was a strong association between parental social phobia and social phobia among offspring (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-13.5). Other forms of parental psychopathology also were associated with social phobia in adolescents (depression: OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.4-9.1; any anxiety disorder other than social phobia: OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.4-8.8; and any alcohol use disorder: OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.8). Parenting style, specifically parental overprotection (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9) and rejection (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9), was found to be associated with social phobia in respondents. Family functioning was not associated with respondents' social phobia. CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that parental psychopathology, particularly social phobia and depression, and perceived parenting style (overprotection and rejection) are both associated with the development of social phobia in youth.

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Metadata

Authors
Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.-U., Höfler, M., Fuetsch, M., Stein, M. B., & Merikangas, K. R.
Affiliations
  • Max Planck Society (DE)
  • Yale University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2000-09-01
Volume
57
Issue
9
Pages
859
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.57.9.859
OpenAlex
W2008713917
Cited by
501
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 30
FWCI
12.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Keywords
social anxiety disorder, parental psychopathology, parenting styles, overprotection, parental rejection, family functioning, adolescent depression, anxiety disorders, alcoholism, offspring risk
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Family Relations, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Phobic Disorders, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Child of Impaired Parents, Parenting, Age of Onset

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