The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain Infarction and the Clinical Expression of Alzheimer Disease<subtitle>The Nun Study</subtitle>
Abstract
Objective. —To determine the relationship of brain infarction to the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease (AD). Design. —Cognitive function and the prevalence of dementia were determined for participants in the Nun Study who later died. At autopsy, lacunar and larger brain infarcts were identified, and senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the neocortex were quantitated. Participants with abundant senile plaques and some neurofibrillary tangles in the neocortex were classified as having met the neuropathologic criteria for AD. Setting. —Convents in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southern United States. Participants. —A total of 102 college-educated women aged 76 to 100 years. Main Outcome Measures. —Cognitive function assessed by standard tests and dementia and AD assessed by clinical and neuropathologic criteria. Results. —Among 61 participants who met the neuropathologic criteria for AD, those with brain infarcts had poorer cognitive function and a higher prevalence of dementia than those without infarcts. Participants with lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia, thalamus, or deep white matter had an especially high prevalence of dementia, compared with those without infarcts (the odds ratio [OR] for dementia was 20.7,95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.5-288.0). Fewer neuropathologic lesions of AD appeared to result in dementia in those with lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia, thalamus, or deep white matter than in those without infarcts. In contrast, among 41 participants who did not meet the neuropathologic criteria for AD, brain infarcts were only weakly associated with poor cognitive function and dementia. Among all 102 participants, atherosclerosis of the circle of Willis was strongly associated with lacunar and large brain infarcts. Conclusion. —These findings suggest that cerebrovascular disease may play an important role in determining the presence and severity of the clinical symptoms of AD.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Population-autopsy series verified the high frequency and pathogenetic importance of combined Alzheimer disease and vascular disease in the expression of dementia as mentioned previously.”
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, vascular lesions can lower the threshold for the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer disease.”
In the citing paper
“Several studies have found that in patients with Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular disease, less Alzheimer disease pathology is needed to express the dementia syndrome.”
In the citing paper
“typically are accompanied by Alzheimer disease and other pathologies.”
In the citing paper
“Infarcts frequently coexist with Alzheimer disease pathology in the brains of older people.”
In the citing paper
“One study showed that only people with Alzheimer disease pathology with subcortical infarcts had dementia, raising the possibility of an interaction (a multiplicative effect) between the 2 pathologies.”
In the citing paper
“It is now accepted that many of the traditional risk factors for stroke are also risk markers for Alzheimer disease and VCI.16,31,340,484–491”
In the citing paper
“Lacunes are frequently seen on imaging in elderly patients with no symptoms”
From Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“are associated with an increased risk of stroke, gait impairment, and dementia.”
From Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration (2013) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Cerebrovascular effects of APOE4 are associated with AD, stroke, and brain hemorrhage (314, 506, 549, 614, 693).”
From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [549]
In the citing paper
“Classical anatomic locations for strategic infarcts include the thalamus, angular gyrus, and basal ganglia, including the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus. 52-57”
From Vascular Cognitive Impairment (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“A single small infarct may cause severe cognitive deficits when located in a strategic brain region.”
From Vascular Cognitive Impairment (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“However, vascular brain lesions lower the threshold of AD pathology required to induce dementia. 56,100-102”
From Vascular Cognitive Impairment (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“Earlier studies have suggested a multiplicative effect between vascular and AD-type pathology on cognitive decline, 56 whereas recent studies indicate that the effects are additive. 49,100,105”
From Vascular Cognitive Impairment (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“many older individuals with dementia suffer from a combination of vascular and Alzheimer-type pathology with an additive effect on cognition,19”
From Diagnostic Criteria for Vascular Cognitive Disorders: A VASCOG Statement (2014) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“On the other hand, in older individuals with moderate AD pathology subcortical vascular lesions are a major determinant of the expression of the dementia (Esiri et al., 1999; Schneider et al., 2007b; Snowdon et al., 1997).”
From The Pathobiology of Vascular Dementia (2013) · cites this paper as Snowdon et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“it seems reasonable to postulate that insulin resistance and T2D could increase AD risk through cerebrovascular disease, a factor increasingly accepted to be important in AD manifestation [5, 19-21].”
From Metformin in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,644
Vascular Risk and β ‐Amyloid Are Synergistically Associated with Cortical Tau
Rabin, J. S., Yang, H., Schultz, A. P., Hanseeuw, B. J., Hedden, T., Viswanathan, A., Gatchel, J. R., Marshall, G. A., Kilpatrick, E. P., Klein, H., et al. (2018) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25399 · Cited by 110
Nichols, E., Merrick, R., Hay, S. I., Himali, D., Himali, J. J., Hunter, S., Keage, H. A. D., Latimer, C. S., Scott, M. R., Steinmetz, J. D., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00019-3 · Cited by 108
Alosco, M. L., Stein, T. D., Tripodis, Y., Chua, A. S., Kowall, N. W., Huber, B. R., Goldstein, L. E., Cantu, R. C., Katz, D. I., Palmisano, J. N., et al. (2019) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2244 · Cited by 110
Lowerison, M. R., Sekaran, N. V. C., Zhang, W., Dong, Z., Chen, X., Llano, D. A., & Song, P. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04712-8 · Cited by 106
Brain pathologies in extreme old age
Neltner, J. H., Abner, E. L., Jicha, G. A., Schmitt, F. A., Patel, E., Poon, L. W., Marla, G., Green, R. C., Davey, A., Johnson, M. A., et al. (2015) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.009 · Cited by 106
Longitudinal follow‐up of depressive symptoms among normal versus cognitively impaired elderly
Li, Y., Meyer, J. S., & Thornby, J. A. (2001) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.423 · Cited by 106
Stroke-related dementia: Rates, risk factors and implications for future research
Pendlebury, S. T. (2009) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.09.010 · Cited by 98
Zhao, Y., Xin, Y., Meng, S., He, Z., & Hu, W. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.014 · Cited by 105
Neuropathologic Correlates of Late-Onset Major Depression
Sweet, R. A., Hamilton, R. L., Butters, M. A., Mulsant, B. H., Pollock, B. G., Lewis, D. A., López, O. L., DeKosky, S. T., & Reynolds, C. F. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300554 · Cited by 105
Generalized atherosclerosis, cognitive decline, and depressive symptoms in old age
Vinkers, D. J., Stek, M. L., van der Mast, R. C., de Craen, A. J. M., le Cessie, S., Jolles, J., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Gussekloo, J. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000167544.54228.95 · Cited by 105
Cerebral microbleeds and cognition in cerebrovascular disease: An update
Charidimou, A., & Werring, D. J. (2012) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.052 · Cited by 106
Vascular and metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: a review
Murray, I. V. J., Proza, J. F., Sohrabji, F., & Lawler, J. M. (2011) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1258/ebm.2011.010355 · Cited by 104
24-Month effect of smoking cessation on cognitive function and brain structure in later life
Almeida, O. P., Garrido, G. J., Alfonso, H. S., Hulse, G. K., Lautenschlager, N. T., Hankey, G. J., & Flicker, L. A. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.01.063 · Cited by 107
Comparison of neuropathologic criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Geddes, J. W., Tekirian, T. L., Soultanian, N. S., Ashford, J. W., Davis, D. G., & Markesbery, W. R. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00063-8 · Cited by 101
Review of ‘the Potential Role of Arterial Stiffness in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease’
Hughes, T. M., Craft, S., & López, O. L. (2015) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.14.53 · Cited by 105
Ahn, H. J., Glickman, J. F., Poon, K., Zamolodchikov, D., Jno-Charles, O. C., Norris, E. H., & Strickland, S. (2014) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20131751 · Cited by 103
Johansson, L., Guo, X., Hällström, T., Norton, M. C., Waern, M., Östling, S., Bengtsson, C., & Skoog, I. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003142 · Cited by 101
Zhang, B., Dong, Y., Zhang, G., Moir, R. D., Xia, W., Yue, Y., Tian, M., Culley, D. J., Crosby, G. J., Tanzi, R. E., et al. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800199200 · Cited by 101
HIV Infection and Dementia in Older Adults
High, K. P., Valcour, V., & Paul, R. H. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/503565 · Cited by 101
Primary prevention of stroke: blood pressure, lipids, and heart failure
Endres, M., Heuschmann, P. U., Laufs, U., & Hakim, A. M. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq472 · Cited by 107
Hill, M. D. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00012-6 · Cited by 108
Park, M., & Moon, W. (2016) · Korean Journal of Radiology · doi:10.3348/kjr.2016.17.6.827 · Cited by 104
Cerebral small vessel disease and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review
Liu, Y., Braidy, N., Poljak, A., Chan, D. K. Y., & Sachdev, P. S. (2018) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.06.002 · Cited by 107
Protective Effects of Exercise on Cognition and Brain Health in Older Adults
Tyndall, A. V., Clark, C. M., Anderson, T. J., Hogan, D. B., Hill, M. D., Longman, R. S., & Poulin, M. J. (2018) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000161 · Cited by 109
Links Between the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia
Sadowski, M., Pankiewicz, J. E., Scholtzova, H., Li, Y., Quartermain, D., Duff, K., & Wısnıewskı, T. (2004) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1023/b:nere.0000023612.66691.e6 · Cited by 100
Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke, and Cognition
Rastas, S., Verkkoniemi, A., Polvikoski, T. M., Juva, K., Niinistö, L., Mattila, K. J., Länsimies, E., Pirttilä, T., & Sulkava, R. O. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.106.477299 · Cited by 100
Amyloid PET in clinical practice: Its place in the multidimensional space of Alzheimer's disease
Vandenberghe, R., Adamczuk, K., Dupont, P., Laere, K. V., & Chételat, G. (2013) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.03.014 · Cited by 99
“, 2012) or interactively (Snowdon et al., 1997) with Alzheimer pathology.”
BackgroundPluta, R. M., Jabłoński, M., Ułamek-Kozioł, M., Kocki, J., Brzozowska, J., Januszewski, S., Furmaga-Jabłońska, W., Bogucka‐Kocka, A., Maciejewski, R., & Czuczwar, S. J. (2013) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8439-1 · Cited by 100
Association of orthostatic hypotension with incident dementia, stroke, and cognitive decline
Rawlings, A. M., Juraschek, S. P., HEISS, G. M., Hughes, T. M., Meyer, M. L., Selvin, E., Sharrett, A. R., Windham, B. G., & Gottesman, R. F. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006027 · Cited by 104
Regional White Matter Integrity Differentiates Between Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Zarei, M., Damoiseaux, J. S., Morgese, C., Beckmann, C. F., Smith, S. M., Matthews, P. M., Scheltens, P., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & Barkhof, F. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.108.530832 · Cited by 99
Cognitive Impairment in Age-related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy
Woo, S. J., Park, K. H., Ahn, J., Choe, J. Y., Jeong, H., Han, J. W., Kim, T. H., & Kim, K. W. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.04.026 · Cited by 104
Polymorphisms in the PON gene cluster are associated with Alzheimer disease
Erlich, P. M., Lunetta, K. L., Cupples, L. A., Huyck, M., Green, R. C., Baldwin, C. T., & Farrer, L. A. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi428 · Cited by 101
Pathoconnectomics of cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: A systematic review
Dey, A., Stamenova, V., Turner, G. R., Black, S. E., & Levine, B. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.007 · Cited by 99
Giannakopoulos, P., Gold, G., Kövari, E., von Gunten, A., Imhof, A., Bouras, C., & Hof, P. R. (2006) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-006-0144-y · Cited by 96
Dementia in Patients Hospitalized with Stroke: Rates, Time Course, and Clinico-Pathologic Factors
Pendlebury, S. T. (2012) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00837.x · Cited by 102
Regulation of β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 gene expression and its role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Sun, X., Bromley‐Brits, K., & Song, W. (2011) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07515.x · Cited by 97
Antihypertensive treatment can prevent stroke and cognitive decline
Sörös, P., Whitehead, S. N., Spence, J. D., & Hachinski, V. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.255 · Cited by 99
Effects of hormone therapy on brain morphology of healthy postmenopausal women
Boccardi, M., Ghidoni, R., Govoni, S. M., Testa, C., Benussi, L., Bonetti, M., Binetti, G. G., & Frisoni, G. B. (2006) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000196811.88505.10 · Cited by 97
The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer disease
Jellinger, K. A. (1998) · Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6467-9_9 · Cited by 97
Natural history of Alzheimer’s disease
Honig, L. S., & Mayeux, R. P. (2001) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03351476 · Cited by 98
Cortical thinning related to periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities
Seo, S. W., Lee, J.-M., Im, K., Park, J.-S., Kim, S.-H., Kim, S. T., Ahn, H.-J., Chin, J., Cheong, H.-K., Weiner, M. W., et al. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.12.003 · Cited by 95
Neuroplasticity in Alzheimer's disease
Teter, B., & Ashford, J. W. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10441 · Cited by 170
Assessment of low-flow CSF drainage as a treatment for AD
Silverberg, G. D., Levinthal, E. C., Sullivan, E. V., Bloch, D. A., Chang, S. D., Leverenz, J. B., Flitman, S. S., Winn, R., Marciano, F. F., Saul, T., et al. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000031794.42077.a1 · Cited by 95
Targets for the Prevention of Dementia
Middleton, L. E., & Yaffe, K. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091657 · Cited by 94
The brain lipidomes of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia and mixed dementia
Lam, S. M., Wang, Y., Duan, X., Wenk, M. R., Kalaria, R. N., Chen, C., Lai, M. K. P., & Shui, G. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.025 · Cited by 95
The Consortium to Investigate Vascular Impairment of Cognition: Methods and First Findings
Rockwood, K. J., Davis, H., MacKnight, C., Vandorpe, R. A., Gauthier, S. G., Guzmán, A. E., Montgomery, P. R., Black, S. E., Hogan, D. B., KERTESZ, A. E., et al. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100002663 · Cited by 94
Effect of a clinical stroke on the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort
Gamaldo, A. A., Moghekar, A., Kilada, S., Resnick, S. M., Zonderman, A. B., & O’Brien, R. (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000240285.89067.3f · Cited by 94
Prevention of common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly
Fratiglioni, L., & Qiu, C. (2008) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2008.06.006 · Cited by 94
Current Challenges for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: Brain Imaging and CSF Studies
Mistur, R. L., Mosconi, L., Santi, S. D., Guzman, M., Li, Y., Tsui, W., & de Leon, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2009.5.4.153 · Cited by 101
Staffaroni, A., Elahi, F., McDermott, D., Marton, K., Karageorgiou, E., Sacco, S., Paoletti, M., Caverzasi, E., Hess, C., Rosen, H., et al. (2017) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608808 · Cited by 91
Vascular risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease
O'Brien, J. T., & Markus, H. S. (2014) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0218-y · Cited by 99
Differential impact of lacunes and microvascular lesions on poststroke depression
Santos, M., Gold, G., Kövari, E., Herrmann, F. R., Bozikas, V. P., Bouras, C., & Giannakopoulos, P. (2009) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.548545 · Cited by 91
Type 2 diabetes, related conditions, in relation and dementia: An opportunity for prevention?
Luchsinger, J. A. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091687 · Cited by 91
Sakurai, H., Hanyu, H., Sato, T., Kume, K., Hirao, K., Kanetaka, H., & Iwamoto, T. (2012) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00866.x · Cited by 91
Delayed recall, hippocampal volume and Alzheimer neuropathology
Mortimer, J. A., Gosche, K. M., Riley, K. P., Markesbery, W. R., & Snowdon, D. A. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000106463.66966.65 · Cited by 92
Self-citationBlum, S., Luchsinger, J. A., Manly, J. J., Schupf, N., Stern, Y., Brown, T. R., DeCarli, C. S., Small, S. A., Mayeux, R. P., & Brickman, A. M. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823ed0cc · Cited by 95
Cerebrovascular disease and dementia
Knopman, D. S. (2007) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr/75681080 · Cited by 92
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Risk Factors in the Elderly Population
Claus, J. J., Breteler, M. M. B., Hasan, D., Krenning, E. P., Bots, M. L., Grobbee, D. E., Swieten, J. C. V., van Harskamp, F., & Albert Hofman, D. (1998) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00004-9 · Cited by 91
Statins for the treatment of dementia
McGuinness, B., O’Hare, J., Craig, D., Bullock, R. A., Malouf, R. S., & Passmore, P. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007514.pub2 · Cited by 93
Li, X.-Y., Zhang, M., Xu, W., Li, J., Cao, X., Yu, J., & Tan, L. (2020) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205017666200103111253 · Cited by 92
Fu, C., Chute, D. J., Farag, E. S., Garakian, J., Cummings, J. L., & Vinters, H. V. (2004) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/2004-128-32-cid · Cited by 90
Diabetes is associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease
Sanz, C., Andrieu, S., Sinclair, A. J., Hanaire, H. P., & Vellas, B. J. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bd80e9 · Cited by 90
Extra-virgin olive oil for potential prevention of Alzheimer disease
Román, G. C., Jackson, R. E., Reis, J. J., Roman, A., Toledo, J. B., & Toledo, E. (2019) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2019.07.017 · Cited by 95
A Review of Medical Conditions and Behavioral Problems in Dogs and Cats
Camps, T., Amat, M., & Manteca, X. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9121133 · Cited by 92
Co-morbidity associated with dementia
Sanderson, M., Wang, J., Davis, D. R., Lane, M. J., Cornman, C. B., & Fadden, M. K. (2002) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/153331750201700210 · Cited by 89
Healthy ageing in the Nun Study: definition and neuropathologic correlates
Tyas, S. L., Snowdon, D. A., Desrosiers, M. F., Riley, K. P., & Markesbery, W. R. (2007) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afm120 · Cited by 91
Self-citationConceptualization of mild cognitive impairment: a review
Davis, H. S., & Rockwood, K. J. (2004) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1049 · Cited by 94
Levit, A., Hachinski, V., & Whitehead, S. N. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00164-6 · Cited by 96
The pathobiology of neurovascular aging
Santisteban, M. M., & Iadecola, C. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.12.014 · Cited by 102
Small Vessel Disease and Subcortical Vascular Dementia
Kalaria, R. N., & Erkinjuntti, T. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2006.2.1.1 · Cited by 90
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, DENTAL AMALGAM AND MERCURY
Saxe, S. R., WEKSTEIN, M. W., Kryscio, R. J., Henry, R. G., Cornett, C., Snowdon, D. A., Grant, F. T., Schmitt, F. A., DONEGAN, S. J., Wekstein, D. R., et al. (1999) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0168 · Cited by 89
Self-citationErkinjuntti, T., & Rockwood, K. J. (2001) · Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8301.2001.tb00070.x · Cited by 87
The Calpain Hypothesis of Neurodegeneration: Evidence for a Common Cytotoxic Pathway
Bartus, R. T. (1997) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/107385849700300513 · Cited by 88
Lacunar infarcts: no black holes in the brain are benign
Norrving, B. (2008) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.153601 · Cited by 87
Brain injury-induced dysfunction of the blood brain barrier as a risk for dementia
Abrahamson, E. E., & Ikonomović, M. D. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113257 · Cited by 91
Postmortem Examination of Vascular Lesions in Cognitive Impairment
Pantoni, L., Sarti, C., Alafuzoff, I. I., Jellinger, K. A., Muñoz, D. G., Ogata, J., & Palumbo, V. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000206445.97511.ae · Cited by 87
Apolipoprotein E, a Gene with Complex Biological Interactions in the Aging Brain
Roses, A. D. (1997) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.1997.0161 · Cited by 86
Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease
Hildreth, K. L., Van Pelt, R. E., & Schwartz, R. S. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2012.19 · Cited by 86
Choi, B., Lee, S. R., Han, J., Woo, S., Kim, K. M., Choi, D., Kwon, K. J., Han, S., Shin, C. Y., Lee, J., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.620179 · Cited by 87
Blair, G. W., Doubal, F., Thrippleton, M. J., Marshall, I., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16631756 · Cited by 86
Behl, P., Bocti, C., Swartz, R. H., Gao, F., Sahlas, D. J., Lanctot, K. L., Streiner, D. L., & Black, S. E. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.2.266 · Cited by 84
The early contribution of cerebrovascular factors to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Pimentel‐Coelho, P. M., & Rivest, S. (2012) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08126.x · Cited by 87
Levine, D. A., Davydow, D. S., Hough, C. L., Langa, K. M., Rogers, M. A. M., & Iwashyna, T. J. (2014) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/hcq.0000000000000008 · Cited by 90
Whitehead, S. N., Cheng, G., Hachinski, V., & Cechetto, D. F. (2007) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.107.492660 · Cited by 84
A Review of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Vascular Cognitive Decline
Dempsey, R. J., Vemuganti, R., Varghese, T., & Hermann, B. P. (2010) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000371730.11404.36 · Cited by 85
Dimache, A.-M., Șalaru, D. L., Sascău, R. A., & Stătescu, C. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13062118 · Cited by 87
Grisaru, D., Deutsch, V. R., Shapira, M., Pick, M., Sternfeld, M., Melamed‐Book, N., Kaufer, D., Galyam, N., Gait, M. J., Owen, D. J., et al. (2001) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03401943 · Cited by 83
Vascular predictors of cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Viticchi, G., Falsetti, L., Vernieri, F., Altamura, C., Bartolini, M., Luzzi, S., Provinciali, L., & Silvestrini, M. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.027 · Cited by 87
Defining dementia: clinical criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia
Román, G. C. (2002) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.106.s178.2.x · Cited by 82
Khan, M. B., Hafez, S. S., Hoda, M. N., Baban, B., Wagner, J. D., Awad, M. E., Sangabathula, H., Haigh, S. B., Elsalanty, M. E., Waller, J. L., et al. (2017) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-017-0555-1 · Cited by 85
Combined effects of APOE genotype, blood pressure, and antihypertensive drug use on incident AD
Qiu, C., Winblad, B. G., Fastbom, J., & Fratiglioni, L. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.61.5.655 · Cited by 83
Immediate causes of death of demented and non-demented elderly
Kammoun, S., Gold, G., Bouras, C., Giannakopoulos, P., McGee, W., Herrmann, F. R., & Michel, J.-P. (2000) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0404.2000.00314.x · Cited by 83
Apolipoprotein E Phenotypes, Dementia and Mortality in a Prospective Population Sample
Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E., & Juva, K. (1998) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb03805.x · Cited by 83
Park, J., Seo, S. W., Kim, C., Kim, S. H., Kim, G. H., Kim, S. T., Jeon, S., Lee, J. M., Oh, S. J., Kim, J. S., et al. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.026 · Cited by 83
Diagnosis and management of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia
Erkinjuntti, T. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6137-1_6 · Cited by 83
The neurobiology of neuropsychiatric syndromes in dementia
Meeks, T. W., Ropacki, S., & Jeste, D. V. (2006) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000245746.45384.0e · Cited by 83
Microvessels from Alzheimer's Disease Brains Kill Neurons in Vitro
Grammas, P., Moore, P., & Weigel, P. H. (1999) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65280-7 · Cited by 83
Leisure Activities and Risk of Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults
Verghese, J., Wang, C., Katz, M. J., Sanders, A. E., & Lipton, R. B. (2009) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988709332938 · Cited by 81
Circulating beta amyloid protein is elevated in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Lee, P. H., Bang, O. Y., Hwang, E. M., Lee, J. S., Joo, U. S., Mook‐Jung, I., & Huh, K. H. (2005) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-004-0274-0 · Cited by 82
Hypertension and Hypercholesterolaemia as Risk Factors for Alzheimer??s Disease
Kivipelto, M., Laakso, M. P., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A. M., & Soininen, H. S. (2002) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200216070-00001 · Cited by 82
Metadata
- Authors
- Snowdon, D. A.
- Corresponding author
- Snowdon, David A.
- ORCID
- Snowdon, David A.
- Venue
- JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1997-03-12
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 813
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4296588155
- Cited by
- 1,590
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 74
- FWCI
- 34.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG009862, P50AG005144, KO4AG00553)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction, dementia, cognitive function, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, circle of Willis, thalamic infarction, basal ganglia infarcts, older women, neuropathology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
