Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, March–April 2020.
Open accessAbstract
This study uses data from the National Center for Health Statistics to estimate excess deaths (ie, the difference between observed and expected deaths) in the US and the District of Columbia in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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In a recent study, states with large numbers of COVID-19-associated deaths also experienced large proportional increases in deaths from other underlying causes, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
“In a recent study, states with large numbers of COVID-19–associated deaths also experienced large proportional increases in deaths from other underlying causes, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease (7).”
From Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19–related concerns—United States, June 2020. (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
Non-COVID-19 deaths increased in Spring 2020 at the height of the first wave in part due to avoidance of the healthcare system.
“non-COVID-19 deaths increased in Spring 2020 at the height of the first wave in part due to avoidance of the healthcare system”
From Direct and indirect mortality impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, March 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022 (2023) · cites this paper as Woolf et al., 2020
A pandemic of the magnitude of COVID-19 has secondary effects on unrelated health conditions.
“A pandemic of the magnitude of COVID-19 has secondary effects on unrelated health conditions”
From Direct and indirect mortality impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, March 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022 (2023) · cites this paper as Woolf et al., 2020
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Weinberger, D. M., Chen, J., Cohen, T., Crawford, F. W., Mostashari, F., Olson, D., Pitzer, V. E., Reich, N. G., Russi, M., Simonsen, L., et al. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3391 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
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Delay or avoidance of medical care because of COVID-19–related concerns—United States, June 2020.
Czeisler, M. É., Marynak, K., Clarke, K. E. N., Salah, Z., Shakya, I., Thierry, J. M., Ali, N., McMillan, H., Wiley, J. F., Weaver, M. D., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6936a4 · Cited by 1,516 · see citing works
“In a recent study, states with large numbers of COVID-19–associated deaths also experienced large proportional increases in deaths from other underlying causes, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease (7).”
BackgroundChmielewska, B., Barratt, I., Townsend, R., Kalafat, E., van der Meulen, J., Gurol-Urganci, I., O'Brien, P., Morris, E., Draycott, T., Thangaratinam, S., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00079-6 · Cited by 1,092 · see citing works
Karlinsky, A., & Kobak, D. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.69336 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Weinberger, D. M., Chen, J., Cohen, T., Crawford, F. W., Mostashari, F., Olson, D., Pitzer, V. E., Reich, N. G., Russi, M., Simonsen, L., et al. (2020) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3391 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citationIslam, N., Shkolnikov, V. M., Acosta, R. J., Klimkin, I., Kawachi, I., Irizarry, R. A., Alicandro, G., Khunti, K., Yates, T., Jdanov, D. A., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1137 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Chen, Y.-H., Glymour, M., Riley, A., Balmes, J., Duchowny, K., Harrison, R., Matthay, E., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252454 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Kremsner, P. G., Ahuad Guerrero, R. A., Arana-Arri, E., Aroca Martinez, G. J., Bonten, M., Chandler, R., Corral, G., De Block, E. J. L., Ecker, L., Gabor, J. J., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00677-0 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Faust, J. S., Krumholz, H. M., Du, C., Mayes, K. D., Lin, Z., Gilman, C., & Walensky, R. P. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.24243 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Trends in US Ambulatory Care Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2019-2021
Mafi, J. N., Craff, M., Vangala, S., Pu, T., Skinner, D., Tabatabai-Yazdi, C., Nelson, A., Reid, R., Agniel, D., Tseng, C.-H., et al. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.24294 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Every Body Counts: Measuring Mortality From the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kiang, M. V., Irizarry, R. A., Buckee, C. O., & Balsari, S. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-3100 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in pregnancy: risks, benefits, and recommendations
Stafford, I. A., Parchem, J. G., & Sibai, B. M. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.01.022 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lee, W.-E., Woo Park, S., Weinberger, D. M., Olson, D., Simonsen, L., Grenfell, B. T., & Viboud, C. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.77562 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationMacchi, Z. A., Ayele, R., Dini, M., Lamira, J., Katz, M., Pantilat, S. Z., Jones, J., & Kluger, B. M. (2021) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163211017383 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A Nation-Wide Review of Elective Surgery and COVID-Surge Capacity
Prasad, N. K., Englum, B. R., Turner, D. J., Lake, R., Siddiqui, T., Mayorga-Carlin, M., Sorkin, J. D., & Lal, B. K. (2021) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.05.028 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Robustness and bias of European excess death estimates in 2020 under varying model specifications
Schöley, J. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.21258353 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Woolf, S. H., Chapman, D. A., Sabo, R. T., Weinberger, D. M., & Hill, L.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Woolf, Steven H.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-08-04
- Volume
- 324
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 510
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC7330820
- OpenAlex
- W3040339974
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 223 · 2020: 102
- FWCI
- 19.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002649, UL1TR001863)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI123208, R01AI112970, R01AI137093)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- excess mortality, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 mortality, cause-specific mortality, United States, Washington, D.C.
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Cause of Death, Humans, Mortality, National Center for Health Statistics, U.S., Pneumonia, Viral, United States, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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