Trends in Use of Melatonin Supplements Among US Adults, 1999-2018
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This study examines reported prevalence and trends in use of melatonin supplements among US adults from 1999 through 2018.
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The MTNR1B risk variant is highly prevalent (48% in Europeans, 70% in East Asians, and 13% in African Americans) and melatonin use is widespread and often chronic.
“Given the high prevalence of the MTNR1B risk variant (48% in Europeans, 70% in East Asians, and 13% in African Americans) (8) and the widespread, often chronic, use of melatonin (2), these results have potential population-level implications.”
From Melatonin Impairs Glucose Tolerance, First-Phase Insulin Secretion, and Insulin Feedback Inhibition; Interaction With <i>MTNR1B</i> Diabetes Risk Variant (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
The introduction describes melatonin as widely used as an over-the-counter sleep aid, and the Results report increasing use among US adults. The Methods measure use during the past 30 days, not whether use was often chronic. The MTNR1B prevalence figures are attached to a different citation and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMelatonin use quintupled in recent decades.
“Melatonin use quintupled in recent decades.”
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Melatonin modulates habituation learning via the convergent action of two MT 1 -type receptorsPreprint
Baas, D., Darvaux-Hubert, I., Dorado-Doncel, R., Hsiao, A., Broisin, L., Hassan, A. R. E., Perrichet, J., & Randlett, O. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.10.749335
Probing Melatonin’s Release Pattern from Oral Solid Dosage Forms Using Synthetic Biopolymers
Siamidi, A., Bikiaris, N. D., Protopapa, C., Plyta, M., Saltou, M., Sakellaropoulou, A., & Vlachou, M. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18202570
- Authors
- Li, J., Somers, V. K., Xu, H., Lopez-Jimenez, F., & Covassin, N.
- Affiliations
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Xiyuan Hospital (CN)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Corresponding author
- Covassin, Naima
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2022-02-01
- Volume
- 327
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 483
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC8808329
- OpenAlex
- W4210288281
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 17
- FWCI
- 11.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82004301)
- National Institutes of Health (HL-65,176, HL65176, HL134885, HL134885, HL134808)
- Respicardia
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL134808, R01HL065176, R01HL134885)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Keywords
- supplement use trends, prevalence, adults, sleep aids, supplement use
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Nonprescription Drugs, Female, Humans, Male, Melatonin, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Prevalence, Confidence Intervals, Logistic Models, Dietary Supplements
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