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Long-term Outcome of Episodes of Major Depression: Clinical and Public Health Significance
Abstract
Twenty-one percent (20/97) of patients with an episode of major depressive disorder and no history of chronic minor depression who sought treatment at five university medical centers had not recovered after two years of prospective follow-up. The rate of recovery was highest in the three months after entry into the study, with a notable decrease in rate after one year. Most patients who did not recover had severe depressive symptoms throughout the two years of follow-up. Long duration of episode before entry into the study, inpatient hospitalization status at entry, intact marriage, low family income, admitting research center, and a history of nonaffective psychiatric disorders (including alcoholism) predicted a chronic course. The implications of these findings for clinicians, researchers, and public health planners are discussed.
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“Relapse rates after a first episode of depression in those with no depression history are 20% to 30% compared with 70% to 80% for those who have experienced two or more episodes (Keller 1984).”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Keller 1984
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Metadata
- Authors
- Keller, M. B.
- Corresponding author
- Keller, Martin B.
- ORCID
- Keller, Martin B.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1984-08-10
- Volume
- 252
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 788
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4253268125
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 12.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH025478, U01MH025478)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, long-term outcomes, recovery from depression, chronic depression, episode duration, hospitalization, marital status, household income, alcoholism, public health implications
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Probability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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