CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 864Treatment of Major DepressionMental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Time to Recovery, Chronicity, and Levels of Psychopathology in Major Depression: A 5-Year Prospective Follow-up of 431 Subjects

Keller, Martin B.·1992·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The course of illness of 431 subjects with major depression participating in the National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Depression Study was prospectively observed for 5 years. Twelve percent of the subjects still had not recovered by 5 years. There were decreasing rates of recovery over time. For example, 50% of the subjects recovered within the first 6 months, and then the rate of recovery declined markedly. Instantaneous probabilities of recovery reflect that the longer a patient was ill, the lower his or her chances were of recovering. For patients still depressed, the likelihood of recovery within the next month declined from 15% during the first 3 months of follow-up to 1% to 2% per month during years 3, 4, and 5 of this follow-up. The severity of current psychopathology predicted the probability of subsequent recovery. Subjects with moderately severe depressive symptoms, minor depression, or dysthymia had an 18-fold greater likelihood of beginning recovery within the next week than did subjects who were at full criteria for major depressive disorder. Many subjects who did not recover continued in an episode that looked more like dysthymia than major depressive disorder.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Keller, M. B.
Affiliations
National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Corresponding author
Keller, Martin B.
ORCID
Keller, Martin B.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1992-10-01
Volume
49
Issue
10
Pages
809
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820100053010
OpenAlex
W2088803718
Cited by
864
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
FWCI
16.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH025478)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
major depressive disorder, recovery from depression, chronicity of depression, clinical course, minor depression, dysthymia, long-term follow-up
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Care, Antidepressive Agents, Chronic Disease, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Probability, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review