Cited by 1,000Sepsis Diagnosis and TreatmentAdrenal Hormones and DisordersHyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A 3-Level Prognostic Classification in Septic Shock Based on Cortisol Levels and Cortisol Response to Corticotropin

Annane, Djillali·2000·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.283.8.1038

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

CONTEXT: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a major determinant of the host response to stress. The relationship between its activation and patient outcome is not known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of cortisol levels and a short corticotropin stimulation test in patients with septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective inception cohort study conducted between October 1991 and September 1995 in 2 teaching hospital adult intensive care units in France. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 189 consecutive patients who met clinical criteria for septic shock. INTERVENTION: A short corticotropin stimulation test was performed in all patients by intravenously injecting 0.25 mg of tetracosactrin; blood samples were taken immediately before the test (T0) and 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes afterward. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-eight-day mortality as a function of variables collected at the onset of septic shock, including cortisol levels before the corticotropin test and the cortisol response to corticotropin (delta max, defined as the difference between T0 and the highest value between T30 and T60). RESULTS: The 28-day mortality was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-65%) and median time to death was 17 days (95% CI, 14-27 days). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of death (P < or = .001 for all) were McCabe score greater than 0, organ system failure score greater than 2, arterial lactate level greater than 2.8 mmol/L, ratio of PaO2 to fraction of inspired oxygen no more than 160 mm Hg, cortisol level at T0 greater than 34 microg/dL and delta max no more than 9 microg/dL. Three groups of patient prognoses were identified: good (cortisol level at T0 < or = 34 microg/dL and delta max > 9 microg/dL; 28-day mortality rate, 26%), intermediate (cortisol level at T0 34 microg/dL and delta max < or = 9 microg/dL or cortisol level at T0 > 34 microg/dL and delta max > 9 microg/dL; 28-day mortality rate, 67%), and poor (cortisol level at T0 > 34 microg/dL and delta max < or = 9 microg/dL; 28-day mortality rate, 82%). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that a short corticotropin test has a good prognostic value and could be helpful in identifying patients with septic shock at high risk for death.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.283.8.1038

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Applied logistic regression
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1982) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747 · Cited by 21,856
A New Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) Based on a European/North American Multicenter Study
Le Gall, J.-R. (1993) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.270.24.2957 · Cited by 7,773
Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model
SCHOENFELD, D. (1982) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/69.1.239 · Cited by 3,111
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation
Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505183322008 · Cited by 2,579
Prognosis in Acute Organ-System Failure
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198512000-00004 · Cited by 1,220
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adults
Brun‐Buisson, C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.12.968 · Cited by 1,079
Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiologic doses of hydrocortisone
Bollaert, P., Charpentier, C., Lévy, B., Debouverie, M., Audibert, G., & Larcan, A. (1998) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199804000-00010 · Cited by 863
Sepsis syndrome: a valid clinical entity. Methylprednisolone Severe Sepsis Study Group.
Bone, R. C., Fisher, C. J., Clemmer, T. P., Gj, S., METZ, C. A., & BALK, R. A. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 689
Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock
Zéni, F., Freeman, B. D., & Natanson, C. (1997) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199707000-00001 · Cited by 648

Show all 40 references

Sorted by citations

Items 901–999 of 999

Qualidade na assistência praticada em
Troster, E. J. (2006)
Steroid Therapy ofSeptic Shock
Sprung, C. L., Goodman, S. V., & Weiss, Y. (2011)
Special Article Toronto critical care medicine symposium report
Skrobik, Y. K., Kavanagh, B. P., Mazer, C. D., & Cook, D. (2002) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/bf03017933
Case 9-2004: An 18-Year-Old Man with Respiratory Symptoms and Shock
Kopterides, P. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200407013510123
The performance of serum cortisol, plasma corticotropin and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in the diagnosis of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal dysfunction
Alhamza, A. H. A., Mansour, A. A., & Haddad, N. (2015) · International Archives of Medicine · doi:10.3823/1867
“[22-25] These mechanisms could increase cortisol during stress and save human life, but stress last for more than a week would affect the affect the adrenocortical integrity and function.”
Background
Adrenal Insufficiency in 6-Year-Old Boy with Pneumococcal Meningitis
Song, J. H. (2016) · Soonchunhyang Medical Science · doi:10.15746/sms.16.017
Glucocorticoids in the critically ill
O'Neil, P., & Webster, N. R. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511750441.017
Chapter 60 – Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critically Ill Patient
Taylor, R. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50062-5 · Cited by 7
CRITICAL CARE OF THE THORACIC SURGICAL PATIENT
Jacobsohn, E., & Wet, C. J. D. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06861-4.50015-0
Donor organ management
Neyrinck, A., Ferdinande, P., Raemdonck, D. E. V., & de Velde, M. V. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198849346.003.0052
Cortisol Response to Low-Dose (1 μg) ACTH Stimulation for the Prediction of Outcome in Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Bjekić-Macut, J., Radosavljević, V., Andric, Z. G., Ilic, D. S., Stanojlović, O. P., Milutinović, D. V., Antić, I. B., Zdravkovic, M. D., Hinić, S., Μacut, D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Medical Biochemistry · doi:10.1515/jomb-2016-0015
“most discriminative for increased risk of death (20).”
BackgroundResult
Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency in the Intensive Care Patient
Saillant, N. N., & Sims, C. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33341-0_30
Adrenal insufficiency in acute coronary syndromeA W, Norlela S, Rozita M, Masliza M, Shamsul A S, Nor Azmi K
Latif, J. Y., Lumpur, K., Norasyikin, A. W., Sukor, N., Specialist, C. W. C., Rozita, M., Masliza, M., As, S., Specialist, & Wahab, N. A. (2009)
[Changes in serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in children with sepsis shock and their clinical significance].
Lin, H., Wang, Z., Wang, S., & Kang, Y. (2016) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.019
SECTION A: Septicemia,Toxin-andInflammation-MediatedSyndromes PART II Clinical Syndromes and Cardinal Features of Infectious Diseases: Approach to Diagnosis and Initial Management
Guzman‐Cottrill, J. A., Cheesebrough, B., Nadel, S., & Goldstein, B. (2012)
STRESS-INDUCED HOMONAL ALTERATIONS
Weinmann, M. (2001)
Neuroanesthesia and Intensive Care Special Article Toronto critical care medicine symposium report
Skrobik, Y. K., Frcpc, Kavanagh, B. P., Mazer, C. D., & Cook, D. J. (2002)
SERUM CORTISOL LEVEL AS A PREDICTOR OF SEVERITY AND OUTCOME IN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Chandravanshi, S., Patel, R. K., Fala, L., & Bankar, B. (2015) · Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences · doi:10.14260/jemds/2015/1732
Relationshipoftheurinecortisollevelwiththeperformancestatus of patients with lung cancer: a retrospective study
Suzuki, K., Ichikawa, T., Furuse, H., Tsuda, T., Tokui, K., Masaki, Y., Okazawa, S., Kambara, K., Inomata, M., Yamada, T., et al. (2015)
Réponses hormonales et agression aiguë
Renault, A., Lefevre, M., Jaffuel, S., L’Her, E., & Boles, J.-M. (2009) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-08855-1.50017-6
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in healthy and critically ill neonatal foals
Hart, K. A. (2010)
Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in the Critically Ill Patients
Roquilly, A., & Asehnoune, K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64010-5_16
Endocrine Testing in Acute and Critical Illness
Morovat, R. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119374800.ch2
Humans – The Ultimate Model for the Study of Neuroendocrine Systems
Yang, L. Y., Izzi‐Engbeaya, C. N., & Dhillo, W. S. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119391128.ch17
Highlights from the 2008 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Part 2
Thomas, Z., & Kimborowicz, K. (2009) · Hospital Pharmacy · doi:10.1310/hpj4404-298
“pendent risk factor for death in refractory septic shock.(6) Therefore, the beneficial effect of steroid re Hospital Pharmacy”
Background
Adrenocortical function during prolonged critical illness and beyond: a prospective observational study
Peeters, B., Meersseman, P., Perre, S. V., Pieter, J. W., Vanmarcke, D., Debaveye, Y. A., Billen, J., Vermeersch, P., Langouche, L., & Greet, V. D. B. (2018) · Endocrine Abstracts · doi:10.1530/endoabs.57.019
Editorial to: Adrenocortical function during prolonged critical illness and beyond: a prospective observational study
Straaten, H. M. O., Fujikawa, T., & Zimmerman, J. J. (2018) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5402-7
Uso de corticoides sistémicos en pacientes adultos hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad
Fernando Tirapegui, S., Orlando Díaz, P., & Fernando Saldías, P. (2018) · Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias · doi:10.4067/s0717-73482018000400236
균혈증을 동반한 지역사회획득 중증패혈증환자의 예후인자: 전향 적, 관찰연구
윤영경, Kim, M. J., Won, P. D., 권순선, Chun, B. C., Cheong, H.-J., Choi, J. Y., HeeJungChoi, Choi, Y. H., Kim, H. Y., et al. (2012) · AJOU Open Repository (Ajou University) · doi:10.3947/ic.2012.44.3.168&code=0086ic&vmode=full
Insufficienza surrenalica acuta nell’adulto
Pernet, J., & Ray, P. (2019) · EMC - Urgenze · doi:10.1016/s1286-9341(19)42036-x
The role of toll-like receptors in the adrenal gland
Tran, T. H. N. (2009) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt)
Commentary The International Sepsis Forum's controversies in sepsis: corticosteroids should not be routinely used to treat septic shock
Bernard, G. R. (2002)
Gene Expression Signature and Molecular Mechanism of Redox Homeostasis in Colorectal CancerPreprint
Piran, M., Darayee, M., Piran, M., Sepahi, N., & Rahimi, A. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.920553
“Inhibition of COX2 by H 2 S [37] is another mechanism that helps cells to alter energy production route towards anaerobic respiration and lactic acid production which results in uncontrolled cell growth [39, 40].”
Incidência de insuficiência de corticosteroides relacionada à doença crítica e avaliação prognóstica da função adrenal e de biomarcadores em pacientes com pneumonia comunitária grave
Marino, L. O. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2020.tde-10032020-124048
Endocrine Aspects of Critical Care Medicine
den Berghe, G. V. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00114-1
Diagnosis and Management of Critical Illness—Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency
Marik, P. E. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4252-5.50145-3
A study of risk analysis and prognosis models for the mortality of sepsis based on real-world data in ChinaPreprint
Yu, L., Kong, Q., Li, J., Jiang, T., & Tang, Z. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.19.20151738
“The mechanisms of these dysfunctions may involve inappropriate immune–brain signaling, the deleterious production of NO, and an endocrine response that can increase the risk of death in septic shock [19-22].”
Background
Endocrine Responses to Critical Illness
Gunst, J., Boonen, E., & den Berghe, G. V. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119374800.ch3
Pituitary and adrenal response to critical illness
Bendel, S. (2010) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland)
Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases
Hart, K. A., Goff, J. P., McFarlane, D., Breuhaus, B. A., Frank, N., de Laat, M. D., McGowan, C., Toribio, R., Bauman, D. E., Collier, R. J., et al. (2020) · Large Animal Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-55445-9.00041-0
Endocrinología crítica de las glándulas suprarrenales y el eje hipotálamo hipofisario adrenal: Artículo de revisión
Vélez, J. W., Páez, P. A. V., Moscoso, S. X. A., Arauz, R. M. N., Tercero-Martínez, W., Rondón, É. F. L., & Vélez-Páez, J. L. (2019) · Ciencia Ecuador
Adrenal insufficiency and its prognosis of septic shock patients in intensive care unit
정지예 (2008) · YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library)
Cortisol perturbation in the pathophysiology of septicaemia, complicated pregnancy and weight loss/obesity.
Ho, J. T. (2007) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
The Corticotrophin Test in Critical Illness: Traps and Tricks
Venkatesh, B., & Cohen, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25716-2_13
Estrategias para revertir la inmunosupresión en el fenómeno de tolerancia a endotoxinas
Barbara, R. (2011) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)
Corticoïdes
Colin, G., Maxime, V., & Annane, D. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-8101-0089-7.50030-5
Self-citation
Therapie der Sepsis
Henzler, D., & de Rossi, L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29946-2_20
Organ dysfunction during sepsis
Singh, S., & Evans, T. W. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01769-8_59
Sepsis
Krüger, W. A., & Ludman, A. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54971-7_4
Septic Shock
Norwitz, E. R., & Lee, H. J. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444316780.ch41
New Therapies for Sepsis
Whittaker, L., & Nadel, S. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-917-0_17
Interférences avec l’axe corticotrope
Maxime, V., Prigent, H., & Annane, D. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0064-6_19
Self-citation
Corticosteroid Treatment of Patients in Septic Shock
Sprung, C. L., Goodman, S. V., & Weiss, Y. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-92276-6_69
Adrenal Insufficiency
Gerlach, H. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1367-1.00165-8
Intensivmedizin 2001
Revelly, J. (2001) · Swiss Medical Forum ‒ Schweizerisches Medizin-Forum · doi:10.4414/smf.2001.04378
Normality
Verdant, C. L., & Dubois, M. (2004) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000104934.22180.ea
A magic bullet for sepsis – a needle in a haystack or barking up the wrong tree?
Headley, P., & Russell, C. (2012) · Surgery (Oxford) · doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2012.10.007
Neurocritical Care Society 5th Annual Meeting
(2007) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-007-9013-3
Neuroendocrine Monitoring
Klose, M., & Feldt‐Rasmussen, U. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28126-6_45
Adrenal Gland
(2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420079364.ch7
Respuesta de los autores
Alía, I., & de la Cal, M. A. (2003) · Medicina Intensiva · doi:10.1016/s0210-5691(03)79979-3
Neuroendocrine Aspects
Klose, M., & Feldt‐Rasmussen, U. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39383-0_53
Low Baseline but Not Delta Cortisol Relates to 28-Day Transplant-Free Survival in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Roth, S., Flint, E., Ghataore, L., Patel, V., Singanayagam, A., Vincent, R. P., Triantafyllou, E., Ma, Y., Bernal, W. E., Auzinger, G. M., et al. (2022) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2022.08.006
“Additionally, we applied five different previously published and commonly used definitions for AI (Table S2): baseline cortisol <275 nmol/L;(9) baseline cortisol <414 nmol/L;(5) peak cortisol <550 nmol/L;(19) delta cortisol <250 nmol/L and baseline cortisol >275 nmol/L;(9,20,21) delta cortisol <250 nmol/L and baseline…”
Adrenocortical insufficiency in critical illness
Venkatesh, B., & Cohen, J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4762-6.00061-8
Clinical Management of Endotoxemia: Corticosteroids
Boscolo, A., Sella, N., Pettenuzzo, T., & Navalesi, P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18591-5_8 · Cited by 1
Corticosteroid Insufficiency in High-Risk Surgical Patients
Annane, D., & Asehnoun, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17273-1_51
Self-citation
Septic Shock
Bakker, J. (2023) · Lessons from the ICU · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17572-5_6
Endocrine emergencies: clinical manifestations, operative diagnostics and emergency medical care
Karpenko, E. R., Дмитриевна, Г. И., Pogodina, A. E., Kompaniets, A. N., Эдуардовна, Б. В., Zaichuk, D. A., & Egorova, A. (2023) · Cardiometry · doi:10.18137/cardiometry.2023.27.150160
Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency
Burkitt, J. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-76469-8.00090-3
Disorganized adrenocortical zonational structure in COVID-19 patients: Implications of critical illness duration
Wen, T.-Z., Fu, W., Xiao, S., Wang, S., Li, T., Chen, X., Chen, H.-Y., Luo, J., Bian, X., & Yao, X. (2024) · Pathology - Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.prp.2024.155251
CORTICORESISTANCE SYNDROME IN CRITICAL ILLNESS: A GIVEN OR A GUIDE TO ACTION?
Altshuler, N. Е., Kutcyi, M. B., Bakharev, S. А., Kvasnikov, A. M., & Попугаев, К. А. (2024) · Zabajkalʹskij medicinskij vestnik · doi:10.52485/19986173_2024_1_1
Interpretation of Neonatal Adrenal Function Results and Adrenal Function Results in Critical Illness
Akyürek, N., Eklioğlu, B. S., & Binay, Ç. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-6-1-s
The Endocrine Response to Critical Illness
Ruiz, J., & Agus, M. S. D. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66296-6_41
Hydrocortisone treatment is associated with early recovery from severe septic shock in patients with obstructive pyelonephritis due to upper urinary tract stone
Otsuka, I., Nishimoto, K., Kozako, T., Kanemaru, K., Yamashita, Y., Kamoto, T., & Sawada, A. (2025) · BJUI Compass · doi:10.1002/bco2.498
“12 Therefore, the administration of hydrocortisone may aid recovery in patients with severe shock.”
Esteroides, sepsis y shock séptico: de la plausibilidad biológica a la evidencia actual. Revisión narrativa
Vélez-Páez, J. L., Torres-Carpio, D. A., & Avellanas-Chavala, M. L. (2025) · Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo · doi:10.1016/j.acci.2025.01.007
Comparison Between Signal Transduction Pathway Activity in Blood Cells of Sepsis Patients and Laboratory Models
Bouwman, W., Raymakers, R. A. P., van der Poll, T., & van de Stolpe, A. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14040311
“Study insights can be utilized to select and optimize laboratory model systems for sepsis.”
Prognostic value of relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis—A prospective clinical study
Jiménez‐Castillo, R. A., González-Martínez, C. E., Tovar-Bojorquez, E. M., Cortéz-Hernández, C. A., Jáquez-Quintana, J. O., González, J. A., González‐González, J. G., & Maldonado-Garza, H. J. (2025) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.gastre.2025.502322
Recognizing and managing critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency in pediatric critical care
Kim, J. H. (2025) · Archives of Pediatric Critical Care · doi:10.32990/apcc.2025.00031
Hydrocortisone–Fludrocortisone Combination in Septic Shock: Annane et al.
Chacko, J., Chalfin, D. B., Seppelt, I., Pawar, S., & Brar, G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-0673-6_29
Personalized Corticosteroid Treatment for Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia under the C-Reactive Protein Levels Control
Ильдусович, Л. И., Soloveitchik, E., Робертович, Ш. А., & Миронов, П. И. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1010329
Adrenocortical insufficiency in critical illness
Cohen, J., & Venkatesh, B. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11611-7.00071-2
In vitro dexamethasone suppression of cytokine production assay and plasma total and free cortisol responses to ACTH in healthy volunteers
Nethathe, G. D., Cohen, J., Lipman, J., Anderson, R., Hay, K. E., Pretorius, C. J., & Feldman, C. H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-26260-1
“Furthermore, prior studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between PFC elevation following corticotrophin and illness severity 20–23 , and the PFC fraction is suggested by previous investigators to provide insights into individual variability in GS 19 .”
Prognostic Value of Cortisol Response in Septic Shock
Fontanarosa, P., Chawla, K., Kupfer, Y. Y., & Tessler, S. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.3.308-b
Prognostic Value of Cortisol Response in Septic Shock
Fontanarosa, P., Marik, P. E., & Zaloga, G. P. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.3.308-a
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adult Patients: An Approach to Management and Future Trends
See, K. C., Phua, J., & Lee, K. H. (2006) · The International Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1177/039139880602900206
“4 nmol/L) at 30 or 60 minutes induced by a 250 mcg Short Synacthen Test is the best threshold value to differentiate adequate adrenal response (responders) and RAI (nonresponders) (70, 71).”
Background
Anomalies endocriniennes en réanimation
Roquilly, A., & Asehnoune, K. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-287-99027-4_18 · Cited by 1
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency in Critically III Patients: the Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome Revisited
van Deuren, M., Neeleman, C., & Bartelink, A. K. M. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59467-0_10
THE ROLE OF SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B TYPE I-REGULATED INDUCIBLE GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN SEPSIS
Ai, J. (2014) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Additional file 1 of Ketamine versus etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in patients with trauma: a retrospective study in a level 1 trauma center in Korea
Kim, J., Jung, K., Moon, J., Kwon, J., Kang, B. H., Yoo, J., Song, S., Bang, E., Kim, S., & Huh, Y. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23258706
Additional file 1 of Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency during difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation
Bagate, F., Bedet, A., Tomberli, F., Boissier, F., Razazi, K., de Prost, N., Carteaux, G., & Dessap, A. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14489866
The Joint Effect of Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio and Inflammatory Burden Exacerbates Mortality Risk and Prolongs ICU Stay in Sepsis: A Combined Analysis
Qu, X., Yang, Y., Xu, T., & Liu, D. (2026) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s572812
Higher Serum Cortisol is Associated with Delayed Shock Resolution in Septic Shock Patients
Dumrongsukit, S., Charoensri, S., Mulalin, K., & Panitchote, A. (2026) · Journal of Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1177/08850666261423897
Relative adrenal insufficiency in non-critically ill liver cirrhosis
Agarwal, D., Rao, G. V. N., Donapati, V. R., & Shankar, B. R. (2026) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20260968
Study on Cortisol and CRP Levels as Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Airplane Pilots
Tamimi, E., & Awadallah, S. (2026) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15739-3_26
Glucocorticoid-driven gene expression in circulating monocytes and neutrophils in health and severe inflammation
Molendijk, A. J., & Koenderman, L. (2026) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1093/jleuko/qiag068 · Cited by 1
The Endocrine Axis and Critical Illness
Kim, S. S., & Saillant, N. N. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-22660-0_33
A clinician’s guide to corticosteroid therapy in pneumonia and critical illness: agent selection, dosing, monitoring, and interactions
Rad, N. K., Lakzaei, T., Nakhostin, M., & Soltanmohammadi, S. (2026) · Pneumonia · doi:10.1186/s41479-026-00209-y
“This condition affects an estimated 40–60% of patients with septic shock and a substantial proportion of those with severe ARDS [19, 20].”
Septic Shock Therapy
Fumagalli, R., Codazzi, D., & Cattaneo, S. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2213-3_14
Tuberculosis in the Intensive Care Unit: The North American Perspective
Denlinger, L. C., & Glassroth, J. L. (2005) · Perspectives on critical care infectious diseases · doi:10.1007/0-387-23380-6_6

Authors: Annane, D.
Affiliations: Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré (FR)
Corresponding author: Annane, Djillali
ORCID: Annane, Djillali
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2000-02-23
Volume: 283
Issue: 8
Pages: 1038
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.283.8.1038
OpenAlex: W2156618518
Cited by: 1,000
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 38.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
Keywords: septic shock, cortisol, ACTH stimulation test, tetracosactrin, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, prognostic stratification, 28-day mortality, stress response, organ failure, lactate, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, intensive care unit patients, corticosteroid therapy, sepsis
MeSH terms: Adult, Cosyntropin, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Shock, Septic, Biomarkers, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A 3-Level Prognostic Classification in Septic Shock Based on Cortisol Levels and Cortisol Response to Corticotropin

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks