The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A 3-Level Prognostic Classification in Septic Shock Based on Cortisol Levels and Cortisol Response to Corticotropin
Abstract
CONTEXT: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a major determinant of the host response to stress. The relationship between its activation and patient outcome is not known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of cortisol levels and a short corticotropin stimulation test in patients with septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective inception cohort study conducted between October 1991 and September 1995 in 2 teaching hospital adult intensive care units in France. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 189 consecutive patients who met clinical criteria for septic shock. INTERVENTION: A short corticotropin stimulation test was performed in all patients by intravenously injecting 0.25 mg of tetracosactrin; blood samples were taken immediately before the test (T0) and 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes afterward. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-eight-day mortality as a function of variables collected at the onset of septic shock, including cortisol levels before the corticotropin test and the cortisol response to corticotropin (delta max, defined as the difference between T0 and the highest value between T30 and T60). RESULTS: The 28-day mortality was 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-65%) and median time to death was 17 days (95% CI, 14-27 days). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of death (P < or = .001 for all) were McCabe score greater than 0, organ system failure score greater than 2, arterial lactate level greater than 2.8 mmol/L, ratio of PaO2 to fraction of inspired oxygen no more than 160 mm Hg, cortisol level at T0 greater than 34 microg/dL and delta max no more than 9 microg/dL. Three groups of patient prognoses were identified: good (cortisol level at T0 < or = 34 microg/dL and delta max > 9 microg/dL; 28-day mortality rate, 26%), intermediate (cortisol level at T0 34 microg/dL and delta max < or = 9 microg/dL or cortisol level at T0 > 34 microg/dL and delta max > 9 microg/dL; 28-day mortality rate, 67%), and poor (cortisol level at T0 > 34 microg/dL and delta max < or = 9 microg/dL; 28-day mortality rate, 82%). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that a short corticotropin test has a good prognostic value and could be helpful in identifying patients with septic shock at high risk for death.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Short-term hormone dysfunction could also be explained by acute phase inflammation and stress49505152.”
From Endocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: a 5-year follow-up nationwide-based study (2016) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305
The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1982) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747 · Cited by 21,856
Le Gall, J.-R. (1993) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.270.24.2957 · Cited by 7,773
Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model
SCHOENFELD, D. (1982) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/69.1.239 · Cited by 3,111
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation
Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505183322008 · Cited by 2,579
Prognosis in Acute Organ-System Failure
Knaus, W. A., Draper, E. A., Wagner, D. P., & Zimmerman, J. E. (1985) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-198512000-00004 · Cited by 1,220
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adults
Brun‐Buisson, C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.274.12.968 · Cited by 1,079
Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiologic doses of hydrocortisone
Bollaert, P., Charpentier, C., Lévy, B., Debouverie, M., Audibert, G., & Larcan, A. (1998) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199804000-00010 · Cited by 863
Sepsis syndrome: a valid clinical entity. Methylprednisolone Severe Sepsis Study Group.
Bone, R. C., Fisher, C. J., Clemmer, T. P., Gj, S., METZ, C. A., & BALK, R. A. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 689
Anti-inflammatory therapies to treat sepsis and septic shock
Zéni, F., Freeman, B. D., & Natanson, C. (1997) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199707000-00001 · Cited by 648
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 999
Laviolle, B., Maguet, P. L., Verdier, M.-C., Massart, C., Donal, E., Lainé, F., Lavenu, A., Pape, D., & Bellissant, É. (2010) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/clpt.2010.83 · Cited by 16
Incerpi, E. K., Oliveira, L. M., Pereira, E. M., & Soncini, R. (2015) · International Journal of Experimental Pathology · doi:10.1111/iep.12113 · Cited by 13
“…ALI because endogenous GCs are not always effective in suppressing systemic inflammation (Liu et al. 1993; Meduri et al. 2005), even though the degree of cortisolaemia frequently correlates with severity of illness and mortality rates (Annane et al. 2000; Mesotten et al. 2008; Thompson 2010).”
BackgroundAdrenal Insufficiency in Hemodynamically Unstable Neonatesafter Open-Heart Surgery
Garcia, X., Bhutta, A. T., Dyamenahalli, U., Imamura, M., Jaquiss, R. D. B., & Prodhan, P. (2010) · Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0803.2010.00447.x · Cited by 13
Cardiovascular Management of Septic Shock in 2012
Guillamet, C. V., Rhee, C., & Patterson, A. J. (2012) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-012-0279-z · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, adrenal insufficiency may be associated with higher mortality [45, 46].”
BackgroundAldosterone secretion in patients with septic shock: a prospective study
Moraes, R. B., Friedman, G., Viana, M. V., Tonietto, T. A., Saltz, H., & Czepielewski, M. A. (2013) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302013000800009 · Cited by 14
“Patients who are unable to activate this axis exhibit higher mortality rates (3,4).”
BackgroundNovel insights in the HPA-axis during critical illness
den Berghe, G. V. (2014) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1179/2295333714y.0000000093 · Cited by 13
Graupera, I., Pavel, O., Hernández–Gea, V., Ardèvol, A., Webb, S. M., Urgell, E., Colomo, A., Llaó, J., Concepción, M., & Villanueva, C. (2015) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.12788 · Cited by 13
“Previous studies have associated bacterial infection with RAI (5, 8, 9) and RAI, in turn, has been associated with higher risk of developing infections (11).”
BackgroundPediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society 2014 Consensus Statement
Soto-Rivera, C. L., Agus, M. S. D., Sawyer, J. E., & Macrae, D. J. (2016) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000000625 · Cited by 13
“Many threshold concentrations have been proposed to define what is “appropriate” (57, 58).”
BackgroundElevated Baseline Cortisol Levels Are Predictive of Bad Outcomes in Critically Ill Children
Levy‐Shraga, Y., Pinhas‐Hamiel, O., Molina-Hazan, V., Tamir‐Hostovsky, L., Eini, Z. M., Lerner‐Geva, L., & Paret, G. (2016) · Pediatric Emergency Care · doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000784 · Cited by 13
“In a prospective study of 189 critically ill adult patients, mortality was highest in those with a basal cortisol level of greater than 34 μg/dL (938 nmol/L).(26) Similarly, a retrospective study on 82 adult patients with septic shock demonstrated that a cortisol level of greater than 20 μg/dL (550 nmol/L) was a predi…”
BackgroundShadnia, S., Zaman, N., Hassanian‐Moghaddam, H., Shafaroodi, H., Padandar, M., & Rezaeizadeh, M. H. (2017) · World Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2018.01.008 · Cited by 13
Xu, R. D., Wang, Q., Huang, Y., Wu, L., Liu, Q., Hu, W., Zhou, C., & Du, Q. (2018) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0300060518774985 · Cited by 13
“Nonresponders were defined as patients with a low cortisol response (a 9-mg/dl increase in the cortisol level) to a 250-mg intravenous bolus of corticotropin.(11)”
MethodRelative Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis
Kumar, M., Gupta, G. K., Wanjari, S. J., Tak, V., Ameta, M., & Nijhawan, S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2018.09.002 · Cited by 14
“It substantially increases the risk of death during acute illness as an increase of the cortisol level in acute illness is an important protective response.(16,17) Severe AH is associated with an increased level of endotoxin andproinflammatorymediators,which is quite similar to that observed in sepsis.”
Wood, K. A., & Marik, P. E. (2004) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/s0012-3692(15)31346-5 · Cited by 13
Management of Severe Sepsis in the Surgical Patient
Sihler, K. C., & Nathens, A. B. (2006) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.09.005 · Cited by 13
“This approach is derived from a large prospective cohort study in which dynamic testing of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis was used to predict outcome in patients who had septic shock [50].”
MethodMiyauchi, T., Tsuruta, R., Fujita, M., Kaneko, T., Kasaoka, S., & Maekawa, T. (2009) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-9-209 · Cited by 13
“Adrenal insufficiency, which is commonly diagnosed with the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test, affects the efficacy of GC in the treatment of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases [8,9].”
Tol, M. M., Shekar, K., Barnett, A., McGree, J., McWhinney, B., Ziegenfuss, M., Ungerer, J., & Fraser, J. (2014) · Journal of critical care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.01.020 · Cited by 11
“These findings are similar to those described in patients with septic shock [7,26,27].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSasser, W. C., Robert, S. M., Carlo, W. F., Borasino, S., Dabal, R. J., Kirklin, J. K., & Alten, J. A. (2012) · World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery · doi:10.1177/2150135111431268 · Cited by 13
“This observation is consistent with a number of studies in septic shock in which elevated cortisol concentration is correlated with higher morbidity and mortality.(17,18)”
ResultSummers, A. M., Culler, C. A., Yaxley, P. E., & Guillaumin, J. (2021) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care · doi:10.1111/vec.13037 · Cited by 12
Langgartner, D., Amoroso, M., Kempter, E., Kustermann, M., Scheurer, J., Lowry, C. A., Strauß, G., & Reber, S. O. (2023) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.01.018 · Cited by 13
“, 2010) as well as development of GC resistance (Annane et al., 2000; Molijn et al., 1995; Rothwell et al., 1991) are further known to promote post-”
BackgroundLow-Dose Corticosteroids to Treat Septic Shock: A Critical Literature Review
Yarema, T. C., & Yost, S. C. (2011) · Critical Care Nurse · doi:10.4037/ccn2011551 · Cited by 12
Guerrero, J. (2017) · Revista médica de Chile (Impresa) · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872017000200011 · Cited by 6
Chapados, I., Chik, C. L., & Cheung, P. (2010) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0b013e3181c99727 · Cited by 12
“(20) but not by the recent trial of Sprung”
BackgroundKwon, Y. S., Suh, G. Y., Kang, E., Koh, W., Chung, M. P., Kim, H., & Kwon, O. J. (2007) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2007.22.3.470 · Cited by 12
“6%) and patient characteristics, such as mean age, gender distribution, SAPS II score, basal cortisol level, site of infection, and isolated organisms, were consistent with previous studies (5, 6).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSepsis: From Historical Aspects to Novel Vistas. Pathogenic and Therapeutic Considerations
Magrone, T., & Jirillo, E. (2019) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530319666181129112708 · Cited by 12
Care of the pediatric cardiac surgery patient--part 2.
Gazit, A., Huddleston, C., Checchia, P., Fehr, J., & Pezzella, A. (2010) · Current problems in surgery · doi:10.1067/j.cpsurg.2009.12.003 · Cited by 13
Pharmacologic Adjuncts to Intubation
Hopson, L. R., & Schwartz, R. B. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3623-4.00005-5 · Cited by 12
Norepinephrine: No more “leave ’em dead”?
Nasraway, S. A. (2000) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200008000-00078 · Cited by 12
Defining adrenal status with salivary cortisol by gold-standard insulin hypoglycemia
Karpman, M. S., Neculau, M., Dias, V. C., & Kline, G. A. (2013) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.004 · Cited by 11
Endocrinologic Diseases in Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care
Soto-Rivera, C. L., Schwartz, S. M., Sawyer, J. E., Macrae, D. J., & Agus, M. S. D. (2016) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000000827 · Cited by 11
“Many threshold concentrations have been proposed to define what is an “appropriate” response (40, 41).”
BackgroundBagate, F., Bedet, A., Tomberli, F., Boissier, F., Razazi, K., de Prost, N., Carteaux, G., & Dessap, A. M. (2021) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-021-00852-2 · Cited by 13
“Some adrenal profiles derived from corticotropin stimulation test are usually associated with poor outcomes, as alteration of cardiac and vascular functions, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and higher mortality [3, 4].”
BackgroundChapados, I., Lee, T. F., Chik, C. L., & Cheung, P. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.089 · Cited by 11
“Nevertheless, the notion of relative adrenal insufficiency secondary to shock has been envisioned by some as an aetiologic factor for vasopressor and fluid resistance (Annane et al., 2000; Burry and Wax, 2004; Noori and Seri, 2005; Seri and Evans, 2001).”
BackgroundMatejec, R., Löcke, G., Mühling, J., Harbach, H., Langefeld, T.-W., Bödeker, R., & Hempelmann, G. (2009) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0b013e318188dfb8 · Cited by 11
“Determination of POMC fragments and cortisol Peptides, reagents, and buffer—Synthetic human "-END(1-31), NacY"END(1-31), and "-LPH were obtained from Bachem, Heidelberg, Germany; from Nova-Biochem, Bad Soden, Germany; and from Dr A.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSerum cortisol and inflammatory response in neutropenic fever
Juutilainen, A., Hämäläinen, S., Niemenpää, J., Kuittinen, T., Pulkki, K., Koivula, I., Niskanen, L., & Jantunen, E. (2011) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-011-1211-6 · Cited by 9
“Blunted response to ACTH test is recognized as an independent predictor of poor outcome of sepsis [ 21 , 23, 31].”
BackgroundHowell, G. M. S., & Tisherman, S. (2006) · Surgical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.08.001 · Cited by 8
Kwon, Y. S., Kang, E., Suh, G. Y., Koh, W., Chung, M. P., Kim, H., Kwon, O. J., & Chung, J. H. (2009) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2009.24.4.668 · Cited by 11
“This level has been associated with increased mortality and is the most widely accepted criterion used for RAI (4, 16); however, the utility of RAI diagnosed by this criterion continues to be debated.”
BackgroundInfluentialBernard, G. R. (2002) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc1531 · Cited by 11
“In one such study [2] patients were stimulated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and their blood cortisol levels were measured at 0, 30, and 60 min.”
Felmet, K. A. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-06612-9.00039-0 · Cited by 10
Serum cortisol levels in asphyxiated infants with hypotension
Kovács, K. D., Szakmár, E., Méder, Ü., Csekő, A., Szabo, A. J., Szabó, M., & Jermendy, Á. (2018) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.03.003 · Cited by 10
Billoir, P., Leprêtre, P., Thill, C., Bellien, J., Duchez, V. L. C., Selim, J., Tamion, F., Clavier, T., & Besnier, E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11051383 · Cited by 10
“This is notably the case of the relative adrenal insufficiency described in the most severe cases of sepsis [33].”
BackgroundKempter, E., Amoroso, M., Kupfer, S., Lupu, L., Kustermann, M., Scheurer, J., Baumann, B., Wirth, T. C., Gündel, H., Straub, R. H., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.011 · Cited by 10
Nayil, K., Ramzan, A., Shoaib, Y., Bashir, M. I., Wani, A. A., & Shafiq, A. (2013) · Intern J Endocrinol Metab · doi:10.5812/ijem.8241 · Cited by 10
“Studies which have reported these changes have been carried out mostly in polytrauma, septic shock and renal failure (1-3, 10, 11, 14-20).”
BackgroundSteroids and Sepsis: the Debate Continues
Ramanan, M., Cohen, J., & Venkatesh, B. (2019) · International Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1097/aia.0000000000000220 · Cited by 10
Endocrine Markers of Severity and Prognosis in Critical Illness
Nylen, E. S., Seam, N., & Khosla, R. (2006) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2005.08.002 · Cited by 10
“renal synthetic reserves rather than on the overall integrated adrenal axis, which includes extra-adrenal cortisol stimulation, and the response to ACTH can be low in otherwise healthy subjects [2,10].”
BackgroundRelative Adrenal Insufficiency in Etomidate-Naïve Patients with Septic Shock
Jones, D. A., Hayes, M., Webb, S. A. R., French, C., & Bellomo, R. (2006) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x0603400506 · Cited by 10
Relative Adrenal Insufficiency Among Trauma Patients in a Community Hospital
Beeman, B. R., Veverka, T. J., Lambert, P. W., & Boysen, D. M. (2005) · Current Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cursur.2005.03.020 · Cited by 10
Etomidate, adrenal dysfunction and critical care
Roberts, R. G., & Redman, J. (2002) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.2575_15.x · Cited by 10
Ruiz‐Santana, S., López, A., Torres, S., Rey, A. S., Losada, A., Latasa, L., Manzano, J. L., & Díaz-Chico, B. N. (2001) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607101025006338 · Cited by 10
Ouagueni, A., Al‐Zoubi, R. M., Zarour, A. M., Al-Ansari, A. A., & Bawadi, H. A. (2024) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md22050207 · Cited by 9
“…injury to the hypothalamus, which subsequently activates the hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal axis to restore homeostasis following an injury [35–37]. injury to the hypothalamus, which subsequently activates the hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal axis to restore homeostasis following an injury [35–37].”
Faut-il encore utiliser l’étomidate ?
Payen, J., Vinclair, M., Broux, C., Faure, P., & Chabre, O. (2008) · Annales Françaises d Anesthésie et de Réanimation · doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2008.09.016 · Cited by 9
Swales, H., Batchelor, D. J., & O’Connell, E. M. (2020) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.256.9.1034 · Cited by 10
What Is the Role of Steroids for Septic Shock in 2021?
Nedel, W. L., Lisboa, T. C., & Salluh, J. I. (2021) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1733900 · Cited by 9
Kim, J., Jung, K., Moon, J., Kwon, J., Kang, B. H., Yoo, J., Song, S., Bang, E., Kim, S.-R., & Huh, Y. (2023) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-023-00833-7 · Cited by 9
Evaluation of endocrine function in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit
Aydın, B. K., Demirkol, D., Baş, F., Türkoğlu, Ü., Kumral, A., Karaböcüoğlu, M., Çıtak, A., & Darendelıler, F. (2013) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/ped.12269 · Cited by 9
Holub, M., & Beran, O. (2012) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11379 · Cited by 9
“Previous studies have demonstrated signifi cant predictive values of elevated levels of lactate, cortisol and IL-6 in the blood of patients with diff erent etiologies of shock [2-4].”
Treatment of sepsis: Current status of clinical immunotherapy
O’Callaghan, A., & Redmond, H. P. (2006) · The Surgeon · doi:10.1016/s1479-666x(06)80111-3 · Cited by 9
Cortisol kinetics in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis
Beran, O., Džupová, O., & Holub, M. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2010.12.020 · Cited by 9
Debono, M., Sheppard, L., Irving, S., Jackson, P., Butterworth, J., Brookes, Z. L. S., Newell-Price, J. D. C., Ross, J. J., & Ross, R. J. M. (2010) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0996 · Cited by 9
Foushee, J. A., Meredith, P., Fox, L. M., & Wilder, A. G. (2020) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaa118 · Cited by 9
Septic shock: new pharmacotherapy options or better trial design?
Vincent, J., & Nuffelen, M. V. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.777429 · Cited by 9
“showing that patients who responded to an ACTH test with an increase in plasma cortisol had better outcomes [26].”
BackgroundMaqbool, M., Shah, Z. A., Wani, F. A., Wahid, A., Parveen, S., & Nazir, A. (2009) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.4103/0972-5229.56054 · Cited by 9
“Thus, at the onset of septic shock, basal plasma cortisol values and cortisol response to corticotropin appear to be independent predictors of 28-day mortality, which allows us to substantiate the prognostic classification of 3 groups given by Annane, et al.[43] This classification requires only a short corticotropin…”
InfluentialMatejec, R., Löcke, G., Kayser, F., Lichtenstern, C., Weigand, M. A., Welters, I. D., Bödeker, R., & Harbach, H. W. (2010) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181fffe00 · Cited by 8
“Proopiomelanocortin Fragments A fluid phase two-site immunoprecipitation radioimmunoassay as described previously was used to determine authentic b-END (b-END[1-31]) in plasma extracts.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialValidation of a low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in healthy neonatal foals
Stewart, A. J., Wright, J. C., Behrend, E. N., Martin, L. G., Kemppainen, R. J., & Busch, K. A. (2013) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.243.3.399 · Cited by 9
The role of etomidate as an anaesthetic induction agent for critically ill patients
Allen, C., & Washington, S. J. (2016) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2016.77.5.282 · Cited by 9
Association between relative adrenal insufficiency and septic cardiomyopathy: a preliminary report
Bagate, F., Razazi, K., Boissier, F., Seemann, A., de Prost, N., Carteaux, G., Brun‐Buisson, C., & Dessap, A. M. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4901-2 · Cited by 9
“RAI has been mostly studied during septic shock (SS), where it seems associated with a worse prognosis [1].”
BackgroundAdjunctive Corticosteroid Treatment in Septic Shock
Cohen, J., & Venkatesh, B. (2019) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000002604 · Cited by 9
Approach to respiratory failure in emergency department.
Forte, P., Mazzone, M., Portale, G., Falcone, C., Mancini, F. R., & Silveri, N. G. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Adrenal insufficiency in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Parikshak, M., Shepard, A., Reddy, D., & Nypaver, T. (2004) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2004.01.020 · Cited by 9
Relative adrenal insufficiency in sepsis: match point or deuce?
Venkatesh, B., Prins, J. B., Torpy, D. J., Chapman, M. J., Joyce, C., Cooper, D. J., Cohen, J., Hickman, I. J., Jones, D. A., & Higgins, A. M. (2006) · Critical Care and Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/s1441-2772(23)02076-8 · Cited by 9
Williamson, D. R., & Lapointe, M. (2003) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.23.4.514.32123 · Cited by 9
“stimulating test.(64) The main outcome measured was 28-day mortality.”
BackgroundHydrocortisone in septic shock: Too much, too little, too soon?*
Thys, F., & Laterre, P. (2005) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000186891.90994.01 · Cited by 9
Adrenal insufficiency in critical ill children: Many unanswered questions *
Singhi, S. C. (2002) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00130478-200204000-00024 · Cited by 9
Etomidate for critically ill patients
Payen, J. (2012) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/eja.0b013e32835819e0 · Cited by 9
Sullivan, T., Sharma, A., Lamers, K., Mallard, B. A., Cánovas, Á., & Karrow, N. A. (2023) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110579 · Cited by 10
Morabito, L. A., Corica, D., Pepe, G., Pomi, A. L., Aversa, T., & Wasniewska, M. G. (2024) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01616-x · Cited by 9
“Many threshold concentrations have been proposed to define the “appropriate” incremental response of cortisol after a cosyntropin bolus [32].”
BackgroundThe effects of antioxidant supplementation on short-term mortality in sepsis patients
Pei, H., Qu, J., Chen, J., Zhang, Y.-L., Zhang, M., Zhao, G., & Lu, Z. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29156 · Cited by 9
“Even though short-term low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be beneficial [93,94], standardised adrenal function testing was still required to assist reverse septic shock and reduce mortality [95 – 97].”
BackgroundThe ACTH test fails to diagnose adrenal insufficiency and augments cytokine production in sepsis
Hao, D., Wang, Q., Ito, M., Xue, J., Guo, L., Huang, B., Mineo, C., Shaul, P. W., & Li, X. (2025) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.187487 · Cited by 10
Zyl, E. V., Leisewitz, A. L., Atkinson, B. K., Goddard, A., Rautenbach, Y., Thompson, P. N., & Schoeman, J. P. (2022) · Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102107 · Cited by 9
Papathanassoglou, E. D. E., Moynihan, J. A., Dafni, U. G., Mantzoros, C. S., & Ackerman, M. (2003) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800403257189 · Cited by 8
Lovelock, J. D., Coslet, S., Johnson, M., Rich, S., & Gomberg‐Maitland, M. (2007) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0b013e328011c256 · Cited by 8
Doença meningocócica e meningite
Branco, R. G., Amoretti, C. F., & Tasker, R. C. (2007) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1590/s0021-75572007000300006 · Cited by 8
Corticosteroids and Human Recombinant Activated Protein C for Septic Shock
Colin, G., & Annane, D. (2008) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2008.06.009 · Cited by 8
“In the 90s, the demonstration that an inappropriate endogenous neuroendocrine response to infection plays a role in the pathomechanisms and prognosis of sepsis has prompted renewed interest in the use of corticosteroids at lower doses and for a longer period.(12,13) Recently, the term critical illness–related corticos…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdjunct Therapy for Sepsis: How Early?
Annane, D. (2010) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-010-0123-2 · Cited by 8
“As a result, interest was renewed in the use of low-dose corticosteroids and the development of a new drug—recombinant human activated protein C—with promising benefit/risk profiles suggested by initial clinical studies [ 2 , 3]. Almost a decade later, conflicting data have been reported for corticosteroids and activa…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRisk factors for mortality in septic patients who received etomidate
Rech, M. A., Bennett, S., Chaney, W., & Sterk, E. J. (2015) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.07.062 · Cited by 8
“After a bolus dose of etomidate, AI may persist for up to 48 hours in critically ill patients [5].”
Backgroundde Wit, M., Wiaterek, G. K., Gray, N. D., Goulet, K. E., Best, A. M., Clore, J. N., & Sweeney, L. B. (2010) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc9385 · Cited by 8
“Abbreviations ACTH: adrenocorticotropin hormone; AUD: alcohol use disorders; CI: confidence interval; CIWA-Ar: Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment; Δcortisol: delta cortisol; HPA: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; ICU: intensive care unit; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.”
BackgroundInfluentialSepsis-related stress response: known knowns, known unknowns, and unknown unknowns
Peng, J., & Du, B. (2010) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc9103 · Cited by 8
“Despite the uncertainty of the defi nition and diagnostic criteria, clinical studies show that patients with RAI are at a signifi cantly higher risk of hospital mortality [ 12 ] and this has been the driver for corticosteroid replacement therapy in severe sepsis/septic shock [2-4].”
BackgroundWaxman, A. B., Ward, N., Thompson, B., Lilly, C. M., Lisbon, A., Hill, N. S., Nasraway, S. A., Heard, S. O., Corwin, H. L., & Levy, M. M. (2004) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc2940 · Cited by 8
“A prior trial suggested that failure to augment serum cortisol by 9 μg/dl after high-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was a bad prognostic sign and was independent of the pre-ACTH stimulated cortisol value [9].”
BackgroundProceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress
Chtara, K., Regaieg, K., Baccouch, N., Chelly, H., Bahloul, M., Bouaziz, M., Jendoubi, A., Abbes, A., Belhaouane, H., Nasri, O., et al. (2017) · Annals of Intensive Care · doi:10.1186/s13613-016-0224-7 · Cited by 9
Low-dose hydrocortisone prolongs survival in a lethal sepsis model in adrenalectomized rats
Doulias, T., Quickert, S., Weis, S., Claus, R. A., Κοντοπούλου, Κ., Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, E. J., Bauer, M. W., & Koutelidakis, I. M. (2018) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.011 · Cited by 8
Steroids for Adult and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Clinical Update.
Crawford, J., & Townsley, M. M. (2018) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2018.11.023 · Cited by 8
Assessment of adrenal function in patients with acute hepatitis using serum free and total cortisol
Degand, T., Monnet, É., Durand, F., Grandclément, É., Ichaı̈, P., Borot, S., Qualls, C., Agin, A., Louvet, A., Dumortier, J., et al. (2015) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2015.05.016 · Cited by 9
“Corticosteroid replacement could be useful in LF patients suspected to have AD, although this strategy remains onflicting in patients suffering from a septic shock with [13] r without cirrhosis [4,14].”
BackgroundCurrent Controversy Related to Glucocorticoid and Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
Klaff, L. S., & Wisse, B. E. (2007) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.13.5.542 · Cited by 8
New Strategies to Improve Outcomes in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Beilman, G. J. (2004) · Surgical Infections · doi:10.1089/sur.2004.5.289 · Cited by 8
“An important subtlety is the fact that, whereas many patients have normal cortisol concentrations, not all patients respond normally to corticotropin stimulation. septic shock [30].”
Defining Relative Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critically III: The ACTH Test Revisited
de Jong, M. F. C., Beishuizen, A., & Groeneveld, A. B. J. (2006) · Yearbook of intensive care and emergency medicine · doi:10.1007/3-540-33396-7_50 · Cited by 8
Adrenal Insufficiency In Critically Ill Patients
Ashrafuzzaman, S. (2015) · Bangladesh Critical Care Journal · doi:10.3329/bccj.v3i1.24101 · Cited by 8
Defining adrenal insufficiency in septic shock *
Kenyon, N. J. (2003) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200301000-00059 · Cited by 8
Blum, C. A., Schüetz, P., Nigro, N., Winzeler, B. F., Arici, B., Refardt, J. C., Urwyler, S. A., Rodondi, N., Blum, M. R., Briel, M., et al. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13907 · Cited by 7
Hormone Therapy in Trauma Patients
Asehnoune, K., Vourc’h, M., & Roquilly, A. (2019) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2018.11.009 · Cited by 7
Arcellana, A. E., Lim, K. W., Arcegono, M., & Jimeno, C. (2022) · Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · doi:10.15605/jafes.037.01.03 · Cited by 7
Adrenal insufficiency in patients with stable non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.
Rajagopala, S., Ramakrishnan, A., Bantwal, G., Devaraj, U., Swamy, S., Ayyar, S., & D′Souza, G. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7
Annane, D., Fan, E., & Herridge, M. S. (2006) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc4856 · Cited by 7
“Nonresponders with a high baseline cortisol, such as patient described in the present scenario, have an extremely poor prognosis [2], but should this patient receive steroids? Indeed, use of low-dose steroids was endorsed in the recommendations for the management of septic shock by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign [17].”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Annane, D.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Annane, Djillali
- ORCID
- Annane, Djillali
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2000-02-23
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1038
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2156618518
- Cited by
- 1,000
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 38.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Keywords
- septic shock, cortisol, ACTH stimulation test, tetracosactrin, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, prognostic stratification, 28-day mortality, stress response, organ failure, lactate, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, intensive care unit patients, corticosteroid therapy, sepsis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cosyntropin, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Middle Aged, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Shock, Septic, Biomarkers, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
