The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Important Causes of Visual Impairment in the World Today
Abstract
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT, WHICH may be defined as blindness (best vision of 20/200 in the better eye in the United States and 20/400 by the World Health Organization [WHO] definition) or low vision ( 20/40 in the United States and 20/60 according to WHO), is one of the most common disabilities: an estimated 40 million people worldwide were blind nearly a decade ago, the time of the last accurate assessment, and 110 million people had low vision. Among persons older than 40 years in the United States, 937000 people were blind and 2.4 million people had low vision in 2002. Figures for the developing world, where approximately 90% of world blindness exists, and the developed world are expected to increase significantly during the next decades as the world’s population ages.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Causes and Prevalence of Visual Impairment Among Adults in the UnitedStates
(2004) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.122.4.477 · Cited by 2,616
Racial Differences in the Cause-Specific Prevalence of Blindness in East Baltimore
Sommer, A., Tielsch, J. M., Katz, J., Quigley, H. A., Gottsch, J. D., Javitt, J. C., Martone, J. F., Royall, R. M., Witt, K. A., & Ezrine, S. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199111143252004 · Cited by 764
A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Men
Christen, W. G. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540140035023 · Cited by 320
Impact of face-washing on trachoma in Kongwa, Tanzania
West, S., Muñoz, B., Lynch, M., Kayongoya, A., Chilangwa, Z., Mmbaga, B. B. O., & Taylor, H. R. (1995) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90167-1 · Cited by 230
Cited by
Cheung, N., Mitchell, P., & Wong, T. Y. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)62124-3 · Cited by 3,288
Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration
Heier, J. S., Brown, D. M., Chong, V., Korobelnik, J.-F., Kaiser, P. K., Nguyen, Q. D., Kirchhof, B., Ho, A., Ogura, Y., Yancopoulos, G. D., et al. (2012) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.006 · Cited by 2,485
Varma, R., Vajaranant, T. S., Burkemper, B., Wu, S., Torres, M., Hsu, C., Choudhury, F., & McKean-Cowdin, R. (2016) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1284 · Cited by 445
Chong, E. W.-T. (2008) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.126.6.826 · Cited by 279
Senescent cells: SASPected drivers of age-related pathologies
Ovadya, Y., & Krizhanovsky, V. (2014) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-014-9529-9 · Cited by 232
Metadata
- Authors
- Congdon, N. G.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2003-10-15
- Volume
- 290
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 2057
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W1975032911
- Cited by
- 698
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 8.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Important Causes of Visual Impairment in the World Today. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.290.15.2057
- The paper
- Congdon, N. G. (2003). Important Causes of Visual Impairment in the World Today. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.15.2057
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.