The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical Implications of the Osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK System for Bone and Vascular Diseases
Abstract
Bone resorption by osteoclasts is coupled with bone formation by osteoblasts, and this balanced process continuously remodels and adapts the skeleton. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) has been identified as an essential cytokine for the formation and activation of osteoclasts. The effects of RANKL are physiologically counterbalanced by the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG). Estrogen deficiency, glucocorticoid exposure, T-cell activation (eg, rheumatoid arthritis), and skeletal malignancies (eg, myeloma, metastases) enhance the ratio of RANKL to OPG and, thus, promote osteoclastogenesis, accelerate bone resorption, and induce bone loss. Moreover, alterations of the OPG/RANKL/RANK system have been implicated in vascular diseases. RANKL blockade (using OPG or RANK fusion proteins or RANKL antibodies) has prevented bone loss caused by osteoporosis, chronic inflammatory disorders, and malignant tumors in animal models and may emerge as a therapy in humans based on studies in postmenopausal osteoporosis, myeloma bone disease, and osteolytic metastases. This review summarizes the clinical implications of the OPG/RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation.
Lacey, D. L., Timms, E., Tan, H.-L., Kelley, M. J., Dunstan, C. R., Burgess, T., Elliott, R., Colombero, A., Elliott, G., Scully, S., et al. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81569-x · Cited by 5,439
Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density.
Simonet, W. S., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Kelley, M., Chang, M.-S., Lüthy, R., Nguyen, H. Q., Wooden, S., Bennett, L., Boone, T., et al. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80209-3 · Cited by 5,130
Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts
Teitelbaum, S. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5484.1504 · Cited by 3,962
Kong, Y.-Y., Feige, U., Sarosi, I., Bolon, B., Tafuri, A., Morony, S., Capparelli, C., Li, J., Elliott, R., McCabe, S., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/46303 · Cited by 1,856
Hsu, H., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Solovyev, I., Colombero, A., Timms, E., Tan, H.-L., Elliott, G., Kelley, M. J., Sarosi, I., et al. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3540 · Cited by 1,636
Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women
Eghbali-Fatourechi, G., Khosla, S., Sanyal, A., Boyle, W. J., Lacey, D. L., & Riggs, B. L. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17215 · Cited by 825
Bekker, P. J., Holloway, D. L., Rasmussen, A. S., Murphy, R., Martin, S. W., Leese, P. T., Holmes, G. B., Dunstan, C. R., & DePaoli, A. M. (2004) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.040305 · Cited by 771
Hofbauer, L. C., Khosla, S., Dunstan, C. R., Lacey, D. L., Spelsberg, T. C., & Riggs, B. L. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.9.7131 · Cited by 692
Self-citationMin, H., Morony, S., Sarosi, I., Dunstan, C. R., Capparelli, C., Scully, S., Van, G., Kaufman, S., Kostenuik, P. J., Lacey, D. L., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.4.463 · Cited by 550
Breast Cancer Cells Interact with Osteoblasts to Support Osteoclast Formation1
Thomas, R. J., Guise, T. A., Yin, J. J., Elliott, J., Horwood, N. J., Martin, T. J., & Gillespie, M. T. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.10.7037 · Cited by 536
Cited by
Functions of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone modeling and remodeling
Boyce, B. F., & Xing, L. (2008) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.018 · Cited by 1,844
Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease
Cekici, A., Kantarci, A., Hasturk, H., & Van Dyke, T. E. (2014) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12002 · Cited by 1,415
“osteoporosis, cancer-related bone metastasis and diabetes-associated alveolar bone destruction (25, 87, 89, 122, 158, 169), confirming the critical role of the RANKL ⁄ RANK ⁄ osteoprotegerin triad in osteoclas-”
BackgroundBone, H. G., Wagman, R. B., Brandi, M. L., Brown, J. P., Chapurlat, R., Cummings, S. R., Czerwiński, E., Fahrleitner-Pammer, A., Kendler, D. L., Lippuner, K., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30138-9 · Cited by 996
Biology of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin
Boyce, B. F., & Xing, L. (2007) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2165 · Cited by 957
Understanding multiple myeloma pathogenesis in the bone marrow to identify new therapeutic targets
Hideshima, T., Mitsiades, C., Tonon, G., Richardson, P. G., & Anderson, K. C. (2007) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2189 · Cited by 932
Metadata
- Authors
- Hofbauer, L. C.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2004-07-28
- Volume
- 292
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 490
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2128843508
- Cited by
- 988
- References
- 45
- FWCI
- 17.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical Implications of the Osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK System for Bone and Vascular Diseases. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.292.4.490
- The paper
- Hofbauer, L. C. (2004). Clinical Implications of the Osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK System for Bone and Vascular Diseases. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.4.490
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
