Thyroid Disease 60 Years After Hiroshima and 20 Years After Chernobyl
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Risks of thyroid cancer after external irradiation are highest in children <5 years of age, and they decline with advancing age.
“Although there are sparse clinical data relating to RAI use in children with GD and subsequent thyroid cancer (313), it is known that risks of thyroid cancer after external irradiation are highest in children <5 years of age, and they decline with advancing age (314,315); see discussion of RAI therapy and cancer risk in Section [P3] below.”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [315]
The risk of thyroid neoplasia is greatest with exposure to low-level external radiation (0.1-25 Gy; ~0.09-30 μCi/g or 3.33-1110 Bq/g), not with the higher administered activities used to treat GD.
“The risk of thyroid neoplasia is greatest with exposure to low-level external radiation (0.1-25 Gy; *0.09-30 lCi/g or 3.33-1110 Bq/g) (314,315,352,354,357), not with the higher administered activities used to treat GD.”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [315]
Iodine deficiency and exposure to radionuclides other than RAI may have contributed to the increased risk of thyroid cancer in young children after the Chernobyl reactor explosion.
“It is also important to note that iodine deficiency and exposure to radionuclides other than RAI may have contributed to the increased risk of thyroid cancer in young children after the Chernobyl reactor explosion (315).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [315]
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- Authors
- Boice, J. D.
- Corresponding author
- Boice, John D.
- ORCID
- Boice, John D.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2006-03-01
- Volume
- 295
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1060
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2043587100
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Radioactive contamination and transfer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Keywords
- thyroid dysfunction, radiation exposure, Hiroshima survivors, Chernobyl accident, radiation-induced thyroid cancer, long-term follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Humans, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Nuclear Warfare, Radioactive Fallout, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Neoplasms, Survivors, World War II, Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
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