Thyroid Neoplasia, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Hypothyroidism in Persons Exposed to Iodine 131 From the Hanford Nuclear Site

Davis, Scott

doi:10.1001/jama.292.21.2600

Cited by 140Radioactive contamination and transferThyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentThyroid Disorders and Treatments

Thyroid Neoplasia, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Hypothyroidism in Persons Exposed to Iodine 131 From the Hanford Nuclear Site

Davis, Scott·2004·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.292.21.2600

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Approximately 740,000 Ci (2.73 x 10(16) Bq) of iodine 131 (131I) were released to the atmosphere from the Hanford Nuclear Site in Washington State from 1944 through 1957. The risk of thyroid disease resulting from prolonged environmental 131I exposure is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS) was conducted to determine if thyroid disease is increased among persons exposed as children to atmospheric releases of 131I from Hanford. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. Exposure could have occurred from December 1944 through 1957. Follow-up occurred until the time of the HTDS examination (December 1992-September 1997). Participants' thyroid radiation doses from Hanford's 131I releases were estimated from interview data regarding residence and dietary histories. SETTING: The cohort included a sample of all births from 1940 through 1946 to mothers with usual residence in 1 of 7 counties in eastern Washington State. PARTICIPANTS: Of 5199 individuals identified, 4350 were located alive and 3440 were evaluable; ie, had sufficient data for dose estimation and received an HTDS evaluation for thyroid disease, including a thyroid ultrasound, physical examination, and fine needle biopsy if required to evaluate thyroid nodularity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thyroid cancer, benign thyroid nodules, total neoplasia, any thyroid nodules, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism. RESULTS: There was no evidence of a relationship between Hanford radiation dose and the cumulative incidence of any of the outcomes. These results remained unchanged after taking into account several factors that might confound the relationship between radiation dose and the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: These results do not support the hypothesis that exposure during infancy and childhood to 131I at the dose levels (median, 97 mGy; mean, 174 mGy) and exposure circumstances experienced by our study participants increases the risk of the forms of thyroid disease evaluated in this study.

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Thyroid cancer rates were not increased among 3000 children exposed to RAI from the Hanford nuclear reactor site in an iodine-replete region.
“Notably, thyroid cancer rates were not increased among 3000 children exposed to RAI from the Hanford nuclear reactor site in an iodine-replete region (358).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [358]

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Authors: Davis, S.
Affiliations: Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
Corresponding author: Davis, Scott
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2004-12-01
Volume: 292
Issue: 21
Pages: 2600
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.21.2600
OpenAlex: W2074097740
Cited by: 140
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 12.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Radioactive contamination and transfer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Keywords: iodine-131, Hanford Site, thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, benign thyroid nodules, pediatric radiation exposure, radiation dose assessment, thyroid ultrasound, fine needle biopsy
MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Iodine Radioisotopes, Male, Middle Aged, Nuclear Energy, Power Plants, Radiation Injuries, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Thyroid Neoplasms, Thyroiditis, Autoimmune, Washington, Cohort Studies

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Thyroid Neoplasia, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Hypothyroidism in Persons Exposed to Iodine 131 From the Hanford Nuclear Site

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