Cited by 255Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthParaoxonase enzyme and polymorphismsCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

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Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-risk Populations

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Liu, Chang, Dhindsa, Devinder, Almuwaqqat, Zakaria, Ko, Yi-An, Mehta, Anurag, Alkhoder, Ayman A., Alras, Zahran, Desai, Shivang Rajan, Patel, Krishan Jignesh, Hooda, Ananya, Wehbe, Mohamad, Sperling, Laurence S., Sun, Yan V., Quyyumi, Arshed A.·2022·JAMA Cardiology

DOI 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0912PMC PMC9118072

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Abstract

Importance: Previous studies have shown lower cardiovascular risk with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. However, recent data in the general population have shown increased risk of adverse outcomes at very high HDL-C concentrations. Objective: To study the association between very high HDL-C levels (>80 mg/dL) and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to investigate the association of known HDL-C genotypes with high HDL-C level outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective, multicenter, cohort study, conducted from 2006 to present in the UK and from 2003 to present in Atlanta, Georgia, recruited patients with CAD from the UK Biobank (UKB) and the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank (EmCAB), respectively. Patients without confirmed CAD were excluded from the study. Data analyses were conducted from May 10, 2020, to April 28, 2021. Exposure: High HDL-C levels (>80 mg/dL). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was all-cause death. The secondary outcome was cardiovascular death. Results: A total of 14 478 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [5.8] years; 11 034 men [76.2%]) from the UKB and 5467 participants (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [12.3] years; 3632 men [66.4%]) from the EmCAB were included in the study. Over a median follow-up of 8.9 (IQR, 8.0-9.7) years in the UKB and 6.7 (IQR, 4.0-10.8) years in the EmCAB, a U-shaped association with outcomes was observed with higher risk in those with both low and very high HDL-C levels compared with those with midrange values. Very high HDL-C levels (>80 mg/dL) were associated with increased risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.42-2.71; P < .001) and cardiovascular death (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.09-2.68; P = .02) compared with those with HDL-C levels in the range of 40 to 60 mg/dL in the UKB after adjustment for confounding factors. These results were replicated in the EmCAB. These associations persisted after adjustment for the HDL-C genetic risk score within the UKB. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the risk of all-cause mortality in the very high HDL-C group was higher among men than women in the UKB (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.75-3.95; P < .001 vs HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.82-2.35; P = .23). Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this cohort study suggest that very high HDL-C levels are paradoxically associated with higher mortality risk in individuals with CAD. This association was independent of the common polymorphisms associated with high HDL-C levels.

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Background
ANGPTL3 is a novel HDL component that regulates HDL function
Yang, L., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Li, K., Yin, R., Zhang, L., Wang, D., Wei, L., Lang, J., Cheng, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05032-x · Cited by 13
“Moreover, a prospective, multicenter, cohort study suggested that high HDL-c levels (> 80 mg/ dL) were associated with higher mortality risk in subjects with coronary artery disease [51].”
Background
Atherogenic dyslipidaemia and residual cardiovascular risk: Understanding the link to heart disease
Girón, G. O., Otero, S., Nikolaou, P., Alcover, S., Ramos-Regalado, L., Zaragoza, C., Liberale, L., Borrell-Pagés, M., Padró, T., Suades, R., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.70167 · Cited by 12
Effects of a multicomponent training followed by a detraining period on metabolic syndrome profile of older adults
Subías-Perié, J., Navarrete‐Villanueva, D., Fernández‐García, Á. I., Moradell, A., Lozano‐Berges, G., Gesteiro, E., Pérez‐Gómez, J., Ara, I., Gómez‐Cabello, A., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., et al. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112363 · Cited by 14
The effect of Ba Duan Jin exercise intervention on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Chen, J., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Gao, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1425843 · Cited by 14
“Dyslipidemia, which is characterized by abnormal lipid profiles, can lead to various health issues such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (51–54).”
Background
The association between HDL-c levels and computed tomography-based osteosarcopenia in older adults
Wang, R., Wang, Y., Wei, Z., Wang, J., Tang, H., Gao, X., Wang, J., Zhang, C., & Chen, X. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-08059-9 · Cited by 11
Very high HDL-C levels are associated with higher mortality in patients with CAD
Fernández-Ruíz, I. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00743-4 · Cited by 11
Phosphorylated proteomics-based analysis of the effects of semaglutide on hippocampi of high-fat diet-induced-obese mice
Chen, X., Ma, L., Gan, K., Pan, X., & Chen, S. (2023) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-023-01023-y · Cited by 11
“[18] found that high levels of HDL-C were associated with high cardiovascular mortality in patients with high serum amyloid A (SAA).”
Background
Safety and efficacy of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe versus high-intensity statin monotherapy in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis
Kelly, F. A., de Moraes, F. C. A., Lôbo, A. D. O. M., Morbach, V., Leite, M. G. H. S. J., de Almeida, A. M., & Consolim‐Colombo, F. M. (2024) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.07.013 · Cited by 10
Extremely high HDL cholesterol paradoxically increases the risk of all-cause mortality in non-diabetic males from the Korean population: Korean genome and epidemiology study-health examinees (KoGES-HEXA) cohorts
Ryu, H. E., Jung, D., Heo, S.-J., Park, B., & Lee, Y. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1534524 · Cited by 10
Changes in cardiovascular risk factors among children and young adults with type 1 diabetes during the COVID ‐19 pandemic compared to previous years—Results from the German DPV registry
Eckert, A. J., Linke, S., Schwab, K., Berge, T. V. D., Schönaü, E., Duran, İ., Dost, A., Joisten, C., Bartelt, H., Braune, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.13340 · Cited by 10
“This is confirmed by a recent cohort study from the United Kingdom that identified very high HDL levels being associated with mortality in people with coronary artery disease.(33) We, therefore, assume that the elevated levels of non-HDL and RC could lead to a more atherogenic lipid profile during the COVID-19 pandemi…”
Result
Higher HDL cholesterol levels are associated with increased markers of interstitial myocardial fibrosis in the MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Chehab, O., Akl, E., Abdollahi, A., Zeitoun, R., Ambale‐Venkatesh, B., Wu, C. O., Tracy, R. P., Blumenthal, R. S., Post, W. S., Lima, J. A. C., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-46811-8 · Cited by 10
“Similar results were observed in the UK Biobank and after adjustment of HDL-C genetic risk scores 4 .”
Result
Very low HDL levels: clinical assessment and management
Bonilha, I., Luchiari, B., Nadruz, W., & Sposito, A. (2023) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000585 · Cited by 12
“The authors found a U-shaped association with higher risk in those with low and high levels of HDL-C compared with those with medium values (90).”
Background
Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, IFNγ, and high-density lipoprotein particle size: Data from the Washington, D.C. cardiovascular health and needs assessment
Ortiz-Whittingham, L. R., Baumer, Y., Pang, A. P. S., Sampson, M. L., Baez, A. S., Rose, R., Noonan, S. B., Mendez-Silva, J., Collins, B. S., Mitchell, V. M., et al. (2023) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106346 · Cited by 12
“Recent studies also suggest that very high HDL-cholesterol levels may not be cardioprotective and are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and allcause mortality risk [15, 16].”
Sex-Specific Relationships between HDL-Cholesterol Levels and 10-Year Mortality in Individuals with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study of South Koreans
Yang, H. S., Jeong, H. J., Kim, H., Lee, S., & Hur, M. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13121175 · Cited by 9
“Liu et al. [10] conducted a study on patients with coronary artery disease (N = 14,478, male 76%, mean age 62.1 years) recruited from the UK Biobank, with a median follow-up of 8.9 years.”
Influential
SGLT2 inhibition, high-density lipoprotein, and kidney function: a mendelian randomization study
Wang, Z., Wei, J., Zhao, W., Shi, R., Zhu, Y., Li, X., & Wang, D. (2024) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-024-02072-6 · Cited by 9
“Total HDL-C has been reported to have a U-shaped (or J-shaped) dose-response relationship with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population and individuals with coronary artery disease [33–35].”
Background
High ADMA Is Associated with Worse Health Profile in Heart Failure Patients Hospitalized for Episodes of Acute Decompensation
Vîlcea, A., Borta, S. M., Popețiu, R. O., Rus, L. A., Pilat, L., Nica, D. V., & Pușchiță, M. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60050813 · Cited by 10
Blood Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Apolipoproteins With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Study Among Racially Diverse Populations
Deng, K., Pan, X., Voehler, M., Cai, Q., Cai, H., Shu, X., Gupta, D. K., Lipworth, L. P., Zheng, W., & Yu, D. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.034364 · Cited by 8
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts restenosis of drug-eluting stents in patients with unstable angina pectoris
Meng, H., Zhou, X., Li, L., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-81818-9 · Cited by 8
Triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol index and future cardiovascular events in diabetic patients without known cardiovascular disease
Nakashima, R., Ikeda, S., Shinohara, K., Matsumoto, S., Yoshida, D., Ono, Y., Nakashima, H., Miyamoto, R., Matsushima, S., Kishimoto, J., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-92933-6 · Cited by 11
“…have also been suggested to be associated with increased CVD risk; however, the evidence linking HDL to increased CVD risk is not as robust as the evidence linking TG to increased CVD risk, and there are even reports suggesting that higher-than-normal levels of HDL may increase CVD risk 1,10 .”
Diabetes and Lipids: A Review and Update on Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk
Tsushima, Y., & Hatipoğlu, B. (2025) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.03.011 · Cited by 11
Atherogenic dyslipidemia and incident cardiovascular events in high-risk hypertension
Kazibwe, R., Jehopio, J., Schaich, C. L., Rikhi, R. R., Mirzai, S., Chevli, P. A., Namutebi, J. H., Chebrolu, S., O'Connor, S., Yeboah, J., et al. (2025) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2025.05.006 · Cited by 12
Association of sex hormone-binding globulin and dyslipidemia with Japanese postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study
Ichikawa, T., Okada, H., Hamaguchi, M., Hara, M., Takashima, N., Suzuki, S., Tanoue, S., Kato, Y., Nagayoshi, M., Tamura, T., et al. (2025) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02634-2 · Cited by 8
“Although low HDL cholesterol levels are known to be associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease [36], evidence also links very high HDL cholesterol levels to adverse cardiovascular outcomes [37].”
High-density lipoproteins, Part 1. Epidemiology, antiatherogenic effects, and therapies designed to increase their serum levels
Franczyk, B., Młynarska, E., Rysz-Górzyńska, M., Gluba-Brzózka, A., Rysz, J., Sheth, S., Surma, S., Banach, M., & Toth, P. P. (2025) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101068 · Cited by 10
“Various genetic and environmental factors influence HDL-C levels, yet the associations with all-cause and cardio-vascular mortality predominantly stem from non-genetic causes [93].”
Appraising associations between signature lipidomic biomarkers and digestive system cancer risk: novel evidences from a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank and Mendelian randomization analyses
Sun, Y., Cao, D.-H., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y.-H., Jia, Z.-F., Cui, Y., Li, D., Cao, X.-Y., & Jiang, J. (2024) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-024-02053-9 · Cited by 9
“Recent cohort study involving approximately 20,000 CAD individuals in the UKB and EmCAB suggested that individuals with CAD who had HDL-C levels above 80 mg/dL had higher mortality rates [41].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Establishment and validation of nomogram model for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction based on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c to apolipoprotein A1 ratio: An observational study
Zhang, K., Guo, Q.-C., Mu, N., & Liu, C.-H. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038563 · Cited by 8
“[5] Glucose metabolism abnormality results in complicated dyslipidemia.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
HDL-free cholesterol influx into macrophages and transfer to LDL correlate with HDL-free cholesterol content
Yelamanchili, D., Gillard, B. K., Gotto, A. M., Cainzos‐Achirica, M., Nasir, K., Remaley, A. T., Rosales, C., & Pownall, H. J. (2024) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100707 · Cited by 8
High Prevalence of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults From 1999-2020 - An analysis of the NHANES surveyPreprint
Tian, Z., Soltani, S., Bauersachs, J. K., Schmidt-Ott, K. M., Melk, A., & Schmidt, B. M. W. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.24303751 · Cited by 9
Association of serum Metrnl levels and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Zhou, C., Zeng, J., Gao, X., Chen, D., Zhu, Q., Feng, B., & Song, J. H. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18264 · Cited by 7
The Effects of Exercise Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Khalafi, M., Dinizadeh, F., Rosenkranz, S. K., Symonds, M. E., & Fatolahi, S. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13030246 · Cited by 7
“Some recent evidence from a large cohort study (UK Biobank) actually indicates that very high HDL levels are associated with a higher risk of mortality in participants with coronary artery disease [71].”
The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and its combination with obesity indicators as a predictor of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic individuals
Liang, J., Xie, Y., Li, P., Li, H., Li, P., Huang, Z., Liu, G., Zhong, Y., Li, B., Zhang, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22789-y · Cited by 7
“In males, HDL-C ≥ 80 mg/dL and in females, HDL-C ≥ 100 mg/ dL were associated with elevated all-cause mortality and ASCVD mortality [35, 36, 37].”
Fasting the mitochondria to prevent neurodegeneration: the role of ceramides
Valenzuela-Ahumada, L. A., Mercado-Gómez, O. F., Viveros-Contreras, R., Guevara‐Guzmán, R., & Camacho‐Morales, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1602149 · Cited by 9
HDL-C: Helpful, harmful, hopeful, or guilty by association
McLean, P., Mathew, D., Chandrasekhar, S. A., Guynn, N., Razavi, A. C., Quyyumi, A. A., Mehta, A., & Sperling, L. S. (2025) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2025.09.017 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
The pathophysiology of excess plasma-free cholesterol
Gillard, B. K., Rosales, C., Gotto, A. M., & Pownall, H. J. (2023) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000899 · Cited by 7
“Although the underlying cause of ASCVD [66 && ] mortality among patients with very high, more than 80 mg/dl, HDL-C concentrations is not known, studies in humans and mice provide clues.”
BackgroundResult
Association of HDL cholesterol with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in primary hypercholesterolemia
Bea, A. M., González-Guerrero, A., Cenarro, A., Lamíquiz-Moneo, I., Climent, E., Jarauta, E., Gracia‐Rubio, I., Benaiges, D., Laclaustra, M., Tejedor, M. T., et al. (2024) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118617 · Cited by 7
HDL Levels as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Abudouwayiti, A., Sureya, Y., Tuersun, R., Aimaier, S., Didaer, Y., Zhang, X. Y., Zheng, Y.-Y., & Mahemuti, A. (2024) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s481085 · Cited by 6
“…heart disease and found that individuals with low (<30mg/dL) or extremely high (>80mg/dL) HDL-C levels had a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death 33 ; Voight et al found that both low and high levels of HDL-C are associated with an increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.”
Background
Effects of acupuncture-related treatments on blood lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease: A comprehensive review and network meta-analysis
Cui, Y., Li, Z., Gao, P., Xu, W., & Hu, J. (2024) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103096 · Cited by 6
The Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) to HDL-C Ratio (NHHR) and Its Association with Chronic Kidney Disease in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Preliminary Study
Chen, X., Liang, M., Zhang, J., Xu, C., Chen, L., Hu, R., & Zhong, J. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071125 · Cited by 7
“However, the validity of such ratios is debated, particularly given the nonlinear effects of HDL-C and the lack of evidence supporting their superiority in guiding individual treatment decisions [20,21].”
Association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population: insights from NHANES 1999–2018
Li, S., Fu, Z., & Zhang, W. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22251-z · Cited by 6
“Previous European and US studies have reported heterogeneous results regarding high HDL cholesterol and cardiovascular mortality [9, 10], and we found a U-shaped dose-effect pattern between HDL cholesterol and death from heart disease in the general population.”
Influential
Associations between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and their ratio with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a retrospective cohort study
Chen, H., Miao, X., Hu, M., Song, Z., He, Y., Deng, J., & Leng, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1585811 · Cited by 6
Sex-dependent associations of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality risk in healthy older men and women: two prospective cohort studies
Hussain, S. M., Tonkin, A. M., Watts, G. F., Lacaze, P. A., Yu, C., Beilin, L. J., Zhou, Z., Newman, A. B., Neumann, F., Tran, C., et al. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-00904-4 · Cited by 6
“The PRS was calculated by summing all these variants weighted by reported beta coefficients in the GWAS and then converted to Z scores [11].”
HDL-replacement therapy: From traditional to emerging clinical applications
Sirtori, C. R., Cincotto, G., Castiglione, S., & Pavanello, C. (2025) · Atherosclerosis Plus · doi:10.1016/j.athplu.2025.02.001 · Cited by 6
“Given this complexity, it is not surprising that a U-shaped association has been observed between HDL-C, including its highest and lowest levels and risk of all-cause mortality [5], coronary events [17] and stroke [18].”
Optimizing Long-term Cardiovascular Risk Stratification: Integrating Biomarkers into the Very High-Risk ASCVD Definition in Asian Patients
Cheng, J., Wang, H., Song, C., Qiao, Z., Bian, X., Yin, D., Feng, L., Zhu, C., Yang, M., Gao, G., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.100965 · Cited by 6
“While these biomarkers are well-established predictors of cardio-vascular risk [20 – 22, 26 – 28], their specific relevance in VHR patients In our study, VHR patients with Hb < 12 g/dL in males, < 11 g/dL in females, hs-CRP > 3 mg/L, Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL, or HDL-C 1 mmol/L had higher CV event rates,…”
The Association of HDL2b with Metabolic Syndrome Among Normal HDL-C Populations in Southern China
Chen, T., Wu, S., Feng, L., Long, S., Liu, Y., Lu, W., Chen, W., Hong, G., Zhou, L., Wang, F., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s446859 · Cited by 6
The association between serum uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and heart failure: a cross‑sectional study
Fang, Z., Jiang, Z., Wang, X., Chen, X., & Yang, Y. (2025) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-025-05121-9 · Cited by 5
“The results of a cohort study conducted by Liu et al. suggested that very high HDL-C levels were linked to a higher risk of all-cause and cardio-vascular mortality [24].”
Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adverse outcomes in women with symptoms of ischemic heart disease
Ranasinghe, S., Cui, Y., Muhyieddeen, A., Obrutu, O., Wei, J., Gulati, M., Bittner, V., Reís, S. E., Handberg, E. M., Pepine, C. J., et al. (2024) · American Heart Journal Plus Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100376 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, a recent study examining individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) uncovered a paradoxical relationship wherein an increased mortality risk is observed in those with elevated HDL-C levels with important sex differences as evidenced by worse outcomes in men [10].”
BackgroundResult
Machine learning-based prediction model for the efficacy and safety of statins
Xiong, Y., Liu, X., Wang, Q., Zhao, L., Kong, X., Da, C., Meng, Z., Qu, L., Xia, Q., Liu, L., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1334929 · Cited by 5
Association of triglyceride-glucose index, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in generally Chinese elderly: a retrospective cohort study
Su, D., An, Z., Chen, L., Chen, X., Wu, W., Cui, Y., Cheng, Y., & Shi, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1422086 · Cited by 5

Authors: Liu, C., Dhindsa, D., Almuwaqqat, Z., Ko, Y.-A., Mehta, A., Alkhoder, A. A., Alras, Z., Desai, S. R., Patel, K. J., Hooda, A., Wehbe, M., Sperling, L. S., Sun, Y. V., & Quyyumi, A. A.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
ORCID: Liu, Chang
Dhindsa, Devinder
Almuwaqqat, Zakaria
Ko, Yi-An
Mehta, Anurag
Alkhoder, Ayman A.
Desai, Shivang Rajan
Patel, Krishan Jignesh
Sperling, Laurence S.
Sun, Yan V.
Quyyumi, Arshed A.
Venue: JAMA Cardiology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2022-07-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 7
Pages: 672
ISSN: 2380-6583 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0912
PMC: PMC9118072
OpenAlex: W4280530834
Semantic Scholar: 6d4ebe822cf6955b795923be8dc61ee482ea2dae
Cited by: 250
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 48 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 12
FWCI: 49.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: JAMA Cardiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Medical Research Council (MC_PC_17228)
National Institute on Aging (U54AG062334)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL101398, P20HL113451, P01HL086773, R61HL138657, R01HL141205, T32HL130025)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK111024)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: cholesterol, coronary artery disease, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, U-shaped relationship, genetic variants, cardiovascular risk, vulnerable populations, cardiovascular outcomes, UK Biobank
MeSH terms: Aged, Cholesterol, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies

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Association Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-risk Populations

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