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Cited by 49Global Cancer Incidence and ScreeningColorectal Cancer Screening and DetectionEconomic and Financial Impacts of Cancer

Cancer incidence and mortality across 43 cancer registries in India

Open access
National Cancer Registry Programme Investigator Group, Mathur, Prashant, Sathishkumar, Krishnan, Das, Priyanka, Santhappan, Stephen, Sankarapillai, Jayasankar, Nath, Anita, Baburao Vishwakarma, Monesh +70 more·2025·JAMA Network Open
DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.27805PMC PMC12368690
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Abstract

Importance: Cancer is a significant global health concern, with India ranking second in Asia and third in the world in terms of cancer incidence. Regular monitoring and updates on cancer statistics are vital for assessing the impact and burden of the disease and the effectiveness of cancer control measures. Objective: To measure the recent patterns and trends in cancer incidence and mortality across 43 geographic regions in India from 2015 to 2019 and to provide estimates for 2024. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from 43 population-based cancer registries across India, covering varying periods between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019. Population at-risk data were obtained from the Census of India, and findings were assessed by registry area. Data were analyzed from May 1 to December 20, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures: Number of cases, crude rates, and age-adjusted rates (per 100 000 population) for cancer incidence and mortality, estimated average annual percent change (AAPC) from time trends, and estimated cancer cases in India for 2024. Results: Incidence of 708 223 cases with 206 457 deaths from 43 population-based cancer registries were included. The lifetime risk of developing cancer in India was 11.0%, while Mizoram in the Northeastern region reported lifetime risks of 21.1% in males and 18.9% in females. The district of Aizawl reported the highest age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR) in both males (256.1; 95% CI, 245.2-267.0) and females (217.2; 95% CI, 207.6-226.7). The most common cancers were oral, lung, and prostate in males and breast, cervical, and ovarian in females. Among metropolitan cities (defined as an urban agglomeration with a population of over 1 million), Delhi had the highest overall cancer AAIR for males (146.7; 95% CI, 145.1-148.3), while Srinagar recorded the highest AAIR for lung cancer (39.5; 95% CI, 35.8-43.2). Oral cancer showed significant increases in 14 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) among males and 4 PBCRs among females; Ahmedabad Urban had an increase of 4.7% (95% CI, 2.9% to 6.6%) in males and 6.9% (95% CI, 4.1% to 9.7%) in females. The estimated AAPC in AAIR (all sites) showed a significant increase over time in Kamrup Urban in males (3.3%; 95% CI, 2.3%-4.3%) and Thiruvananthapuram Taluk in females (3.4%; 95% CI, 3.1%-3.8%). The estimated cancer incidence for 2024 was 1 562 099 cases; estimated cancer mortality, 874 404 cases. Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study highlighted significant regional disparities in cancer incidence across India and the increasing cancer burden. The findings provide key insights for policymakers to enhance resource allocation and strengthen cancer control strategies nationwide.

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Authors
National Cancer Registry Programme Investigator Group, Mathur, P., Sathishkumar, K., Das, P., Santhappan, S., Sankarapillai, J., Nath, A., Baburao Vishwakarma, M., Swaminathan, R., Pitchaimuthu, S., Deo, S. V. S., Manoharan, N., Deshmane, V., Koyande, S., Gupta, S., Budukh, A., Thejaswini, B., Vijay, C., Mathew, A., George, P. S., Balasubramanian, S., Sunilkumar, S., Pandya, S., Shah, A., Chakrabarti, J., Jatua, D., Nair, R. A., Najmi, A. M., Wani, S. Q., Gundeti, S., Majumdar, G., Debbarma, S., Thaliath, B. P., Ghosh, R., Mahantshetty, U., Fernandes, D., Pradhan, S., Khanna, D., Barmon, D., Rahman, T., Malik, R., Shrivastava, A., Langstieh, W., Jagtap, V., Zomawia, E., Chhakchhuak, L., Khuraijam, S., Laishram, R. S., Panse, N., Dulange, V., Sheikh, S. A., Dey, A. K., Gulia, A., Pahwa, V., Asthana, S., Singh, S., Bodal, V. K., Kaur, M., Gupta, A., Thakur, J. S., Dikshit, R., Kannan, R. R., Tapkire, R., Patil, S., Sarade, M., Sharma, A., Ahmed, Z., Chaturvedi, P., Singh, R., Sherpa, A. T., Pradhan, P. D., Lokhande, D., Saoba, S., Khamo, V., Hiese, K. S., Tawsik, S., Hage, N., & Jerang, K.
Affiliations
  • Indian Council of Medical Research (IN)
  • Indian Council of Medical Research, National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bengaluru, India
  • Cancer Institute (WIA) (IN)
  • DR. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IN)
  • P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre (IN)
  • Homi Bhabha National Institute (IN)
  • Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (IN)
  • Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram (IN)
  • Malabar Cancer Centre (IN)
  • Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute (IN)
  • Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute (IN)
  • Radiation Oncology, Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
  • Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
  • Tripura University (IN)
  • Medical College, Imphal, India
  • Regional Cancer Centre, Kamala Nehru Memorial Hospital, Prayagraj, India
  • Tata Memorial Hospital (IN)
  • Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (IN)
  • Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (IN)
  • Gandhi Medical College (IN)
  • State Cancer Registry Programme, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India
  • North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (IN)
  • Population-Based Cancer Registry, Mizoram, India
  • Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
  • Barshi Rural, Population Based Cancer Registry, Barshi, India
  • Silchar Medical College and Hospital (IN)
  • Population Based Cancer Registry, Patiala, India
  • Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
  • Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
  • Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University (IN)
  • Assam Medical College (IN)
  • Government of Sikkim (IN)
  • Nagaland Institute of Science and Technology, Kohima, India
  • Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Nagaland, Kohima, India
  • Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Naharlagun, India
  • Bakin Pertin General Hospital, Pasighat, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Corresponding author
Mathur, Prashant
ORCID
Venue
JAMA Network Open
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2025-08-20
Volume
8
Issue
8
Pages
e2527805
ISSN
2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.27805
PMC
PMC12368690
OpenAlex
W4413345770
Cited by
42
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 5
FWCI
17.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Indian Council of Medical Research
  • Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
  • Tata Memorial Centre
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
Keywords
cancer incidence, cancer mortality, India, cancer trends, age-adjusted incidence, oral cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer control, Mizoram, Delhi, Aizawl, Srinagar, cancer burden estimation, cancer control planning
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, India, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Registries, Incidence, Young Adult

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