The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 17 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes: A Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of childhood stimulant treatment and later substance outcomes.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this study suggests that the likelihood of substance initiation did not differ according to medication status.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
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In the paper
“The percentage of children with ADHD treated with stimulant medication (number who received medication/total number of children with ADHD) was negatively associated with pooled effect size (t = −4.25, P =.003, adjusted R2 = 89.05).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MODERATORS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results suggested comparable outcomes between children with and without cation treatment history for any substance use and abuse or dependence outcome across all substance types.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · hedged
“Across 5 types of substance (ie, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, nicotine, and nonspecific drugs) for lifetime use and abuse or dependence, results indicated that substance outcomes were comparable to those individuals who did and did not receive medication.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > Abstract > Results:
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · hedged
In the paper
“For nicotine use, after the removal of Huss,32 the effect sizes were no longer significantly heterogeneous (Q = 4.29, P =.12).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > LEAVE-ONE-OUT SENSITIVITY ANALYSES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Huss,32
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When both moderators were in the same model, only the percentage treated remained a significant predictor of between-study variance.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MODERATORS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No single study unduly influenced the OR estimates of the association between stimulant medication treatment and alcohol abuse or dependence (pooled OR estimates, 0.70–0.96; all 95% CIs included 1).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > LEAVE-ONE-OUT SENSITIVITY ANALYSES
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, as the number of years between initial assessment and the substance use follow-up assessment increased, ORs were larger (t = −4.25, P =.003, adjusted R2 = 28.91).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MODERATORS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The present findings do not support the sensitization hypothesis7,34 as an additional factor in the decision-making process in the treatment of ADHD”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“First, although the current meta-analysis improved substantially on the heuristic meta-analysis of Wilens et al,12 it is still relatively modest in terms of the number of studies included.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“These findings diverge from the only meta-analysis on this topic conducted 10 years ago in which stimulant treatment for ADHD significantly reduced later substance problems.12”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
- Probably not a substantial claim. 2
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects model estimated comparable odds of marijuana abuse or dependence for children who did vs did not receive medication (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.59−1.59; P =.87); however, significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies (Q = 15.68, P=.047).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MARIJUANA
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects meta-analysis found that children who did and did not receive medication treatment were comparable in alcohol use (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.61−1.62; P =.97), and no significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (Q = 2.82, P =.42).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > ALCOHOL
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects regression estimated that children with or without medication treatment were largely comparable to alcohol abuse or dependence (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.46−1.38; P =.42), although significant variability was seen in effect sizes (Q = 33.87, P <.001).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > ALCOHOL
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the random-effects model estimated that children who received medication treatment were comparable to children who did not receive medication treatment in the development of cocaine abuse or dependence (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.51−2.38; P =.81). No significant heterogeneity in ORs was noted (Q = 8.17, P =.23).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > COCAINE
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“When the model was reanalyzed with the study by Wilens et al36 removed, no significant heterogeneity was found, and the estimated effect was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.70−1.44), suggesting that the study by Wilens et al36 contributed to the heterogeneous pooled effect size.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > LEAVE-ONE-OUT SENSITIVITY ANALYSES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilens et al36
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects model for all studies estimated that children who received medication treatment were comparable to those who did not (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.51−1.40; P =.52), although once again significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 15.99, P =.01).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > NONSPECIFIC DRUG
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the random-effects model estimated that children with ADHD who received stimulant medication were largely comparable to children not treated with stimulant medication, although the precision of the estimate is limited (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.73−3.30; P =.26). However, there was evidence of significant heterogeneity (Q = 10.72, P =.01).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > NICOTINE
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For marijuana abuse or dependence, pooled OR estimates ranged from 0.96 to 1.23, and all 95% CIs included 1. The effect size was no longer heterogeneous (P >.05) after the individual removal of 3 studies.27,32,35”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > LEAVE-ONE-OUT SENSITIVITY ANALYSES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects model estimated that children with a history of stimulant medication treatment were comparable to those without (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.68−1.50; P =.95). No significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 1.85, P =.60).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MARIJUANA
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results were largely consistent with the above analyses, and in all cases the 95% CI included 1.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > PUBLICATION BIAS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects model for all studies estimated that children with ADHD who received stimulant medication were similar to children who did not receive stimulant medication in the likelihood of ever having used a nonspecific drug (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.88−1.82; P =.52). No significant heterogeneity was detected across the 3 studies (Q = 0.39, P =.82).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > NONSPECIFIC DRUG
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant publication bias was found for all other substance outcomes.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > PUBLICATION BIAS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“Notably, the same study36 removed during the sensitivity analysis appeared to be driving this sex effect.”
- Also stated in: § MODERATORS · plain
“When we reanalyzed the percentage of male participants without the study by Wilens et al,36 sex was no longer associated with effect size (t =−0.02, P =.99).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MODERATORS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wilens et al,36
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § MODERATORS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall random-effects model estimated that children who received stimulant medication were comparable to children who did not receive medication treatment in developing later nicotine dependence (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.90−1.99; P =.15). No significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 7.87, P =.16).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > NICOTINE
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The bias statistic from the Egger test for marijuana use had a modest association (t = −4.00, P =.06) because the largest study reported a relatively larger effect (stimulant medication treatment was associated with higher rates of ever having used marijuana) than the 3 other studies.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > PUBLICATION BIAS
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The random-effects model estimated that children treated with stimulant medication may have higher odds of having used cocaine compared with those who did not receive stimulant medication, but the precision of the estimate is limited, and the 95% CI included 1 (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 0.87−5.65; P =.10). No significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 3.27, P=.20).”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > COCAINE
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Sensitivity analysis for nonspecific drug abuse or dependence found pooled OR estimates ranged from 0.76 to 1.01, and all 95% CIs included 1. The effect sizes were no longer heterogeneous (P >.05) after the removal of one study.36”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > LEAVE-ONE-OUT SENSITIVITY ANALYSES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [36]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These results provide an important update and suggest that treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with stimulant cation neither protects nor increases the risk of later substance use disorders.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“The present findings do not support the sensitization hypothesis7,34 as an additional factor in the decision-making process in the treatment of ADHD, although, importantly, the present findings do not support the role of a protective effect for medication treatment for ADHD in both substance use initiation or substance use disorders across a number of substance types.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > Abstract > Conclusions:
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
In the paper
“Given that medication treatment may be biased toward more severe cases,45 the present findings may indeed represent a protective effect if the group treated with stimulant medication had forgone that medication and developed substance use problems at a higher rate.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the proportion of those with ADHD who received stimulant medication increased, the OR decreased significantly. In other words, studies with a smaller proportion of individuals treated with stimulant medication were more likely to have those youth meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > RESULTS > MODERATORS
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Crucially, findings from the current meta-analysis, based on a larger sample of studies (including several unpublished studies), suggest no increased or reduced risk of treatment with stimulant medication on later alcohol and substance outcomes and that this pattern was robust to all substance types.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although these efforts resulted in the addition of several studies with unpublished data, several investigators did not respond to or declined these requests.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, the inference that stimulant medication treatment is unrelated to later substance outcomes is based on correlational data. That is, in the absence of random assignment to different treatment groups (eg, with and without stimulant medication), observed group differences may reflect unmeasured confounds.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Fourth, the issue of comorbidity in ADHD is likely to be salient15 Several studies included in the meta-analysis characterized comorbidity among ADHD probands, but few compared whether substance use outcomes based on stimulant medication status differed by comorbidity status or type.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [15]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to thoroughly assess the potential role of age of medication use onset, along with other important and relevant medication-related information thoroughly (type of medication, dosages, medication discontinuation, and treatment adherence) and, importantly, current treatment status.”
§ Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcomes > DISCUSSION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, in the meta-analysis of 15 longitudinal studies by Humphreys et al. (2013), the studies on ADHD-children with and without stimulant medication showed inconsistent outcomes with positive, neutral, and negative outcomes, but overall, they had a similar risk of developing SUD later in life [55].”
From Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Substance Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, follow-up data from the Multimodal Treatment Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and a meta-analysis showed no medication associations with substance use or problems (16, 17).”
From ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At the same time, conclusions from observational studies have been constrained by the possibility of confounding from differences between patients who are and are not treated pharmacologically (i.e., confounding by indication) (16).”
From ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that stimulants did not increase the risk for alcohol (11 studies, over 1,300 participants, nicotine (6 studies, 884 participants), cocaine (7 studies, 950 participants), or cannabis abuse or dependence (9 studies, over 1,100 participants) (Humphreys et al., 2013).”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Humphreys et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that stimulants did not increase the risk for alcohol (11 studies, over 1,300 participants, nicotine (6 studies, 884 participants), cocaine (7 studies, 950 participants), or cannabis abuse or dependence (9 studies, over 1,100 participants) (Humphreys et al., 2013).”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Humphreys et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that stimulants did not increase the risk for alcohol (11 studies, over 1,300 participants, nicotine (6 studies, 884 participants), cocaine (7 studies, 950 participants), or cannabis abuse or dependence (9 studies, over 1,100 participants) (Humphreys et al., 2013).”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Humphreys et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis found that stimulants did not increase the risk for alcohol (11 studies, over 1,300 participants, nicotine (6 studies, 884 participants), cocaine (7 studies, 950 participants), or cannabis abuse or dependence (9 studies, over 1,100 participants) (Humphreys et al., 2013).”
From The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder (2021) · cites this paper as Humphreys et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, this review did not consider possible differences in ADHD-severity and comorbid CD between ADHD children that were or were not treated with stimulants.”
From Treatment of Adolescents with Concurrent Substance Use Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The overall nicotine-use Q statistic has two values
MinorThe nicotine-use results report Q = 10.72, but the sensitivity analysis calls Q = 1.55 the overall meta-analysis estimate. The latter appears to confuse the reported odds ratio, 1.55, with Q.
“However, there was evidence of significant heterogeneity (Q = 10.72, P =.01).”
“the overall estimate from the meta-analysis (Q = 1.55)”
Follow-up moderator direction conflicts with its negative t statistic
MinorThe paper says that longer follow-up was associated with larger odds ratios, but reports a negative t statistic for that moderator. For the stated direction of the association, the statistic should have the opposite sign.
“as the number of years between initial assessment and the substance use follow-up assessment increased, ORs were larger”
“(t = −4.25, P =.003, adjusted R2 = 28.91)”
Citations
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
Miech, R., Johnston, L. A., O'Malley, P., Bachman, J., Schulenberg, J., & Patrick, M. E. (2005) · doi:10.3998/2027.42/146530 · Cited by 1,771
Imaging dopamine's role in drug abuse and addiction
Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Baler, R., & Telang, F. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.05.022 · Cited by 988 · cited 1×
“Dopamine neurotransmission is featured prominently incurrentmodelsof stimulantmedication and substance use disorders.(8) Nonhuman animal studies(9,10) have implicated methylphenidate administration to a later preference for cocaine.”
BackgroundADHD Comorbidity Findings From the MTA Study: Comparing Comorbid Subgroups
JENSEN, P. S., HINSHAW, S. P., KRAEMER, H. C., LENORA, N., NEWCORN, J. H., ABIKOFF, H. B., MARCH, J. S., ARNOLD, L. E., CANTWELL, D. P., CONNERS, C. K., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200102000-00009 · Cited by 974
Greenhill, L. L., Pliszka, S., & Dulcan, M. K. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200202001-00003 · Cited by 927
Lee, S. S., Humphreys, K. L., Flory, K., Liu, R., & Glass, K. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.006 · Cited by 875 · cited 1×
“Moreover, this effect was evident for nicotine and cocaine abuse or dependence, a particularly important consideration given that these outcomes were particularly sensitive to early ADHD in a recent meta-analysis.(38) These findings diverge from the only meta-analysis on this topic conducted 10 years ago in which stim…”
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Zhang‐James, Y., Lloyd, D. R., James, M. L., Yang, L., Richards, J. B., & Faraone, S. V. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20190021 · Cited by 8
Summit, A. G., Moseley, M. C., Chaku, N., Elam, K. K., Jacobs, W., Lederer, A. M., Vaughan, E. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2024) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16716 · Cited by 10
Childhood ADHD and addictive behaviours in adolescence: a canadian sample.
Ostojic, D., Charach, A., Henderson, J. L., McAuley, T., & Crosbie, J. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 6
Slade, E., Dwoskin, L. P., Zhang, G., Talbert, J., Chen, J., Freeman, P. R., Kantak, K. M., Hankosky, E. R., Fouladvand, S., Meadows, A. L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2020.521 · Cited by 7
Obioha, O. A., & ADESMAN, A. R. (2013) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000053 · Cited by 7
The Use of Novel Stimulants in ADHD Self-Medication: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Holborn, T., Schifano, F., Smith, E., & Deluca, P. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15030292 · Cited by 6
“Despite the controversy surrounding the prescription of stimulants to those with ADHD and SUD, the evidence suggests that those left untreated experience worse outcomes [82], especially when compared to those treated early on [90].”
Clinical and Genetic Correlates of Bipolar Disorder With Childhood-Onset Attention Deficit Disorder
Núñez, N. A., Coombes, B. J., Romo‐Nava, F., Bond, D. J., Voort, J. V., Croarkin, P. E., Leibman, N. I., Gardea‐Resendez, M., Veldić, M., Betcher, H. K., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.884217 · Cited by 6
van Kernebeek, M. V., Vorspan, F., Crunelle, C., van den Brink, W., Dom, G., Moggi, F., Konstenius, M., Franck, J., Levin, F., van de Glind, G., et al. (2022) · Annales de Toxicologie Analytique · doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2022.02.001 · Cited by 4
Kantak, K. M., & Dwoskin, L. P. (2016) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.03.009 · Cited by 6
“…stance regarding protective effects of stimulant medications has shifted over the years, with the most recent meta-analysis concluding that stimulant medication in childhood neither protects against nor increases the risk of later SUD beyond that associated with ADHD alone (Humphreys et al., 2013).”
ResultIhezie, S. A., Thomas, M. M., & Dafny, N. (2019) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-018-1963-4 · Cited by 6
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Newcorn, J. H., Krone, B., Coghill, D., & Halperin, J. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42825-9_64-1 · Cited by 6
CBT for psychosis: not a ‘quasi-neuroleptic’
Byrne, R. E. (2014) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.204.6.489 · Cited by 5
Treatment of Comorbid Substance Use Disorders and ADHD in Youth
Carrellas, N. W., Wilens, T. E., & Anselmo, R. (2016) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-016-0072-y · Cited by 6
Medikamentöse Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‑/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter
Retz, W., Retz‐Junginger, P., Davydenko, S., & Rösler, M. (2020) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-020-00891-3 · Cited by 5
Chapter 47. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Wilens, T. E., & Kaminski, T. A. (2021) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615373970.kb47 · Cited by 5
Özgen, M. H., Spijkerman, R., Noack, M., Holtmann, M. H., Schellekens, A., van de Glind, G., Banaschewski, T., Barta, C., Begeman, A., Casas, M., et al. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000828 · Cited by 4
Findon, J. L., Muck, A., Tóthpál- Davison, B., & Dommett, E. J. (2025) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0317525 · Cited by 4
Prevention of Health Risk Behaviors in ADHD Youth: Is ADHD Treatment Enough?
Schoenfelder, E. N., & Kollins, S. H. (2014) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2014.22.4.1 · Cited by 5
Jaboinski, J., Cabral, J. C. C., Campos, R. C., & Barros, D. M. (2015) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0060 · Cited by 4
Hypermedia Tools Enhance Learning in ADHD Students
Fabio, R. A., & Antonietti, A. (2014) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.2014.22.4.8 · Cited by 4
Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Newcorn, J. H., Powers, L., & McAllister, S. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118654231.ch28 · Cited by 4
Family Spillover Effects of Marginal Diagnoses: The Case of ADHD
Persson, P., Qiu, X., & Rossin‐Slater, M. (2025) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.20230303 · Cited by 3
Safety and Tolerability of Medications for ADHD
Clavenna, A., & Bonati, M. R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24741-0_12 · Cited by 3
Haliday, H., Larose, M., Roebroeck, É., Clouse, F., & Ponnou, S. (2020) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2020.04.013 · Cited by 3
Correll, C. U., Starling, B. R., & Huß, M. (2021) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852921000341 · Cited by 3
Szerman, N., Carlos, P., Pinet, C., Martínez-Raga, J., Basurte, I., & Sáiz, P. A. (2022) · Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría · Cited by 4
Neurodevelopmental, Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
Dohrmann, E. H., & Schneider, B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15401-0_12 · Cited by 7
Więckiewicz, G., Stokłosa, I., Stokłosa, M., Więckiewicz, W., Gorczyca, P. W., & Gondek, T. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1184023 · Cited by 5
Amado, L., Fernández, S. J., & Ceccato, R. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.08.004 · Cited by 3
The Treatment of Adult ADHD: Complexity at Hand
Pallanti, S., & Salerno, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39051-8_19 · Cited by 3
Stimulant medication for ADHD not associated with subsequent substance use disorders
Riggs, P. (2013) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101519 · Cited by 3
Adolescent and Substance Abuse
Milin, R., & Walker, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5322-9_124 · Cited by 3
Drugs to Treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Müller-Sedgwick, U., & Sedgwick-Müller, J. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781911623465.015 · Cited by 3
Owens, J. S., Hustus, C. L., Everly, E. L., Evans, S. W., & Margherio, S. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00029-7 · Cited by 3
Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults
Rösler, M., Retz, W., & Turner, D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62059-2_254 · Cited by 3
(2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119870203.mpg005 · Cited by 3
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Newcorn, J. H., Krone, B., Coghill, D., & Halperin, J. M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_64 · Cited by 2
Methylphenidate and Its Impact on Redox Balance and Behavior
Jîtcă, G., Mehelean, I. E., Maier, A. N., & Rusz, C.-M. (2025) · Journal of Xenobiotics · doi:10.3390/jox15050157 · Cited by 2
“However, the data do not confirm that they protect or increase the risk of later use [126].”
Outcomes of untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the mental health nurse
Nicholson, T. (2018) · British Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjmh.2018.7.3.113 · Cited by 2
Adolescent Substance Misuse/Use Disorders: Characteristic Features
Olagunju, A. T., Milin, R., & Gray, K. M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_105 · Cited by 3
Psychopharmacology of Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Greydanus, D. E., Rowland, D. C., Patel, D. R., & Soares, N. S. (2021) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20210914-01 · Cited by 2
Miguel, P. M., Bronauth, L., Deniz, B. F., Confortim, H. D., de Oliveira, B. C., Molle, R. D., Silveira, P. P., & Pereira, L. O. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114071 · Cited by 2
Evidence-Based Practices for Co-occurring Addiction and Mental Illness
Yuodelis‐Flores, C., Iles-Shih, M., & Ries, R. K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10239-4_25 · Cited by 2
Rolland, B., Zimmer, L., Prunier, H., & Sescousse, G. (2024) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.002 · Cited by 2
Safety of Psychotropic Drugs in Children and Adolescents
Kaguelidou, F., & Acquaviva, É. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24741-0_13 · Cited by 2
WEINBERG, N. Z., Lopez, M. F., & Compton, W. M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-418679-8.00003-4 · Cited by 2
Cannabiskonsum zum Freizeitgebrauch
Schneider, M., Friemel, C. M., von Keller, R., Adorjan, K., Bonnet, U., Hasan, A., Hermann, D., Kambeitz, J., Koethe, D., Kraus, L., et al. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57291-7_3 · Cited by 2
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Efron, D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814180-9.00001-6 · Cited by 4
Therribout, N., van Kernebeek, M. W., Vorspan, F., Crunelle, C. L., van den Brink, W., Özgen, M. H., Spijkerman, R., Noack, M., Holtmann, M. H., Schellekens, A., et al. (2022) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2022.11.004 · Cited by 6
À l’écoute des enfants hyperactifs
Ponnou, S. (2022) · Champ social eBooks · doi:10.3917/chaso.ponno.2022.01.0011 · Cited by 1
Bommersbach, T. J., Saliba, M. T., Gilman, C. K., LeMahieu, A., Tarikogullari, I., Unlu, H., Utter, K. S., Sharma, P., Romanowicz, M., & Abulseoud, O. A. (2025) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2025.05.004 · Cited by 1
“16 24 Thus, recognition of novel early treatment approaches that could be delivered in combination with stimulants to reduce future SUDs is needed.”
Carbone, M. G., Tripodi, B., Matarese, I., Bellini, A., Rizzato, R., Tagliarini, C., Rocca, F. D., Dominicis, F. D., Maremmani, I., Perugi, G., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15072688 · Cited by 2
“In particular, the role of SUD has often been investigated in terms of treatment safety, misuse liability, or effects on substance-related outcomes, rather than as potential clinical correlates of variability in ADHD treatment response [37].”
Does Early Exposure to Stimulants Lead to Substance Use Disorders Later on?
Prousky, J. E. (2015) · Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1891/1559-4343.17.1.22 · Cited by 1
“Second, when looking at the most recent meta-analysis that was cited in this article (Humphreys et al., 2013), all but one of the included studies (Lambert, 2005) did not have follow-up durations that came close to 28 years. The Lambert (2005) study was the only study to demonstrate that PSDs during childhood increase…”
BackgroundADHD and Substance Abuse in Children and Adolescents
Sadek, J. R. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45635-5_7 · Cited by 1
School Experiences of Non-Medicated Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Steenport, N. (2019) · Cited by 1
Parsons, C. (2021) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.11.024 · Cited by 1
Kennedy, T. M., & Molina, B. S. G. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13888 · Cited by 1
ADHD Symptom Malingering and Nonmedical Drug Use in Adults
Ramachandran, S., Pavlacic, J. M., Young, J. N., & Bentley, J. P. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41709-2_11 · Cited by 1
Soyka, M., & Franke, A. G. (2017) · SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice · doi:10.1024/0939-5911/a000484 · Cited by 2
Moodiness in Patients with ADHD and Substance Use Disorders
Bukstein, O. G., & Roberto, A. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64251-2_10 · Cited by 1
Medikamentöse Therapie der ADHS bei Erwachsenen
Rösler, M., & Retz, W. (2020) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/a-0891-1940 · Cited by 1
“In einer großen Metaanalyse mit 15 Studien wurde kein Effekt der Stimulanzien auf die Entwicklung oder das Ausbleiben einer Suchterkrankung gefunden [41].”
BackgroundAdult ADHD in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Pallanti, S., & Salerno, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39051-8_16 · Cited by 1
Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults
Rösler, M., Retz, W., & Turner, D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_254-1 · Cited by 1
ADHD and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders
Hernández, M., Dambreville, N., & LEVIN, F. R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-84834-7_2 · Cited by 1
Intervention, Treatment, and Management of ADHD
Vloet, T. D., von Polier, G. G., & Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B. (2020) · doi:10.1002/9781119159322.ch33 · Cited by 1
Neurocognitive deficits in adult ADHD : preclinical and clinical studies
Tomlinson, A. (2014) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1
ADHD medication use and long-term consequences
van den Ban, E. F. (2014) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
The origins and consequences of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Chang, Z. (2013) · Figshare
Recent Progress in Psychosocial and Psychopharmacologic Treatments for ADHD
Newcorn, J. H., Ivanov, I., & Chacko, A. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-015-0030-0
Poulton, A. S. (2013) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101514
García, Y. Á. (2015) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Gill, K. E. (2013) · WakeSpace Scholarship (Wake Forest University)
Cocaïne et méthylphénidate : quelques données épidémiologiques
Roux, P. (2015) · Psychotropes · doi:10.3917/psyt.214.0041
Groenman, A. P., Oosterlaan, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., et al. (2014) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.204.6.490b
Methylphenidate and Cognitive Performance
Yechiam, E., & Agay, N. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800634-4.00068-8
Plant, C. P. (2016) · CSUSB ScholarWorks (California State University, San Bernardino)
Stimulant Medication and Substance Use Outcome
Millichap, J. G. (2013) · Pediatric Neurology Briefs · doi:10.15844/pedneurbriefs-27-8-11
Psicofarmaci in età adolescenziale
Clavenna, A., Reale, L., Piovani, D., & Bonarti, M. (2016) · RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA · doi:10.3280/rsf2016-002006 · Cited by 1
Pediatric Psychopharmacology: a Primer for the Treatment of Common Mental Health Conditions
Gleason, M. M. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s40746-017-0081-0
“The associations among substance use and stimulants suggest ADHD treatment appears to protect against cigarette smoking and does not increase other substance use risk [22, 23].”
BackgroundHere/In This Issue and There/Abstract Thinking: Does This Answer Your Question?
Rogers, C. E. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.08.007
Childhood and Adolescent Disorders
Kapalka, G. M., Brown, R. T., Curtis, D. F., Wu, T. C., & Marquez, M. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119152606.ch11
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Adults
Eddy, L. D., Hilton, D. C., Stevens, A., Sorrell, A., Mitchell, J. T., & Canu, W. H. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0070
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Cunill, R., & Cervelló, X. C. (2015) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2014.02.007 · Cited by 1
First-Year College Students with ADHD: Risk for and Correlates of Alcohol and Substance Use.
Busch, C. Z., DuPaul, G. J., Anastopoulos, A. D., Franklin, M. K., Jaffe, A. R., Stack, K. F., & Weyandt, L. L. (2019) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
Retz, W., & Rösler, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21273-4.00013-6
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter
Sobanski, E., Alm, B., & Thome, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_85
Does stimulant treatment of ADHD correlate with substance abuse later in life?
Noveloso, B. D., Price, C., & Victor, M. (2019) · Evidence-Based Practice · doi:10.1097/ebp.0000000000000218
Widinghoff, C., Berge, J., & Håkansson, A. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-021-00636-6 · Cited by 1
Basics of Psychopharmacological Management
Chan, E., Trier, K. A., & Chung, P. J. (2018) · American Academy of PediatricsItasca, IL eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610021357-23
Use of stimulants for ADHD and subsequent substance abuse
(2013) · Reactions Weekly · doi:10.1007/s40278-013-4522-7
A Biological/Genetic Perspective: The Addicted Brain
Kelly, T. H., Harvanko, A. M., Pierce, M. E., Rayapati, A. O., & Martin, C. A. (2018) · Issues in children's and families' lives · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90611-9_3
Wojtys, E. M. (2014) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738114524355
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Erwachsenenalter
Sobanski, E., Alm, B., & Thome, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_85-1 · Cited by 2
À l’écoute des enfants hyperactifs
Gonon, F. (2022) · Champ social eBooks · doi:10.3917/chaso.ponno.2022.01.0019
O’Neil, M. G., & Melton, S. T. (2019) · Journal of the California Dental Association · doi:10.1080/19424396.2019.12220764
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Döpfner, M., & Banaschewski, T. (2022) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49289-5_124-1 · Cited by 1
Ivanov, I., Krone, B., Schulz, K. P., Shaik, R., Parvaz, M. A., & Newcorn, J. H. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231219762
“Third, longitudinal studies cannot randomly assign subjects to long-term medication versus non-medication treatment due to ethical considerations, and there is inconsistent duration of exposure to medication and dose in observational studies (Humphreys et al., 2013).”
BackgroundJeun, K. J., & Al-Mamun, M. A. (2024) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-024-01324-x
“This study finding aligns with other studies that examined the relationship between stimulant use among patients with ADHD and development of various SUD (Humphreys et al., 2013; Lambert, 2005).”
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Döpfner, M., & Banaschewski, T. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_124
Ørnberg, J., Mayer, A., Dangel, O., & Ammer, R. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.2478/sjcapp-2024-0009
Metadata
- Authors
- Humphreys, K. L., Eng, T., & Lee, S. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Humphreys, Kathryn L.
- Lee, Steve S.
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-07-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 740
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6688478
- OpenAlex
- W2151244707
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 14
- FWCI
- 15.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R03AA020186)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- stimulant medication, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorders, substance abuse, substance dependence, alcohol consumption, cocaine use, cannabis use, nicotine use, iatrogenic disease, lifetime substance use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Odds Ratio, Substance-Related Disorders
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