Elbow tendinopathy and occupational biomechanical overload: A systematic review with best-evidence synthesis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evidence of an association between occupational and non-occupational exposure to biomechanical risk factors and lateral elbow tendinopathy, medial elbow tendinopathy, and olecranon bursitis. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review of the literature. We searched MEDLINE (up to November 2019) and checked the reference lists of relevant articles/reviews. We aimed to include studies where (a) the diagnosis was based on physical examination (symptoms plus clinical signs) and imaging data (if any); and (b) the exposure was evaluated with video analysis and/or direct measurements. A quality assessment of the included studies was performed along with an evaluation of the level of evidence of a causal relationship. RESULTS: We included four studies in the qualitative synthesis: two prospective cohorts and two cross-sectional studies. All the included studies investigated "lateral/medial epicondylitis", albeit the diagnosis was not supported by imaging techniques. Two cohort studies suggested that a combination of biomechanical risk factors for wrist/forearm is associated with increased risk of "lateral epicondylitis". This association was not observed in the two included cross-sectional studies. The cohort studies suggested that a Strain Index score higher than 5 or 6.1 could double the risk of "lateral epicondylitis". No association with increased risk of "medial epicondylitis" was observed. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence of a causal relationship between occupational exposure to biomechanical risk factors and lateral elbow tendinopathy. For medial elbow tendinopathy, the evidence is insufficient to support this causal relationship. No studies on olecranon bursitis and biomechanical overload were identified.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Psychosocial status, lifestyle, and occupational demands are important risk factors for elbow pain.
“Psychosocial status [9,10], lifestyle [11,12], and occupational demands (such as heavy load handling and highly repetitive movements with the wrist/hand) [11,13,14,15,16] are important risk factors.”
From Digital Rehabilitation for Elbow Pain Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
The Methods (Exposure assessment; page unavailable) identify forceful exertion and repetitive wrist/elbow movements as biomechanical exposures associated with elbow tendinopathy. But the Discussion (page unavailable) finds only limited evidence of a causal relationship for lateral elbow tendinopathy and insufficient evidence for medial elbow tendinopathy. Calling occupational demands broadly 'important risk factors' overstates that conclusion; the psychosocial and lifestyle portions of the citing sentence are assigned to other citations. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042 · see citing works
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,759 · see citing works
Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
(1991) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84695-4 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Best evidence synthesis: An intelligent alternative to meta-analysis
Slavin, R. E. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00097-a · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Prevalence and Determinants of Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis: A Population Study
Shiri, R., Viikari-Juntura, E. R. A., Varonen, H., & Heliövaara, M. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj325 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
Impact of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis: a case study
Tramèr, M. R., Reynolds, D. J. M., Moore, R. A., & McQuay, H. J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.635 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Consensus criteria for the classification of carpal tunnel syndrome in epidemiologic studies.
Rempel, D. M., Evanoff, B. A., Amadio, P. C., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.10.1447 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Criteria document for evaluating the work-relatedness of upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
Sluiter, J. K., Rest, K. M., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. H. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Sluiter, J. K., Rest, K. M., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. H. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.637 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Palmer, K. T. (2011) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqr127 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Prevalence of shoulder and upper-limb disorders among workers in the fish-processing industry.
Chiang, H. C., Ko, Y. C., Chen, S.-S., Yu, S., Wu, T.-N., & Chang, P.-Y. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1496 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Epicondylitis: Pathogenesis, Imaging, and Treatment
Walz, D. M., Newman, J. S., Konin, G. P., & Ross, G. (2010) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.301095078 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
van Rijn, R. M., Huisstede, B. M. A., Koes, B. W., & Burdorf, A. (2008) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kep013 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Surveillance case definitions for work related upper limb pain syndromes.
Harrington, J. M., Carter, J. T., Birrell, L. N., & Gompertz, D. (1998) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.55.4.264 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Lateral and medial epicondylitis: Role of occupational factors
Shiri, R., & Viikari‐Juntura, E. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.013 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Occupation and epicondylitis: a population-based study
Walker-Bone, K. E., Palmer, K. T., Reading, I., Coggon, D., & Cooper, C. C. (2011) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ker228 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Jensen, L. K. (2007) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2007.032466 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Balogh, I., Ørbæk, P., Ohlsson, K., Nordander, C., Unge, J., Winkel, J., & Hansson, G.-Å. (2003) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2003.06.001 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Evaluation and Management of Elbow Tendinopathy
Taylor, S. A., & Hannafin, J. A. (2012) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/1941738112454651 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Mallen, C. D., Chesterton, L. S., Hay, E. M., Li, Y., & 黄玉霞 (2010) · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-9742.2010.03.134 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis: literature review and development of a treatment algorithm
Baumbach, S. F., Lobo, C. M., Badyine, I., et al. (2013) · Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00402-013-1882-7 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Amin, N. H., Kumar, N. S., & Schickendantz, M. S. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-14-00145 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Physical examination of the elbow, what is the evidence? A systematic literature review
Zwerus, E. L., Somford, M. P., Maissan, F., Heisen, J., Eygendaal, D. E., & van den Bekerom, M. P. J. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096712 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Bhabra, G., Wang, A. W., Ebert, J. R., Edwards, P. K., Zheng, M., & Zheng, M. (2016) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967116670635 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Descatha, A., Albo, F., Leclerc, A., Carton, M., Godeau, D., Roquelaure, Y., Petit, A., & Aublet‐Cuvelier, A. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22874 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Faerstein, E. (2016) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00055816 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Search strings for the study of putative occupational determinants of disease
Mattioli, S., Zanardi, F., Baldasseroni, A., Schaafsma, F. G., Cooke, R. M. T., Mancini, G., Fierro, M., Santangelo, C., Farioli, A., Fucksia, S., et al. (2009) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.2008.044727 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationReilly, D., & Kamineni, S. (2015) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2015.08.032 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Olecranon bursitis: a systematic overview
Blackwell, J. R., Hay, B. A., Bolt, A. M., et al. (2014) · Shoulder & Elbow · doi:10.1177/1758573214532787 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Predictive Validity of the Strain Index in Manufacturing Facilities
Rucker, N. P., & Moore, J. S. (2002) · Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/104732202753306177 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Carpal tunnel syndrome and manual work: the OCTOPUS cohort, results of a ten-year longitudinal study
Violante, F. S., Farioli, A., Graziosi, F., et al. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3566 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of elbow pain in adults.
Kane, S. F., Lynch, J. H., & Taylor, J. C. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fan, Z. J., Silverstein, B. A., Bao, S. S., Bonauto, D. K., Howard, N. L., & Smith, C. K. (2013) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720813492327 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Physical workloads of the upper‐extremity among workers of the Colombian flower industry
Barrero, L. H., Pulido, J. A., Berrio, S., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22102 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Strain Index and TLV for HAL : Risk of lateral epicondylitis in a prospective cohort
Garg, A., Kapellusch, J. M., Hegmann, K. T., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22279 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
When Work is Related to Disease, What Establishes Evidence for a Causal Relation?
Verbeek, J. H. A. M. (2012) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.5491/shaw.2012.3.2.110 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Seidel, D. H., Ditchen, D. M., Hoehne-Hückstädt, U. M., Rieger, M. A., & Steinhilber, B. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16010130 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rollin, L., Darmoni, S. J., Caillard, J., & Gehanno, J.-F. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3082 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bachta, A., Rowicki, K., Kisiel, B. M., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181828 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pitzer, M. E., Seidenberg, P. H., & Bader, D. A. (2014) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.04.002 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Bisset, L., Coombes, B. K., & Vicenzino, B. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Predicting work‐related incidence of lateral and medial epicondylitis using the strain index
Fan, Z. J., Bao, S. S., Silverstein, B. A., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22383 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Neupane, S., Karstad, K., Hallman, D., Rugulies, R., & Holtermann, A. (2019) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01495-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lateral epicondylitis: New evidence for work relatedness
Descatha, A., Dale, A. M., Silverstein, B. A., et al. (2014) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.10.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care
Javed, M., Mustafa, S., Boyle, S., et al. (2015) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp15x687625 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Association between Epicondylitis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Pooled Occupational Cohorts
Hegmann, K. T., Thiese, M. S., Kapellusch, J. M., Merryweather, A., Bao, S. S., Silverstein, B. A., Wood, E. M., Kendall, R. W., Foster, J., Drury, D. L., et al. (2017) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1593-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
PubMed search strings for the study of agricultural workers' diseases
Mattioli, S., Gori, D., Gregori, V. D., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22252 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationSchermann, H., Karakis, I., Dolkart, O., et al. (2017) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-16-00402 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Olecranon bursitis (dart throwers' elbow)
Leach, R. E., & Wasilewski, S. A. (1979) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/036354657900700506 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
[List of occupational diseases].
(1954) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [14]Bernard BP, ed. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work‐Related Muscoloskeletal Disorders of the Neck, the Upper Limb, and Low Back. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1997.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Janela, D., Costa, F., Molinos, M., Moulder, R. G., Lains, J., Bento, V., Scheer, J. K., Yanamadala, V., Cohen, S. P., & Correia, F. D. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159198 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Curti, S., Mattioli, S., Bonfiglioli, R., Farioli, A., & Violante, F. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Curti, Stefania
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e12186-e12186
- ISSN
- 1341-9145 (ISSN-L)
- 1348-9585
- PMC
- PMC7857538
- OpenAlex
- W3127646666
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational Health (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Elbow and Forearm Trauma Treatment
- Keywords
- elbow tendinopathy, lateral epicondylitis, medial epicondylitis, olecranon bursitis, biomechanical risk factors, strain index, causality assessment
- MeSH terms
- Elbow Tendinopathy, Biomechanical Phenomena, Bursitis, Humans, Occupational Diseases, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Risk Factors, Causality, Occupational Exposure
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review