Cited by 1,079Smoking Behavior and CessationMobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsMobile Learning in Education

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Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation

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Whittaker, Robyn, McRobbie, Hayden, Bullen, Chris, Rodgers, Anthony, Gu, Yulong·2016·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd006611.pub4PMC PMC6485940

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Access to mobile phones continues to increase exponentially globally, outstripping access to fixed telephone lines, fixed computers and the Internet. Mobile phones are an appropriate and effective option for the delivery of smoking cessation support in some contexts. This review updates the evidence on the effectiveness of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions increase smoking cessation in people who smoke and want to quit. SEARCH METHODS: For the most recent update, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register in April 2015. We also searched the UK Clinical Research Network Portfolio for current projects in the UK, and the ClinicalTrials.gov register for ongoing or recently completed studies. We searched through the reference lists of identified studies and attempted to contact the authors of ongoing studies. We applied no restrictions on language or publication date. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised or quasi-randomised trials. Participants were smokers of any age who wanted to quit. Studies were those examining any type of mobile phone-based intervention for smoking cessation. This included any intervention aimed at mobile phone users, based around delivery via mobile phone, and using any functions or applications that can be used or sent via a mobile phone. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Review authors extracted information on risk of bias and methodological details using a standardised form. We considered participants who dropped out of the trials or were lost to follow-up to be smoking. We calculated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each included study. Meta-analysis of the included studies used the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method. Where meta-analysis was not possible, we presented a narrative summary and descriptive statistics. MAIN RESULTS: This updated search identified 12 studies with six-month smoking cessation outcomes, including seven studies completed since the previous review. The interventions were predominantly text messaging-based, although several paired text messaging with in-person visits or initial assessments. Two studies gave pre-paid mobile phones to low-income human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive populations - one solely for phone counselling, the other also included text messaging. One study used text messages to link to video messages. Control programmes varied widely. Studies were pooled according to outcomes - some providing measures of continuous abstinence or repeated measures of point prevalence; others only providing 7-day point prevalence abstinence. All 12 studies pooled using their most rigorous 26-week measures of abstinence provided an RR of 1.67 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.90; I(2) = 59%). Six studies verified quitting biochemically at six months (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.19). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence supports a beneficial impact of mobile phone-based smoking cessation interventions on six-month cessation outcomes. While all studies were good quality, the fact that those studies with biochemical verification of quitting status demonstrated an even higher chance of quitting further supports the positive findings. However, it should be noted that most included studies were of text message interventions in high-income countries with good tobacco control policies. Therefore, caution should be taken in generalising these results outside of this type of intervention and context.

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“Additionally, there is also a growing global trend in harnessing this technology for behavioural change, disease surveillance, prevention and control [19] as well as promoting health-related attitudes and behaviours such as weight reduction [20], physical activity [21] and smoking cessation [22, 23].”
Background
Variability and effectiveness of comparator group interventions in smoking cessation trials: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Black, N., Eisma, M. C., Viechtbauer, W., Johnston, M., West, R., Hartmann‐Boyce, J., Michie, S., & de Bruin, M. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14969 · Cited by 47
Telemedicine in Obstetrics
Kern‐Goldberger, A. R., & Srinivas, S. K. (2020) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2020.08.007 · Cited by 50
Mobile phone short message service for adherence support and care of patients with tuberculosis infection: Evidence and opportunity
Lester, R. T., Park, J., Bolten, L. M., Enjetti, A., Johnston, J. C., Schwartzman, K., Tilahun, B. C., & von Delft, A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jctube.2019.100108 · Cited by 47
Can Text Messages Increase Empathy and Prosocial Behavior? The Development and Initial Validation of Text to Connect
Konrath, S., Falk, E. B., Fuhrel-Forbis, A., Liu, M., Swain, J. E., Tolman, R. M., Cunningham, R. M., & Walton, M. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137585 · Cited by 52
A Pilot Study Testing SMS Text Delivered Scheduled Gradual Reduction to Pregnant Smokers
Pollak, K. I., Lyna, P. R., Bilheimer, A. K., Farrell, D. W., Gao, X., Swamy, G. K., & Fish, L. J. (2013) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt045 · Cited by 44
Five population-based interventions for smoking cessation: a MOST trial
Fraser, D. L., Kobinsky, K. H., Smith, S. S., Kramer, J., Theobald, W. E., & Baker, T. B. (2014) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13142-014-0278-8 · Cited by 45
Effectiveness of Peer-Support Interventions for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yuan, P., Westmaas, J. L., Thrul, J., Toussaert, S., Hilton, J. F., & White, J. S. (2023) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntad059 · Cited by 46
Just telling and selling: current limitations in the use of digital media in public health
Clar, C., Dyakova, M., Curtis, K., Dawson, C., Donnelly, P., Knifton, L., & Clarke, A. (2014) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2014.09.009 · Cited by 46
Adherence of popular smoking cessation mobile applications to evidence-based guidelines
Rajani, N. B., Weth, D., Mastellos, N., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7084-7 · Cited by 43
“Considering 6-month cessation outcomes, a systematic review showed that smokers who received support from mobile phone-based interventions were 1.7 times more likely to remain quit compared to those who did not receive such support [6].”
BackgroundInfluential
Targeted client communication via mobile devices for improving maternal, neonatal, and child health
Palmer, M. J., Henschke, N., Bergman, H., Villanueva, G., Maayan, N., Tamrat, T., Mehl, G. L., Glenton, C., Lewin, S. A., Fønhus, M. S., et al. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013679 · Cited by 45
Crush the Crave: Development and Formative Evaluation of a Smartphone App for Smoking Cessation
Baskerville, N. B., Struik, L. L., & Dash, D. (2018) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.9011 · Cited by 43
Encouraging Influenza Vaccination Among Text4baby Pregnant Women and Mothers
Jordan, E. T., Bushar, J. A., Kendrick, J. S., Johnson, P., & Wang, J. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.04.029 · Cited by 42
Exercise to Enhance Smoking Cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarette Randomized Control Trial
Harry Prapavessis, A., Jesus, S. D., Fitzgeorge, L., Faulkner, G., Maddison, R., & Batten, S. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9761-9 · Cited by 42
“tion and exercise; however, results in support of their effectiveness on long-term abstinence are equivocal [54, 55] and on long-term exercise participation are unknown [56, 57].”
Background
Developing a culturally targeted video to enhance the use of genetic counseling in Latina women at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Hurtado‐de‐Mendoza, A., Graves, K. D., Gómez‐Trillos, S., Song, M., Anderson, L., Campos, C., Carrera, P., Ostrove, N., Peshkin, B. N., Schwartz, M. D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Community Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12687-019-00423-w · Cited by 43
“These strategies may be especially beneficial for underserved populations, by facilitating access to health information (Anderson and Rainie 2015; Whittaker et al. 2012).”
Background
Cost-effectiveness of a mobile-phone text messaging intervention on type 2 diabetes—A randomized-controlled trial
Islam, S. M. S., Peiffer, R., Chow, C. K., Maddison, R., Lechner, A., Holle, R., Niessen, L. W., & Laxy, M. (2019) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2019.12.003 · Cited by 42
Mobile applications aiming to facilitate immigrants’ societal integration and overall level of integration, health and mental health. Does artificial intelligence enhance outcomes?
Drydakis, N. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106661 · Cited by 46
Text Message Interventions in Adolescent Mental Health and Addiction Services: Scoping Review
MacDougall, S., Jerrott, S., Clark, S. E., Campbell, L. A., Murphy, A. L., & Wozney, L. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/16508 · Cited by 42
Advanced Daily Prediction Model for National Suicide Numbers with Social Media Data
Lee, K. S., Lee, H., Myung, W., Song, G.-Y., Lee, K., Kim, H., Carroll, B. J., & Kim, D. K. (2018) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2017.10.15 · Cited by 42
A Review of Breast Cancer Survivorship Issues from Survivors' Perspectives
Cho, J., Jung, S., Lee, J. E., Shim, E., Kim, N. H., Kim, Z., Sohn, G., Youn, H. J., Kim, K. S., Kim, H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Breast Cancer · doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.3.189 · Cited by 41
Comparing tailored and untailored text messages for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial among adolescent and young adult smokers
Skov-Ettrup, L. S., Ringgaard, L. W., Dalum, P., Flensborg‐Madsen, T., Thygesen, L. C., & Tolstrup, J. S. (2014) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyt112 · Cited by 41
Mobile Health Initiatives to Improve Outcomes in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Urrea, B., Misra, S. K., Plante, T. B., Kelli, H. M., Misra, S., Blaha, M. J., & Martin, S. S. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-015-0417-7 · Cited by 42
A systematic review of the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among patients with tuberculosis
Whitehouse, E., Lai, J., Golub, J. E., & Farley, J. E. (2018) · Public Health Action · doi:10.5588/pha.18.0006 · Cited by 44
mHealth Interventions to Counter Noncommunicable Diseases in Developing Countries
Beratarrechea, A., Moyano, D., Irazola, V., & Rubinstein, A. (2017) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2016.08.009 · Cited by 40
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Versus Smokefree.gov for Smokers With Bipolar Disorder
Heffner, J. L., Kelly, M. M., Waxmonsky, J., Mattocks, K., Serfozo, E., Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Watson, N. L., & Ostacher, M. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz242 · Cited by 39
Use of a Text Message Program to Raise Type 2 Diabetes Risk Awareness and Promote Health Behavior Change (Part I): Assessment of Participant Reach and Adoption
Buis, L. R., Hirzel, L., Turske, S. A., Jardins, T. D., YARANDI, H. N., & Bondurant, P. G. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2928 · Cited by 44
Text to Quit China: An mHealth Smoking Cessation Trial
Augustson, E. M., Engelgau, M. M., Zhang, S., Cai, Y., Cher, W., Li, R., Jiang, Y., Lynch, K. L., & Bromberg, J. E. (2016) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.140812-quan-399 · Cited by 40
Efficacy of Mobile Phone–Delivered Smoking Cessation Interventions for Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Individuals
Vidrine, D. J., Frank-Pearce, S. G., Vidrine, J. I., Tahay, P. D., Marani, S. K., Chen, S., Yuan, Y., Cantor, S. B., & Prokhorov, A. V. (2018) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5713 · Cited by 40
Outcomes and Device Usage for Fully Automated Internet Interventions Designed for a Smartphone or Personal Computer: The MobileQuit Smoking Cessation Randomized Controlled Trial
Danaher, B. G., Tyler, M. S., Crowley, R. N., Brendryen, H., & Seeley, J. R. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/13290 · Cited by 40
Management of Crohn’s disease in smokers: Is an alternative approach necessary?
Nos, P. (2011) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i31.3567 · Cited by 40
Associations between engagement and outcomes in the SmokefreeTXT program: a growth mixture modeling analysis
Coa, K. I., Wiseman, K. P., Higgins, B., & Augustson, E. (2019) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/nty073 · Cited by 31
Engagement and abstinence among users of a smoking cessation text message program for veterans
Christofferson, D. E., Hertzberg, J. S., Beckham, J. C., Dennis, P. A., & Hamlett-Berry, K. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.016 · Cited by 33
Guided and unguided CBT for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder via the Internet and a smartphone application: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Lindner, P., Ivanova, E., Ly, K. H., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-437 · Cited by 39
Factors associated with use of automated smoking cessation interventions: findings from the eQuit study
Balmford, J., Borland, R., Benda, P., & Howard, S. (2012) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cys104 · Cited by 39
Text Message Delivered Peer Network Counseling for Adolescent Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Mason, M. J., Mennis, J. L., Way, T., Zaharakis, N. M., Campbell, L. F., Benotsch, E. G., Keyser‐Marcus, L., & King, L. (2016) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-016-0439-2 · Cited by 39
A pilot randomized controlled trial of a technology-based substance use intervention for youth exiting foster care
Braciszewski, J. M., Wernette, G. K. T., Moore, R. S., Bock, B. C., Stout, R. L., & Chamberlain, P. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.08.011 · Cited by 39
Use of gamification strategies and tactics in mobile applications for smoking cessation: a review of the UK mobile app market
Rajani, N. B., Weth, D., Mastellos, N., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027883 · Cited by 43
Real-World Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Strategies for Young and Older Adults: Findings From a Nationally Representative Cohort
Watkins, S. L., Thrul, J., Max, W. B., & Ling, P. M. (2019) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz223 · Cited by 41
Tobacco Smoking Cessation and Quitline Use Among Adults Aged ≥15 Years in 31 Countries: Findings From the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Ahluwalia, I. B., Tripp, A., Dean, A. K., Mbulo, L., Arrazola, R. A., Twentyman, E., & King, B. A. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.029 · Cited by 45
Tailoring motivational health messages for smoking cessation using an mHealth recommender system integrated with an electronic health record: a study protocol
Hors-Fraile, S., Schneider, F., Fernández-Luque, L., Luna-Perejón, F., Civit, A., Spachos, D., Bamidis, P. D., & de Vries, H. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5612-5 · Cited by 37
Non-pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Nian, T., Guo, K., Liu, W., Deng, X., Hu, X., Xu, M., Fenfen, E., Wang, Z., Song, G., Yang, K., et al. (2023) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-023-03087-z · Cited by 43
The Impact of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Review
Kopp, B. T., Ortega-García, J. A., Sadreameli, S. C., Wellmerling, J. H., Cormet‐Boyaka, E., Thompson, R., McGrath‐Morrow, S. A., & Groner, J. A. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13101003 · Cited by 37

Authors: Whittaker, R., McRobbie, H., Bullen, C., Rodgers, A., & Gu, Y.
Affiliations: University of Auckland (NZ)
Queen Mary University of London (GB)
The George Institute for Global Health (AU)
Stockton University (US)
ORCID: Whittaker, Robyn
McRobbie, Hayden
Bullen, Chris
Rodgers, Anthony
Gu, Yulong
Venue: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-04-10
Volume: 4
Pages: CD006611-CD006611
ISSN: 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
1465-1858
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006611.pub4
PMC: PMC6485940
OpenAlex: W2123622898
Cited by: 1,079
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 113 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 86
FWCI: 16.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: new_version (2019-10-22)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Mobile Learning in Education
Keywords: smoking cessation, mobile phone intervention, text messaging, low-income populations, abstinence, point prevalence, video messaging, telephone quitline, risk of bias, loss to follow-up, cost-effectiveness, implementation barriers, implementation facilitators
MeSH terms: Adult, Counseling, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Cell Phone, Text Messaging

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