The effectiveness of smartphone app-based interventions for assisting smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of premature death globally. Quitting smoking reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by 11%-34%. Smartphone app–based smoking cessation (SASC) interventions have been developed and are widely used. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of smartphone-based interventions for smoking cessation is currently equivocal. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of smartphone app–based interventions for smoking cessation. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of smartphone interventions for smoking cessation based on the Cochrane methodology. An electronic literature search was performed using the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases to identify published papers in English or Chinese (there was no time limit regarding the publication date). The outcome was the smoking abstinence rate, which was either a 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate or a continuous abstinence rate. RESULTS A total of 9 randomized controlled trials involving 12,967 adults were selected for the final analysis. The selected studies from 6 countries (the United States, Spain, France, Switzerland, Canada, and Japan) were included in the meta-analysis between 2018 and 2022. Pooled effect sizes (across all follow-up time points) revealed no difference between the smartphone app group and the comparators (standard care, SMS text messaging intervention, web-based intervention, smoking cessation counseling, or apps as placebos without real function; odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% CI 0.99-1.56, P=.06, I2=73.6%). Based on the subanalyses, 6 trials comparing smartphone app interventions to comparator interventions reported no significant differences in effectiveness (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.85-1.26, P=.74, I2=57.1%). However, the 3 trials that evaluated the combination of smartphone interventions combined with pharmacotherapy compared to pharmacotherapy alone found higher smoking abstinence rates in the combined intervention (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.38-2.33, P=.74, I2=7.4%). All SASC interventions with higher levels of adherence were significantly more effective (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.84, P<.001, I2=24.5%). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis did not support the effectiveness of delivering smartphone-based interventions alone to achieve higher smoking abstinence rates. However, the efficacy of smartphone-based interventions increased when combined with pharmacotherapy-based smoking cessation approaches. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO CRD42021267615; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=267615
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A recent systematic review and meta-analyses found no significant differences between the smartphone app group and comparators (standard care, SMS text messaging intervention, web-based intervention) in effectiveness for quitting smoking.
“a recent systematic review and meta-analyses examining the effectiveness of smartphone app–based interventions to quit smoking found no significant differences between the smartphone app group and the comparators (i.e., standard care, SMS text messaging intervention, web-based intervention) (Guo et al., 2023).”
From Evaluation of effectiveness and acceptability of a psychological treatment for smoking cessation combined with a smartphone App: A pilot study (2024) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
The available systematic reviews highlight low certainty regarding the efficacy of smoking cessation Apps.
“the available systematic reviews of the literature highlight the existence of low certainty regarding the efficacy of smoking cessation Apps.”
From Evaluation of effectiveness and acceptability of a psychological treatment for smoking cessation combined with a smartphone App: A pilot study (2024) · cites this paper as Guo et al., 2023
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- Authors
- Guo, Y.-Q., Chen, Y., Dabbs, A. D., & Wu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Ying
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2023-04-20
- Volume
- 25
- Pages
- e43242
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10160935
- OpenAlex
- W4323911764
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- China Scholarship Council
- Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, mobile application, mobile health intervention, pharmacotherapy, nicotine replacement therapy, adherence, text messaging intervention, online intervention, smoking cessation counseling, digital health interventions, tobacco control, tobacco regulation, tobacco control education
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Adult, Humans, Smoking, Health Behavior, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking Cessation, Mobile Applications
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