Guided and unguided CBT for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder via the Internet and a smartphone application: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Smartphone technology presents a novel and promising opportunity to extend the reach of psychotherapeutic interventions by moving selected parts of the therapy into the real-life situations causing distress. This randomised controlled trial will investigate the effects of a transdiagnostic, Internet-administered cognitive behavioural (iCBT) self-help program for anxiety, supplemented with a smartphone application. The effect of added therapist support will also be studied. METHODS/DESIGN: One hundred and fifty participants meeting diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder will be evenly randomised to either one of three study groups: 1, smartphone-supplemented iCBT with therapist support; 2, smartphone-supplemented iCBT without therapist support; or 3, an active waiting list control group with delayed treatment. Primary outcome measure will be the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item self-rating scale. Secondary measures include other anxiety, depression and quality of life measures. In addition to pre- and post-treatment measurements, the study includes two mid-treatment (days 24 and 48) and two follow-up assessments (12 and 36 months) to assess rapid and long-term effects. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of smartphone-supplemented iCBT for anxiety disorders. Hence, the findings from this trial will constitute great advancements in the burgeoning and promising field of smartphone-administered psychological interventions. Limitations are discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01963806.
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Smartphone applications that use reminders and instant feedback and bring psychoeducation, assignments, and assessments closer to users' everyday lives increase the accessibility and reach of effective treatment.
“Prior research has demonstrated that smartphone applications that use reminders and instant feedback and that bring psychoeducation, assignments, and assessments closer to users’ everyday lives increase the accessibility and reach of effective treatment [31].”
From ACTsmart: Guided Smartphone-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain—A Pilot Trial. (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
The Background (page not provided) describes reminders, feedback, and access to psychoeducation in everyday contexts. The Discussion (page not provided) calls smartphone-supplemented iCBT a promising way to expand treatment reach. But this is a study protocol: it presents increased reach as a possibility, not a demonstrated outcome, and does not establish increased accessibility. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Lindner, P., Ivanova, E., Ly, K. H., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Carlbring, Per
- Venue
- Trials
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 437-437
- ISSN
- 1745-6215 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3878326
- OpenAlex
- W2163729552
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 9.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Trials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DiVA (Linkoping University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet (2011-02913)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, mobile application, transdiagnostic treatment, self-help programs, therapist support, anxiety disorders, depression, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Clinical Protocols, Humans, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research Design, Social Behavior Disorders, Sweden, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Panic Disorder, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Cell Phone, Mobile Applications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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