Anomalous winter winds decrease 2014 transition zone productivity in the NE Pacific
Open accessAbstract
Wind‐driven transport from the North Pacific in winter provides nutrients to a highly productive region in the transition zone between the subarctic and subtropics. This region supports many species of fish, marine mammals, and seabirds. In winter 2013/2014, anomalous winds from the south weakened nutrient transport in the eastern North Pacific, resulting in substantial decreases in phytoplankton biomass. By January 2014, waters were warmer than usual by 3.5°C at the center of an affected area covering ~1.5 × 10 6 km 2 . South of this area, winter chlorophyll levels dropped to the lowest levels seen since the Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor satellite began taking measurements in 1997. It is anticipated that impacts will be felt in some fisheries and among migrating predators this coming year.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A recent atmospherically driven marine heatwave in the northeast Pacific during the boreal winters of 2013-2015 had significant downstream effects on North American weather, and also disrupted northeast Pacific fisheries and coastal ecosystems.
“A recent atmospherically driven marine heatwave in the northeast Pacific during the boreal winters of 2013-2015 had significant downstream effects on North American weather, and also disrupted northeast Pacific fisheries and coastal ecosystems (Bond et al. 2015; Hartman, 2015; Whitney 2015).”
From A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves (2016) · cites this paper as Whitney 2015
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts under climate change scenarios
Cheung, W. W. L., Lam, V. W. Y., Sarmiento, J. L., Kearney, K., Watson, R., & Pauly, D. (2009) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00315.x · Cited by 1,626 · see citing works
Predicted habitat shifts of Pacific top predators in a changing climate
Hazen, E. L., Jorgensen, S., Rykaczewski, R. R., Bograd, S. J., Foley, D. G., Jonsen, I. D., Shaffer, S. A., Dunne, J. P., Costa, D. P., Crowder, L. B., et al. (2013) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1686 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Ayers, J. M., and M. S. Lozier (2010), Physical controls on the seasonal migration of the North Pacific transition zone chlorophyll front, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C05001, doi:10.1029/2009JC005596. · DOI
- Block, B. A., et al. (2011), Tracking apex marine predator movements in a dynamic ocean, Nature, 475, 86-90, doi:10.1038/nature10082. · DOI
- Bograd, S. J., D. G. Foley, F. B. Schwing, C. Wilson, R. M. Laurs, J. J. Polovina, E. A. Howell, and R. E. Brainard (2004), On the seasonal and interannual migrations of the transition zone chlorophyll front, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L17204, doi:10.1029/2004GL020637. · DOI
- Cheung, W. W. L., J. L. Sarmiento, J. Dunne, T. T. Frolicher, V. Lam, M. L. Deng Palomares, R. Watson, and D. Pauly (2013), Shrinking of fishes exacerbates impacts of global ocean changes on marine ecosystems, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 254-258, doi:10.1038/nclimate1691. · DOI
- Howard, E., S. Emerson, S. Bushinsky, and C. Stump (2010), The role of net community production in air-sea carbon fluxes at the North Pacific subarctic-subtropical boundary region, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55(6), 2585-2596, doi:10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2585. · DOI
- Jaiser, R., K. Dethloff, D. Handorf, A. Rinke, and J. Cohen (2012), Impact of sea ice cover changes on the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric winter circulation, Tellus A, 64, 11,595, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.11595. · DOI
- Polovina, J. J., E. A. Howell, and M. Abecassis (2008), Ocean's least productive waters are expanding, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03618, doi:10.1029/2007GL031745. · DOI · Paper page
- Polovina, J. J., J. P. Dunne, P. A. Woodworth, and E. A. Howell (2011), Projected expansion of the subtropical biome and contraction of the temperate and equatorial upwelling biomes in the North Pacific under global warming, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 68, 986-995, doi:10.1093/icesjms/ fsq198. · DOI · Paper page
- Schwing, F. B., R. Mendelssohn, S. J. Bograd, J. E. Overland, et al. (2010), Climate change, teleconnection patterns, and regional processes forcing marine populations in the Pacific, J. Mar. Syst., 79, 245-257, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.027. · DOI
- Whitney, F. A., S. J. Bograd, and T. Ono (2013), Nutrient enrichment of the subarctic Pacific Ocean pycnocline, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 1-6, doi:10.1002/grl.50439. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves
Hobday, A. J., Alexander, L. V., Perkins, S. E., Smale, D. A., Straub, S. C., Oliver, E. C. J., Benthuysen, J. A., Burrows, M. T., Donat, M. G., Feng, M., et al. (2016) · Progress in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014 · Cited by 2,377 · see citing works
Propagation of the 2014–2016 Northeast Pacific Marine Heatwave Through the Salish Sea
Khangaonkar, T., Nugraha, A., Yun, S. K., Premathilake, L., Keister, J. E., & Bos, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.787604 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Whitney, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Whitney, Frank A.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2015-01-20
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 428-431
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2053063646
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Keywords
- phytoplankton biomass, ocean warming, Northeast Pacific, fisheries impacts, predator migration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
