Large‐scale anomalies in sea‐surface temperature and air‐sea fluxes during wind relaxation events off the United States West Coast in summer

Flynn, Kayla R.; Fewings, Melanie R.; Gotschalk, Christopher; Lombardo, Kelly

doi:10.1002/2016jc012613

Cited by 13Oceanographic and Atmospheric ProcessesClimate variability and modelsMeteorological Phenomena and Simulations

Large‐scale anomalies in sea‐surface temperature and air‐sea fluxes during wind relaxation events off the United States West Coast in summer

Flynn, Kayla R., Fewings, Melanie R., Gotschalk, Christopher, Lombardo, Kelly·2017·Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

DOI 10.1002/2016jc012613

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Abstract

In summertime along the U.S. West Coast, the winds exhibit a three‐stage cycle spanning ∼12 days. The prevailing upwelling‐favorable winds weaken (relax) or reverse off the Pacific Northwest, then reintensify, then weaken off central California. We study the sea‐surface temperature (SST) response to these “northern” and “southern” wind relaxations. (1) Satellite data indicate northern wind relaxations result in SST anomalies O(+1°C) extending ∼2000 km offshore. Surface heat flux reanalyses indicate the warm anomaly is mainly from decreased latent cooling. (2) After the winds reintensify, SST becomes anomalously cold along central and southern California. (3) During the southern wind relaxations, the cold SST anomaly persists but the SST warms with time. This warming is not driven by surface heat flux. The latent cooling is reduced, yet unlike during the northern relaxation, this change is canceled by a decrease in solar radiation due to increased cloudiness. In the region south of Point Conception, reduced southward advection of cold water and increased northward advection of warm water by the coastal countercurrent could explain the warming. Reduced Ekman pumping likely contributes to the warming trend during the southern relaxations, and reduced wind‐driven entrainment at the base of the mixed layer likely contributes to the warming during both relaxations. Whether the net surface heat flux is the main driver of SST anomalies during wind relaxation depends on the regional r…

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Correlations between wind and air-sea buoyancy flux variability vary from place to place.
“Such correlations vary from place to place (Send et al. 1987;Beardsley et al. 1998;Flynn et al. 2017;Lübbecke et al. 2019).”
From Competition between Baroclinic Instability and Ekman Transport under Varying Buoyancy Forcings in Upwelling Systems: An Idealized Analog to the Southern Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Flynn et al. 2017

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Authors: Flynn, K. R., Fewings, M. R., Gotschalk, C., & Lombardo, K.
Affiliations: Goddard Institute for Space Studies (US)
University of Connecticut (US)
University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
Corresponding author: Fewings, Melanie R.
ORCID: Flynn, Kayla R.
Fewings, Melanie R.
Gotschalk, Christopher
Lombardo, Kelly
Venue: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published: 2017-03
Volume: 122
Issue: 3
Pages: 2574-2594
ISSN: 2169-9275 (ISSN-L)
2169-9291
DOI: 10.1002/2016jc012613
OpenAlex: W2594809603
Cited by: 13
References: 73
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 1.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am (am, 371 d)
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 29 d)
Locations: Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (OCE‐1031893 and OCE‐1232779)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
Keywords: wind relaxation, sea surface temperature anomalies, air-sea heat flux, latent heat flux, coastal upwelling, California Current, Pacific Northwest, cloud cover, Ekman pumping, mixed layer entrainment

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Large‐scale anomalies in sea‐surface temperature and air‐sea fluxes during wind relaxation events off the United States West Coast in summer

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