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Evolved gas analyses of sedimentary rocks and eolian sediment in Gale Crater, Mars: Results of the Curiosity rover's sample analysis at Mars instrument from Yellowknife Bay to the Namib Dune

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Sutter, B., McAdam, A. C., Mahaffy, P. R., Ming, D. W., Edgett, K. S., Rampe, E. B., Eigenbrode, J. L., Franz, H. B. +14 more·2017·Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
DOI 10.1002/2016je005225
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Abstract

The sample analysis at Mars instrument evolved gas analyzer (SAM‐EGA) has detected evolved water, H 2, SO 2, H 2 S, NO, CO 2, CO, O 2, and HCl from two eolian sediments and nine sedimentary rocks from Gale Crater, Mars. These evolved gas detections indicate nitrates, organics, oxychlorine phase, and sulfates are widespread with phyllosilicates and carbonates occurring in select Gale Crater materials. Coevolved CO 2 (160 ± 248–2373 ± 820 μgC(CO2)/g) and CO (11 ± 3–320 ± 130 μgC(CO)/g) suggest that organic C is present in Gale Crater materials. Five samples evolved CO 2 at temperatures consistent with carbonate (0.32 ± 0.05–0.70 ± 0.1 wt % CO 3). Evolved NO amounts to 0.002 ± 0.007–0.06 ± 0.03 wt % NO 3. Evolution of O 2 suggests that oxychlorine phases (chlorate/perchlorate) (0.05 ± 0.025–1.05 ± 0.44 wt % ClO 4) are present, while SO 2 evolution indicates the presence of crystalline and/or poorly crystalline Fe and Mg sulfate and possibly sulfide. Evolved H 2 O (0.9 ± 0.3–2.5 ± 1.6 wt % H 2 O) is consistent with the presence of adsorbed water, hydrated salts, interlayer/structural water from phyllosilicates, and possible inclusion water in mineral/amorphous phases. Evolved H 2 and H 2 S suggest that reduced phases occur despite the presence of oxidized phases (nitrate, oxychlorine, sulfate, and carbonate). SAM results coupled with CheMin mineralogical and Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer elemental analyses indicate that Gale Crater sedimentary rocks have experienced a complex authigenetic/diagenetic history involving fluids with varying pH, redox, and salt composition. The inferred geochemical conditions were favorable for microbial habitability and if life ever existed, there was likely sufficient organic C to support a small microbial population.

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  • Oxychlorine species are present in martian soil and could include (per)chlorate salts and/or peroxide species; nitrates are also present.

    “Oxychlorine species are also present in martian soil and could include (per)chlorate salts (Hecht et al., 2009; Sutter et al., 2017) and/or peroxide species (Clancy et al., 2004; Crandall et al., 2017). Nitrates are also present (Stern et al., 2015).”

    From Mars global simulant MGS-1: A Rocknest-based open standard for basaltic martian regolith simulants (2019) · cites this paper as Sutter et al., 2017

  • Crystalline carbonates were not detected in Rocknest, but evolved gas analysis suggests that one or more carbonate-bearing phases is present.

    “Crystalline carbonates were not detected in Rocknest, but evolved gas analysis suggests that one or more carbonate-bearing phases is present (Sutter et al., 2017), such that a mixture could be present, or the carbonates could be poorly crystalline.”

    From Mars global simulant MGS-1: A Rocknest-based open standard for basaltic martian regolith simulants (2019) · cites this paper as Sutter et al., 2017

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Authors
Sutter, B., McAdam, A. C., Mahaffy, P. R., Ming, D. W., Edgett, K. S., Rampe, E. B., Eigenbrode, J. L., Franz, H. B., Freissinet, C., Grotzinger, J. P., Steele, A., House, C. H., Archer, P. D., Malespin, C. A., Navarro‐González, R., Stern, J. C., Bell, J. F., Calef, F. J., Gellert, R., Glavin, D. P., Thompson, L. M., & Yen, A. S.
Affiliations
  • Johnson Space Center (US)
  • Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
  • Malin Space Science Systems (United States) (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • California Institute of Technology (US)
  • Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria México City Mexico
  • School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
  • University of Guelph (CA)
  • University of New Brunswick (CA)
Corresponding author
Sutter, B.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2017-12
Volume
122
Issue
12
Pages
2574-2609
ISSN
  • 2169-9097 (ISSN-L)
  • 2169-9100
DOI
10.1002/2016je005225
OpenAlex
W2735137573
Cited by
252
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1
FWCI
13.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Planets (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA‐IN109416)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords
Gale Crater, Mars, evolved gas analysis, Curiosity rover, aeolian deposits, sedimentary rock, water on Mars, perchlorate, chlorate, sulfate minerals, phyllosilicates, carbonates, organic carbon, microbial habitability, Yellowknife Bay

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