Expressive Therapies Continuum
Open accessAbstract
Art therapy relies on diverse theoretical approaches to therapy. The expressive therapies continuum (ETC), with its emphasis on the elements specific to art therapy, namely, expression of sensations, perceptions, feelings, thoughts, and ideas in visual images using art media, offers an approach to art therapy based on the multifaceted characteristics of visual expressions. Specific to the ETC is its stepwise structure of three levels of visual information processing and expression of increasing complexity: kinesthetic/sensory (K/S) level, perceptual/affective level (P/A), and cognitive/symbolic level (C/SY). The stepwise structure of the ETC provides a conceptual framework for planning therapeutic interventions, and for reviewing the process of art therapy as expressed in images over a period of time. Specific to using the different levels of the ETC and their polarities in art therapy is the recognition of blocked information processing on specific level(s) and their integration through the use of different media.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These activities can facilitate individuals' release of energy, physical arousal, and tension, and promote relaxation for clients.
“According to related theories, these activities can facilitate individuals' release of energy, physical arousal, and tension [63]. It also promotes relaxation for clients [109].”
From "When He Feels Cold, He Goes to the Seahorse"—Blending Generative AI into Multimaterial Storymaking for Family Expressive Arts Therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The course of cognitive growth.
Bruner, J. S. (1964) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0044160 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Imagery: Current Theory, Research, and Application
Kerr, N. H., & Sheikh, A. A. (1985) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422774 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Cortex and Mind. Unifying Cognition
Jellinger, K. A. (2003) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00567.x · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Lusebrink, V. B. (2004) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2004.10129496 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationHorowitz, M. J. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 250 · see citing works
The expressive therapies continuum
Kagin, S. L., & Lusebrink, V. B. (1978) · Art Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/0090-9092(78)90031-5 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Emotional Life of Your Brain
Gomez, E. S. (2013) · The Journal of psychohistory · Cited by 185 · see citing works
What do you see? : phenomenology of therapeutic art expression
Betensky, M., & Rubin, J. A. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Imagery and Visual Expression in Therapy
Lusebrink, V. B. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0444-0 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationZurmuehlen, M., Lowenfeld, V., & Brittain, W. L. (1970) · Art Education · doi:10.2307/3191547 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Gondor, E. I. (1972) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1972.26.4.587 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Lusebrink, V. B. (2010) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2010.10129380 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationExpressive Therapies Continuum
Hinz, L. D. (2009) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203893883 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
(2016) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315716015 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC): Interdisciplinary bases of the ETC
Lusebrink, V. B., Mārtinsone, K., & Dzilna-Šilova, I. (2013) · International Journal of Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/17454832.2012.713370 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practice
Curtis, J. R. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03120110136044 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Disrupting the brain to guide plasticity and improve behavior
Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57019-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A systems oriented approach to the expressive therapies: The expressive therapies continuum
Lusebrink, V. B. (1991) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/0197-4556(91)90051-b · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychoneurotic Art. It's Function in Psychotherapy
BOND, E. D. (1954) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.110.8.638 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Psychophysiological components of imagery
Lusebrink, V. B., & McGuigan, F. J. (1989) · Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf02964538 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual Imagery: Its Psychophysiological Components and Levels of Information Processing
Lusebrink, V. B. (1987) · Imagination Cognition and Personality · doi:10.2190/q6jp-x6cw-mkah-fa0h · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Carr, R. (2008). Sensory processes and responses. In Noah Hass-Cohen & Richard Carr (Eds.), Art therapy and clinical neuroscience (pp. 43-61). London: Jessica Kingsley.
- Christian, D. (2008). The cortex: Regulation of sensory and emotional experience. In N. Hass- Cohen & R. Carr (Eds.), Art therapy and clinical neuroscience (pp. 62-75). London:
- Horowitz, M. J. (1983). Image formation and cognition (rev. ed.). New York, NY: Jason Aronson.
- Kagin, S. L. (1969). The effects of structure on the painting of retarded youth. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
- Kreitler, H., & Kreitler, S. (1972). Psychology of the arts. Durham, NC: Durham University Press.
- Lusebrink, V. B. (1974). Visual expression and creativity in psychosis. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Conference of the American Art Therapy Association, New York, NY.
- Rhyne, J. (1979). Drawings as personal constructs: A study of visual dynamics. Disserta- tion Abstracts International, 40(5), 2411B (University Microfilms International No. Tx, 375-487).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Material interaction in art therapy assessment
Pénzes, I., van Hooren, S., Dokter, D., Smeijsters, H., & Hutschemaekers, G. J. M. (2014) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2014.08.003 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Liu, D., Zhou, H., & An, P. (2024) · Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642852 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cognitive and Symbolic Aspects of Art Therapy and Similarities With Large Scale Brain Networks
Lusebrink, V. B., & Hinz, L. D. (2019) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2019.1691869 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationNan, J. K.-M., Hinz, L. D., & Lusebrink, V. B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817933-8.00009-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationClarifying the Creative level of the Expressive Therapies Continuum: A different dimension
Hinz, L. D., Rim, S.-R., & Lusebrink, V. B. (2022) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2022.101896 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationArts for the blues – a new creative psychological therapy for depression
Parsons, A., Omylinska-Thurston, J., Karkou, V., Harlow, J., Haslam, S., Hobson, J., Nair, K., Dubrow-Marshall, L., Thurston, S., & Griffin, J. (2020) · British Journal of Guidance & Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2019.1633459 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Material interaction and art product in art therapy assessment in adult mental health
Pénzes, I., van Hooren, S., Dokter, D., Smeijsters, H., & Hutschemaekers, G. J. M. (2015) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2015.1088557 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
López‐Escribano, C., Orío‐Aparicio, C., & Cao, M. L. F. (2023) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2023.102015 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A theoretical model of emotional processing in visual artmaking and art therapy
Weinfeld‐Yehoudayan, A., Czamanski‐Cohen, J., Cohen, M. W., & Weihs, K. L. (2024) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2024.102196 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Společné a rozdílné v uměleckých kreativních terapiích
Kantor, J. (2016) · doi:10.5507/pdf.16.24451244 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Intervenciones psicológicas basadas en el arte para acompañar procesos de duelo: un estado del arte
Serna, J. A. J. (2020) · Arteterapia Papeles de arteterapia y educación artística para la inclusión social · doi:10.5209/arte.64538 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Roth, A., Broder, D. G., Levy, M., Ishai, R., & Or, M. B. (2020) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2020.101727 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Art Therapy as Psychological First Aid for Korean-Ukrainian Refugees
Lee, J. S., Kim, S., & Choi, H. N. (2023) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2023.2284608 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Création de la grille DATEI pour l’évaluation et l’intervention en art-thérapie
Papadacci, M.-C. B. (2025) · NPG. Neurologie, psychiatrie, gériatrie/NPG · doi:10.1016/j.npg.2025.04.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
What Is Useful? Exploring Art Therapy Interventions When Supporting Couples With Concerns
Fjellfeldt, M., Rokka, D., & Blomdahl, C. (2026) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2025.2604712 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cultivating Emotional Wellbeing: Museums & Art Therapy
Green, J. (2019) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Utilizing Artistic Reactions in Research: Elevating Affective DataPreprint
Klingenstein, J. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3387590
Orientaciones teórico-metodológicas en arteterapia aplicadas dentro de la clínica
Orive, M. M. (2022) · Revista Perspectivas · doi:10.36631/rph.2022.04.02
Supplementary Chapter 2: Visual Vignette (B): Single Case Study
Tucker, S., & Luetz, J. M. (2025) · SpringerBriefs in criminology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85991-5_10
- Authors
- Lusebrink, V. B.
- Corresponding author
- Lusebrink, Vija B.
- Venue
- The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-11-06
- Pages
- 57-67
- OpenAlex
- W2298643090
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Conservation › Art Therapy and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Art Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- Expressive Therapies Continuum, art therapy, visual expression, art media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
