The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Everyday Language of White Racism
Abstract
The persistence of white racism -- Language in white racism: an overview -- The social life of slurs -- Gaffes: racist talk without racists -- Covert racist discourse: metaphors, mocking, and the racialization of historically Spanish-speaking populations in the United States -- Linguistic appropriation: the history of white racism is embedded in American English -- Everyday language, white racist culture, respect.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In these intimate interactions, communication is always imbued with power dynamics, which are shaped by racialized identity (Hill, 2008;Kochman, 1981) and cultural practices (Jackson, 2014, p. 217;Kubota, 2012).”
From In Pursuit of Antiracist Social Justice: Denaturalizing Whiteness in the Academic Library (2015) · cites this paper as Hill, 2008
In the citing paper
“Racism is simultaneously a social institution in its own right and a force that structures other institutions as people are put into categories, those categories are ranked, and resources are transferred from the lower-ranked to the more highly ranked categories (Hill 2008, pp. 20-21).”
From African American Archaeology, for Now (2022) · cites this paper as Hill 2008
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Undoing Appropriateness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and Language Diversity in Education.
Flores, N., & Rosa, J. (2015) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.149 · Cited by 2,829
Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective
Rosa, J., & Flores, N. (2017) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404517000562 · Cited by 1,675
Rosa, J. (2016) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12116 · Cited by 558
Gál, S., & Irvine, J. T. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108649209 · Cited by 561
SLA and the Study of Equitable Multilingualism
Ortega, L. (2019) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/modl.12525 · Cited by 444
Kubota, R. (2019) · Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1093/applin/amz033 · Cited by 427
From ‘Multi-ethnic adolescent heteroglossia’ to ‘Contemporary urban vernaculars’
Rampton, B. (2011) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2011.01.001 · Cited by 326
Should ChatGPT be biased? Challenges and risks of bias in large language models
Ferrara, E. (2023) · First Monday · doi:10.5210/fm.v28i11.13346 · Cited by 282
The Sweet Enchantment of Color-Blind Racism in Obamerica
Bonilla‐Silva, E., & Dietrich, D. R. (2011) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716210389702 · Cited by 271
How to do things with slurs: Studies in the way of derogatory words
Croom, A. M. (2013) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2013.03.008 · Cited by 252
Woolard, K. A. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118786093.iela0217 · Cited by 236
Performing blackness, forming whiteness: Linguistic minstrelsy in Hollywood film1
Bucholtz, M., & Lopez, Q. (2011) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2011.00513.x · Cited by 225
Language and Materiality in Global Capitalism
Shankar, S., & Cavanaugh, J. R. (2012) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145811 · Cited by 231
Whiteness as Technology of Affect: Implications for Educational Praxis
Leonardo, Z., & Zembylas, M. (2013) · Equity & Excellence in Education · doi:10.1080/10665684.2013.750539 · Cited by 213
Hudley, A. H. C., Mallinson, C., & Bucholtz, M. (2020) · Language · doi:10.1353/lan.2020.0074 · Cited by 212
Heritage Language Education and Identity in the United States
Leeman, J. (2015) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190514000245 · Cited by 223
The Audacity of Affect: Gender, Race, and History in Linguistic Accounts of Legitimacy and Belonging
McElhinny, B. S. (2009) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164358 · Cited by 189
Subtirelu, N. C. (2015) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404514000736 · Cited by 183
A critique of the principle of error correction as a theory of social change
Lewis, M. C. (2018) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404518000258 · Cited by 166
Pérez, R. (2013) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/0957926513482066 · Cited by 162
Racial Figleaves, the Shifting Boundaries of the Permissible, and the Rise of Donald Trump
Saul, J. M. (2017) · Philosophical Topics · doi:10.5840/philtopics201745215 · Cited by 156
Shah, N., & Coles, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/0022487119900204 · Cited by 168
Language and discrimination: Generating meaning, perceiving identities, and discriminating outcomes
Craft, J. T., Wright, K. E., Weissler, R. E., & Queen, R. M. (2020) · Annual Review of Linguistics · doi:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-011659 · Cited by 147
Introducing LangCrit: Critical Language and Race Theory
Crump, A. (2014) · Critical Inquiry in Language Studies · doi:10.1080/15427587.2014.936243 · Cited by 155
The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community
Rahman, J. (2012) · Journal of English Linguistics · doi:10.1177/0075424211414807 · Cited by 142
Rosa, J. (2015) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2015.10.007 · Cited by 138
Yoon, I. (2016) · Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education · doi:10.2458/jcrae.4898 · Cited by 136
In Pursuit of Antiracist Social Justice: Denaturalizing Whiteness in the Academic Library
Brook, F., Ellenwood, D., & Lazzaro, A. E. (2015) · Library Trends · doi:10.1353/lib.2015.0048 · Cited by 133
van Dijk, T. A. (2018) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76861-8_13 · Cited by 133
Linguistic diversity and social inclusion
Piller, I., & Takahashi, K. (2011) · International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism · doi:10.1080/13670050.2011.573062 · Cited by 132
Mendoza‐Denton, N. (2011) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01110.x · Cited by 132
Dick, H. P., & Wirtz, K. (2011) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01094.x · Cited by 122
Naseer, S., Bouckenooghe, D., Syed, F., Khan, A. K., & Qazi, S. (2019) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09623-0 · Cited by 121
(C)overt linguistic racism: Eastern-European background immigrant women in the Australian workplace
Tankosić, A., & Dovchin, S. (2021) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/14687968211005104 · Cited by 116
The Pragmatics of Qualia in Practice
Harkness, N. (2015) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030032 · Cited by 111
Rosa, J., & Flores, N. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190845995.013.3 · Cited by 111
Racism, Colorism, and Language within Their Macro Contexts
Spears, A. K. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190845995.013.5 · Cited by 105
“You Can Say I Got Desensitized to It”: How Men of Color Cope with Everyday Racism in Online Gaming
Ortiz, S. M. (2019) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1177/0731121419837588 · Cited by 102
Hodges, A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118584194.ch2 · Cited by 101
Covert Linguistic Racisms and the (Re‐)Production of White Supremacy
Kroskrity, P. V. (2021) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12307 · Cited by 100
Eberhardt, M., & Freeman, K. E. (2015) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12128 · Cited by 104
Toward an Anti‐Racist Linguistic Anthropology: An Indigenous Response to White Supremacy
Leonard, W. Y. (2021) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12319 · Cited by 99
‘Racist!’: Metapragmatic regimentation of racist discourse by Asian American youth
Reyes, A. G. (2011) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/0957926510395836 · Cited by 95
E nglish and Globalization in I ndia: The Fractal Nature of Discourse
Proctor, L. M. (2014) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12056 · Cited by 92
Wilce, J. M. (2009) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-091908-164450 · Cited by 99
Queer Linguistics as Critical Discourse Analysis
Leap, W. L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118584194.ch31 · Cited by 91
Race, SIGNS, and the Body: Towards a Theory of Racial Semiotics
Smalls, K. A. (2020) · The Oxford Handbook of Language and Race · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190845995.013.15 · Cited by 88
Lempert, M. P. (2014) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102313-030008 · Cited by 88
Making Immigrants Illegal in Small‐Town USA
Dick, H. P. (2011) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01096.x · Cited by 92
Language and Migration to the United States
Dick, H. P. (2010) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145634 · Cited by 85
Angermeyer, P. S. (2017) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404516001020 · Cited by 85
Swimming in and through whiteness: Antiracism in social studies teacher education
Hawkman, A. M. (2020) · Theory & Research in Social Education · doi:10.1080/00933104.2020.1724578 · Cited by 85
Subtirelu, N. C. (2013) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12016 · Cited by 82
Koven, M., & Marques, I. S. (2015) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404515000056 · Cited by 82
Ideologies of language and race in US media discourse about the Trayvon Martin shooting
Hodges, A. (2015) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s004740451500024x · Cited by 81
Bax, A. (2018) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12185 · Cited by 78
Making registers in politics: Circulation and ideologies of linguistic authority
Gál, S. (2019) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12374 · Cited by 78
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410 · Cited by 79
A language ideological perspective on willingness to communicate
Subtirelu, N. C. (2013) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2013.11.004 · Cited by 73
Carter, P. M. (2014) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404514000049 · Cited by 71
Securing the borders of English and Whiteness
Piller, I., Torsh, H. I., & Smith‐Khan, L. (2021) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/14687968211052610 · Cited by 71
Political Parody and the Politics of Ambivalence
Petrović, T. (2018) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100148 · Cited by 70
Gender and the discursive authority of far right politics
Gál, S. (2021) · Gender and Language · doi:10.1558/genl.19526 · Cited by 70
Cuban Performances of Blackness as the Timeless Past Still Among Us
Wirtz, K. (2011) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2011.01095.x · Cited by 68
Arciniega, L. C. (2020) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508420930341 · Cited by 74
Style, stance, and social meaning in mock white girl
Slobe, T. (2018) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s004740451800060x · Cited by 67
Lopez, Q., & Bucholtz, M. (2017) · Journal of Language and Sexuality · doi:10.1075/jls.6.1.01lop · Cited by 66
Fleming, L., & Lempert, M. P. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139342872.023 · Cited by 66
Daniels, J. R. (2018) · Journal of Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.1111/jola.12186 · Cited by 65
Irvine, J. T. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199766567-0012 · Cited by 65
Style contrasts, migration and social class
Rampton, B. (2010) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2010.08.010 · Cited by 64
The public life of white affects
Bucholtz, M. (2019) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12392 · Cited by 63
Text bite news: the metapragmatics of feature news
Hout, T. V., & Burger, P. (2017) · Text and Talk · doi:10.1515/text-2017-0015 · Cited by 61
Theorizing Linguistic Racisms from a Language Ideological Perspective
Kroskrity, P. V. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190845995.013.18 · Cited by 61
McConnell‐Ginet, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108641302 · Cited by 61
“Guys, She’s Humongous!”: Gender and Weight-Based Teasing in Adolescence
Taylor, N. L. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558410371128 · Cited by 61
Racing Left and Right: Color-Blind Racism’s Dominance across the U.S. Political Spectrum
Burke, M. A. (2017) · Sociological Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00380253.2017.1296335 · Cited by 60
Offering and hospitality in Arabic and English
Grainger, K. P., Kerkam, Z. M., Mansor, F., & Mills, S. (2015) · Journal of Politeness Research · doi:10.1515/pr-2015-0003 · Cited by 58
McNamara, T. F. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639606 · Cited by 58
Linguistic racism: Origins and implications
May, S. A. (2023) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/14687968231193072 · Cited by 57
Introduction: The Trump Era as a Linguistic Emergency
McIntosh, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108887410.001 · Cited by 56
Wirtz, K. (2013) · Comparative Studies in Society and History · doi:10.1017/s001041751300042x · Cited by 55
Kytölä, S., & Westinen, E. (2015) · Discourse Context & Media · doi:10.1016/j.dcm.2015.05.001 · Cited by 54
Introduction: “diversity talk” and its others
Faudree, P., & Schulthies, B. L. (2015) · Language & Communication · doi:10.1016/j.langcom.2015.01.004 · Cited by 54
Mobilizing Affect in the Linguistic Cyberlandscape: The R-Word Campaign
Wee, L. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137426284_9 · Cited by 53
Graham, L. R. (2011) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01299.x · Cited by 52
‘What about us?’ Gypsies, Travellers and ‘White racism’ in secondary schools in England
Bhopal, K. (2011) · International Studies in Sociology of Education · doi:10.1080/09620214.2011.640520 · Cited by 51
Who Is “Diverse”?: (In)Tolerance, Education, and Race in Hong Kong
Fleming, K. (2019) · Multilingual education · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3125-1_6 · Cited by 51
What is Happening to Our Norms Against Racist Speech?
Saul, J. M. (2019) · Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume · doi:10.1093/arisup/akz001 · Cited by 51
Identity and Dialect Performance
Christoffersen, K., & Shin, N. L. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315279732 · Cited by 54
Rethinking Language Barriers & Social Justice from a Raciolinguistic Perspective
Rosa, J., & Flores, N. (2023) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_02020 · Cited by 60
“Respeta mi idioma”: Latinx Youth Enacting Affective Agency
Ferrada, J. S., Bucholtz, M., & Corella, M. (2019) · Journal of Language Identity & Education · doi:10.1080/15348458.2019.1647784 · Cited by 52
Boye, K. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.13 · Cited by 52
Humor That Harms? Examining Racist Audio-Visual Memetic Media on TikTok During Covid-19
Matamoros-Fernández, A., Rodriguez, A., & Wikström, P. (2022) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.v10i2.5154 · Cited by 57
Uptake (un)limited: The mediatization of register shifting in US public discourse
Cole, D., & Pellicer, R. (2012) · Language in Society · doi:10.1017/s0047404512000462 · Cited by 48
Hashtagging and functional shift: Adaptation and appropriation of the #
Heyd, T., & Puschmann, C. (2016) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2016.12.004 · Cited by 48
The Effects of Gendered Immigration Enforcement on Middle Childhood and Schooling
Gallo, S. (2014) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831214534881 · Cited by 48
Whitehead, K. A. (2020) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272519897595 · Cited by 47
Towards Communicative Justice in Health
Briggs, C. L. (2017) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2017.1299721 · Cited by 44
Evidentiality in Nakh-Daghestanian Languages
Forker, D. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198759515.013.23 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, J. H.
- Corresponding author
- Hill, Jane H.
- ORCID
- Hill, Jane H.
- Venue
- Wiley eBooks
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-10-10
- OpenAlex
- W4205952596
- Cited by
- 909
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 110 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 29.38
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wiley eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Cultural and political discourse analysis
- Social Sciences › Communication › Swearing, Euphemism, Multilingualism
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Keywords
- white racism, racist language, slurs, language appropriation, American English, everyday language, respect
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
