The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Unanswered questions: A preliminary investigation of personality and individual difference predictors of 9/11 conspiracist beliefs
Abstract
Abstract Given the widespread appeal of conspiratorial beliefs, it is surprising that very little empirical research has examined the psychological variables associated with such beliefs. In the present study, we examined individual and demographic predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories concerning the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks on the World Trade Centre and Pentagon among a representative British sample of 254 women and men. Results of structural equation modelling showed that 9/11 conspiracist beliefs were positively associated with belief in other conspiracy theories, exposure to 9/11 conspiracist ideas, political cynicism, defiance of authority and the Big Five personality factor of Agreeableness. In total, a model including demographics, personality and individual difference variables explained over 50% of the variance in 9/11 conspiracist ideas. The implications of these findings for the literature on conspiracy theories are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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“Conspiracy theory beliefs are linked to political alienation and cynicism [10-12]”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“by challenging official narratives conspiracy theories can actually undermine people's trust in broader societal structures [cf.56] leading to alienation and anomie [10-12, 57, 58] which in turn is linked to non-normative political activism [17**,18].”
From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“People who endorse one conspiracy are known to be likely to also endorse multiple others”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“conspiracist ideation has been found to be associated with stable personality variables, such as a subset of the ‘Big Five’ [45] or paranoid ideation and schizotypy [47]”
From The Role of Conspiracist Ideation and Worldviews in Predicting Rejection of Science (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
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“Besides, people may believe in conspiracies, in part, because they do not engage in analytical thinking (Binnendyk & Pennycook, 2022; Swami et al., 2010) and repeating the same information has been found to increase the perceived truth of conspiracy theories (Béna et al., 2023).”
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“Designed to capture belief in specific conspiracies that would “be recognized by an international audience” (Swami et al., 2011), the BCTI was created initially by Swami et al. (2010) study examining the precursors of 9/11 conspiracy beliefs.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Swami, V., Chamorro‐Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A.
- Affiliations
- HELP University (MY)
- Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Swami, Viren
- Venue
- Applied Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-05-15
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 749-761
- ISSN
- 0888-4080 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0720
- OpenAlex
- W2142313870
- Cited by
- 499
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 18.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Cognitive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- conspiracy theories, September 11 attacks, conspiracy beliefs, personality, individual differences, political cynicism, agreeableness, Big Five personality traits, demographic predictors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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