The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stretchable Capacitive Sensors of Torsion, Strain, and Touch Using Double Helix Liquid Metal Fibers
Abstract
Soft and stretchable sensors have the potential to be incorporated into soft robotics and conformal electronics. Liquid metals represent a promising class of materials for creating these sensors because they can undergo large deformations while retaining electrical continuity. Incorporating liquid metal into hollow elastomeric capillaries results in fibers that can integrate with textiles, comply with complex surfaces, and be mass produced at high speeds. Liquid metal is injected into the core of hollow and extremely stretchable elastomeric fibers and the resulting fibers are intertwined into a helix to fabricate capacitive sensors of torsion, strain, and touch. Twisting or elongating the fibers changes the geometry and, thus, the capacitance between the fibers in a predictable way. These sensors offer a simple mechanism to measure torsion up to 800 rad m−1—two orders of magnitude higher than current torsion sensors. These intertwined fibers can also sense strain capacitively. In a complementary embodiment, the fibers are injected with different lengths of liquid metal to create sensors capable of distinguishing touch along the length of a small bundle of fibers via self‐capacitance. The three capacitive‐based modes of sensing described here may enable new sensing applications that employ the unique attributes of stretchable fibers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2020) · Electromagnetic Processes · doi:10.2307/j.ctv131bv37.5 · Cited by 21,966
Design, fabrication and control of soft robots
Rus, D., & Tolley, M. T. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14543 · Cited by 5,825
Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis
Gao, W., Emaminejad, S., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Challa, S., Chen, K., Peck, A., Fahad, H. M., Ota, H., Shiraki, H., Kiriya, D., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16521 · Cited by 5,087
Kim, D.-H., Lu, N., Ma, R., Kim, Y.-S., Kim, R.-H., Wang, S., Wu, J., Won, S. M., Tao, H., Islam, A., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206157 · Cited by 4,836
A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection
Yamada, T., Hayamizu, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yomogida, Y., Izadi-Najafabadi, A., Futaba, D. N., & Hata, K. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.36 · Cited by 3,247
Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
Lipomi, D. J., Vosgueritchian, M., Tee, B. C.-K., Hellstrom, S. L., Lee, J. A., Fox, C. H., & Bao, Z. (2011) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.184 · Cited by 3,188
Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Silver Nanowire–Elastomer Nanocomposite
Amjadi, M., Pichitpajongkit, A., Lee, S., Ryu, S., & Park, I. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn501204t · Cited by 2,350
A wearable and highly sensitive pressure sensor with ultrathin gold nanowires
Gong, S., Schwalb, W., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Tang, Y., Si, J., Shirinzadeh, B., & Cheng, W. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4132 · Cited by 2,064
Fiber‐Based Wearable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications
Zeng, W., Shu, L., Li, Q., Chen, S., Wang, F., & Tao, X. (2014) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201400633 · Cited by 2,019
Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors
Lee, B. (2003) · Optical Fiber Technology · doi:10.1016/s1068-5200(02)00527-8 · Cited by 1,736
Cited by
Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Ray, T. R., Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Krishnan, S., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00573 · Cited by 1,350
Whitesides, G. M. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201800907 · Cited by 850
Stretchable and suturable fibre sensors for wireless monitoring of connective tissue strain
Lee, J., Ihle, S. J., Pellegrino, G. S., Kim, H., Yea, J., Jeon, C.-Y., Son, H.-C., Jin, C., Eberli, D., Schmid, F., et al. (2021) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-021-00557-1 · Cited by 253
Herbert, R., Kim, J.-H., Kim, Y., Lee, H., & Yeo, W.-H. (2018) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma11020187 · Cited by 220
Stretch, sense, and innovate: Advances in next-generation strain sensors
Maji, A., Kuila, C., Murmu, N. C., & Kuila, T. (2025) · Composites Part B: Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112749 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Cooper, C. B., Arutselvan, K., Liu, Y., Armstrong, D., Lin, Y., Khan, M. R., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D.
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-03-23
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 20
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W2598321784
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 49
- FWCI
- 14.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Stretchable Capacitive Sensors of Torsion, Strain, and Touch Using Double Helix Liquid Metal Fibers. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/adfm.201605630
- The paper
- Cooper, C. B., Arutselvan, K., Liu, Y., Armstrong, D., Lin, Y., Khan, M. R., Genzer, J., & Dickey, M. D. (2017). Stretchable Capacitive Sensors of Torsion, Strain, and Touch Using Double Helix Liquid Metal Fibers. Advanced Functional Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201605630
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
