Bio-Integrated Wearable Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Bio-integrated wearable systems can measure a broad range of biophysical, biochemical, and environmental signals to provide critical insights into overall health status and to quantify human performance. Recent advances in material science, chemical analysis techniques, device designs, and assembly methods form the foundations for a uniquely differentiated type of wearable technology, characterized by noninvasive, intimate integration with the soft, curved, time-dynamic surfaces of the body. This review summarizes the latest advances in this emerging field of "bio-integrated" technologies in a comprehensive manner that connects fundamental developments in chemistry, material science, and engineering with sensing technologies that have the potential for widespread deployment and societal benefit in human health care. An introduction to the chemistries and materials for the active components of these systems contextualizes essential design considerations for sensors and associated platforms that appear in following sections. The subsequent content highlights the most advanced biosensors, classified according to their ability to capture biophysical, biochemical, and environmental information. Additional sections feature schemes for electrically powering these sensors and strategies for achieving fully integrated, wireless systems. The review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges and a summary of opportunities where advances in materials chemistry will be critically important for continued progress.
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The first generation of biointegrated sensors can track biophysical signals, such as cardiac rhythms, breathing, temperature and motion.
“The first generation of biointegrated sensors can track biophysical signals, such as cardiac rhythms, breathing, temperature and motion 3 .”
From Skin sensors are the future of health care (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Ray, T. R., Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Krishnan, S., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Ghaffari, R., & Rogers, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rogers, John A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-01-28
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 5461-5533
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W2911737149
- Semantic Scholar
- 79921243ea8903950b99c6bd744953eeda12db76
- Cited by
- 1,350
- References
- 852
- Citations by year
- 2026: 196 · 2025: 185 · 2024: 162 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 203 · 2020: 145 · 2019: 61
- FWCI
- 12.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- wearable sensors, biosensors, flexible electronics, non-invasive monitoring, human health monitoring, wireless power transfer, wireless communication, environmental sensing, materials chemistry, sensor design
- MeSH terms
- Materials Science, Wearable Electronic Devices, Humans, Biosensing Techniques
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