Integrating PGM‐Free Catalysts into Catalyst Layers and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Devices
Abstract
While proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) continue to expand into commercial markets, there is still pressure to decrease cost. One of the largest opportunities to reducing cost is to reduce the amount of platinum‐group metal (PGM) catalysts used in the electrodes (particularly the cathode). Over the past decade, exciting advances in the Fe/N/C family of PGM‐free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts has provided great optimism that not only can PGMs at the cathode be reduced but possibly be completely eliminated. In fact, in September 2017, Ballard Power Systems announced the commercialization of the world's first PEMFC product to utilize a PGM‐free catalyst at the cathode (FCgen‐micro (non‐precious‐metal catalyst, NPMC)). However, for these catalysts to be used in more demanding applications, an improved understanding and new design approaches for PGM‐free catalyst layers will be required. Herein, some of the latest research on both modeling and experimental studies in the field of PGM‐free catalyst layer research are discussed. In addition, a short discussion on Ballard's new NPMC is provided.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Once Pt loading is decreased, the number of available active sites is also decreased, thus leading to severe performance loss.
“However, once Pt loading is decreased, the number of available active sites is also decreased, thus leading to severe performance loss [238,239].”
From Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2023) · cites this paper as [238]
Cites
High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Derived from Polyaniline, Iron, and Cobalt
Wu, G., More, K. L., Johnston, C. M., & Zelenay, P. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1200832 · Cited by 3,984 · see citing works
Iron-Based Catalysts with Improved Oxygen Reduction Activity in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Lefèvre, M., Proietti, E., Jaouen, F., & Dodelet, J. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1170051 · Cited by 3,139 · see citing works
Zitolo, A., Goellner, V., Armel, V., Sougrati, M. T., Mineva, T., Stievano, L., Fonda, E., & Jaouen, F. (2015) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4367 · Cited by 2,130 · see citing works
A New Fuel Cell Cathode Catalyst
Jasinski, R. J. (1964) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2011212a0 · Cited by 1,944 · see citing works
A review on non-precious metal electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells
Chen, Z., Higgins, D. C., Yu, A., Zhang, L., & Zhang, J. J. (2011) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c0ee00558d · Cited by 1,833 · see citing works
Direct atomic-level insight into the active sites of a high-performance PGM-free ORR catalyst
Chung, H. T., Cullen, D. A., Higgins, D. C., Sneed, B. T., Holby, E. F., More, K. L., & Zelenay, P. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan2255 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Hwang, S., Wang, M., Feng, Z., Karakalos, S., Luo, L., Qiao, Z., Xie, X., Wang, C., Su, D., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.7b06514 · Cited by 1,527 · see citing works
Iron-based cathode catalyst with enhanced power density in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Proietti, E., Jaouen, F., Lefèvre, M., Larouche, N., Tian, J., Herranz, J. S., & Dodelet, J. (2011) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1427 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Boosting Fuel Cell Performance with Accessible Carbon Mesopores
Yarlagadda, V., Carpenter, M. K., Moylan, T. E., Kukreja, R. S., Koestner, R., Gu, W., Thompson, L., & Kongkanand, A. (2018) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00186 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile-based catalysts for oxygen electroreduction
Gupta, S., Tryk, D. A., Bae, I. T., Aldred, W., & Yeager, E. B. (1989) · Journal of Applied Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/bf01039385 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Electrocatalytic Corrosion of Carbon Support in PEMFC Cathodes
Roen, L. M., Paik, C. H., & Jarvi, T. D. (2003) · Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters · doi:10.1149/1.1630412 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Banham, D., & Ye, S. (2017) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00644 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Self-citationSahraie, N. R., Kramm, U. I., Steinberg, J., Zhang, Y., Thomas, A., Reier, T., Paraknowitsch, J. P., & Strasser, P. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms9618 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
In situ electrochemical quantification of active sites in Fe–N/C non-precious metal catalysts
Malko, D., Kucernak, A., & Lopes, T. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13285 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Banham, D., Ye, S., Pei, K. L., Ozaki, J., Kishimoto, T., & Imashiro, Y. (2015) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.047 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Self-citationA decade of global volcanic SO2 emissions measured from space
Carn, S., Fioletov, V., McLinden, C. A., Li, C., & Krotkov, N. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44095 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Organic dyestuffs as catalysts for fuel cells
Jahnke, H., Schönborn, M., & Zimmermann, G. (2006) · Topics in Current Chemistry · doi:10.1007/bfb0046059 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Shui, J., Chen, C., Grabstanowicz, L. R., Zhao, D., & Liu, D. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1507159112 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Cheon, J. Y., Kim, T. Y., Choi, Y., Jeong, H. Y., Kim, M. G., Jin, Y., Kim, J., Lee, Z., Yang, T., Kwon, K., et al. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02715 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Murphy, M. W., Baker, D. R., Gu, W., Ji, C., Jorné, J., & Gasteiger, H. A. (2009) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3143965 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Zhang, G., Chenitz, R., Lefèvre, M., Sun, S., & Dodelet, J. (2016) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.02.038 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Banham, D., Kishimoto, T., Zhou, Y., Sato, T., Bai, K., Ozaki, J.-I., Imashiro, Y., & Ye, S. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar7180 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationFu, X., Zamani, P., Choi, J., Hassan, F. M. B., Jiang, G., Higgins, D. C., Zhang, Y., Hoque, M. A., & Chen, Z. (2016) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201604456 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citationAchieving High-Power PEM Fuel Cell Performance with an Ultralow-Pt-Content Core–Shell Catalyst
Kongkanand, A., Subramanian, N. P., Yu, Y., Liu, Z., Igarashi, H., & Muller, D. A. (2016) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.5b02819 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Structure of Fe–N x –C Defects in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts from First-Principles Modeling
Holby, E. F., Wu, G., Zelenay, P., & Taylor, C. D. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp503266h · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Martinez, U., Babu, S. K., Holby, E. F., & Zelenay, P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Electrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2018.04.010 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Progress in non-precious metal oxide-based cathode for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Ishihara, A., Ohgi, Y., Matsuzawa, K., Mitsushima, S., & Ota, K. (2010) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.002 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Toward Platinum Group Metal-Free Catalysts for Hydrogen/Air Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Jaouen, F., Jones, D. J., Coutard, N., Artero, V., Strasser, P., & Kucernak, A. R. (2018) · Johnson Matthey Technology Review · doi:10.1595/205651318x696828 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Influence of ionomer content on the structure and performance of PEFC membrane electrode assemblies
Xie, J., Xu, F., Wood, D. L., More, K. L., Zawodzinski, T. A., & Smith, W. H. (2010) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.067 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Babu, S. K., Chung, H. T., Zelenay, P., & Litster, S. (2016) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6b08844 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Highly stable precious metal-free cathode catalyst for fuel cell application
Serov, A., Workman, M. J., Artyushkova, K., Atanassov, P. B., McCool, G., McKinney, S. E., Romero, H., Halevi, B., & Stephenson, T. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.087 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
PGM-free Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Catalyst layer design
Stariha, S. A., Artyushkova, K., Workman, M. J., Serov, A., McKinney, S. E., Halevi, B., & Atanassov, P. B. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.098 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kneebone, J. L., Daifuku, S. L., Kehl, J. A., Wu, G., Chung, H. T., Hu, M. Y., Alp, E. E., More, K. L., Zelenay, P., Holby, E. F., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b03779 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Serov, A., Shum, A. D., Xiao, X., Andrade, V. D., Artyushkova, K., Zenyuk, I. V., & Atanassov, P. B. (2017) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.08.067 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The intriguing poison tolerance of non-precious metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts
Malko, D., Lopes, T., Symianakis, E., & Kucernak, A. R. (2015) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c5ta05794a · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Malko, D., Lopes, T., Ticianelli, E. A., & Kucernak, A. R. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.035 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Banham, D., Kishimoto, T., Sato, T., Kobayashi, Y., Narizuka, K., Ozaki, J., Zhou, Y., Marquez, E., Bai, K., & Ye, S. (2017) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.01.086 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of Ionomer/Carbon Ratio on the Performance of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Eguchi, M., Baba, K., Onuma, T., Kazuma, Y., Iwasawa, K., Kobayashi, Y., Uno, K., Komatsu, K., Kobori, M., Nishitani‐Gamo, M., et al. (2012) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym4041645 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Babu, S. K., Chung, H. T., Zelenay, P., & Litster, S. (2017) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0041712jes · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of MEA Fabrication and Ionomer Composition on Fuel Cell Performance of PGM-Free ORR Catalyst
Yin, X., Lin, L., Chung, H. T., Babu, S. K., Martinez, U., Purdy, G. M., & Zelenay, P. (2017) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/07711.1273ecst · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Reshetenko, T. V., Serov, A., Artyushkova, K., Matanović, I., Stariha, S. A., & Atanassov, P. B. (2016) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.090 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Non-PGM membrane electrode assemblies: Optimization for performance
Stariha, S. A., Artyushkova, K., Serov, A., & Atanassov, P. B. (2015) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.185 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Jin, Y., Woo, J., & Joo, S. H. (2018) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-018-0935-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Babu, S. K., Chung, H. T., Wu, G., Zelenay, P., & Litster, S. (2014) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/06403.0281ecst · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Artyushkova, K., Habel-Rodriguez, D., Olson, T. S., & Atanassov, P. B. (2012) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.10.062 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Babu, S. K., Chung, H. T., Zelenay, P., & Litster, S. (2015) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/06917.0023ecst · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Modeling Durability of PGM-Free Active Site Structures at the Atomic Scale
Holby, E. F., Martinez, U., Chung, H. T., & Zelenay, P. (2017) · ECS Meeting Abstracts · doi:10.1149/ma2017-02/35/1515 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
He, Y., Liu, S., Priest, C. M., Shi, Q., & Wu, G. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c9cs00903e · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Fan, J., Chen, M., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Z., Ye, S., Xu, S., Wang, H., & Li, H. (2021) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00824-7 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Self-citationXiao, F., Wang, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, G., Yang, F., Zhu, S., Siddharth, K., Kong, Z., Lu, A., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202006292 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Li, Y., Wang, H., Priest, C. M., Li, S., Xu, P., & Wu, G. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202000381 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
He, Y., Guo, H. M., Hwang, S., Yang, X., He, Z., Braaten, J. P., Karakalos, S., Shan, W., Wang, M., Zhou, H., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202003577 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Du, L., Prabhakaran, V., Xie, X., Park, S., Wang, Y., & Shao, Y. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201908232 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Pyrolyzed M–N x catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: progress and prospects
Luo, E., Chu, Y., Liu, J., Shi, Z., Zhu, S., Gong, L., Ge, J., Choi, C. H., Liu, C., & Xing, W. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d1ee00142f · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Proton conductive carboxylate-based metal–organic frameworks
Xie, X., Yang, Y., Dou, B., Li, Z., & Li, G. (2019) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213100 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly
Mo, S., Du, L., Huang, Z., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Wu, P., Meng, L., Wang, N., Xing, L., Zhao, M., et al. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00190-w · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“However, once Pt loading is decreased, the number of available active sites is also decreased, thus leading to severe performance loss [238, 239].”
Self-citationWang, Q., Yang, Y., Sun, F., Chen, G., Wang, J., Peng, L., Chen, W., Shang, L., Zhao, J., Sun‐Waterhouse, D., et al. (2021) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202100219 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Platinum group metal-free catalysts boost cost competitiveness of fuel cell vehicles
Thompson, S. T., & Papageorgopoulos, D. C. (2019) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-019-0291-x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Kumar, K., Dubau, L., Jaouen, F., & Maillard, F. M. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00685 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Anson, C. W., & Stahl, S. S. (2020) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00717 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
He, Y., Shi, Q., Shan, W., Li, X., Kropf, A. J., Wegener, E. C., Wright, J., Karakalos, S., Su, D., Cullen, D. A., et al. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202017288 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Prussian Blue Analogues in Aqueous Batteries and Desalination Batteries
Xu, C., Yang, Z., Zhang, X., Xia, M., Yan, H., Li, J., Yu, H., Zhang, L., & Shu, J. (2021) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-021-00700-9 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Du, L., Xing, L., Zhang, G., & Sun, S. (2019) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.09.029 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
In Situ and Operando Characterization of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Meyer, Q. P.-G., Zeng, Y., & Zhao, C. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201901900 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Gong, X., Zhu, J., Li, J., Gao, R., Zhou, Q., Zhang, Z., Dou, H., Zhao, L., Sui, X., Cai, J., et al. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202008085 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Meyer, Q. P.-G., Yang, C., Cheng, Y., & Zhao, C. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00180-y · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Kong, F., Ren, Z., Banis, M. N., Du, L., Zhou, X., Chen, G., Zhang, L., Li, J., Wang, S., Li, M., et al. (2020) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b05133 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Togun, H., Aljibori, H. S. S., Abed, A. M., Biswas, N., Alshamkhani, M. T., Niyas, H., Mohammed, H. I., Rashid, F. L., Dhabab, J. M., & Paul, D. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.298 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Li, L., Zhu, J., Kong, F., Wang, Y., Kang, C., Xu, M., Du, C., & Yin, G. (2024) · Matter · doi:10.1016/j.matt.2024.01.019 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Exploring Durable Single-Atom Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Wan, X., & Shui, J. (2022) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00473 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Du, L., Zhang, G., Liu, X., Hassanpour, A., Dubois, M., Tavares, A. C., & Sun, S. (2020) · Carbon Energy · doi:10.1002/cey2.73 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Miao, Z., Li, S., Priest, C. M., Wang, T., Wu, G., & Li, Q. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202200595 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Shang, L., Sun‐Waterhouse, D., Zhang, T., & Waterhouse, G. I. N. (2021) · SmartMat · doi:10.1002/smm2.1033 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Cui, X., Peng, L., Li, L., Qiao, J., Huang, H., & Shi, J. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202100997 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Osmieri, L., Park, J., Cullen, D. A., Zelenay, P., Myers, D. J., & Neyerlin, K. C. (2020) · Current Opinion in Electrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2020.08.009 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Liu, L., Feng, J., & Wang, A. (2024) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.154 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ultralow platinum loading proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Performance losses and solutions
Banham, D., Zou, J., Mukerjee, S., Liu, Z., Yang, D., Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., & Dong, A. (2021) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229515 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationMaiti, T. K., Singh, J., Majhi, J., Ahuja, A., Maiti, S. K., Dixit, P., Bhushan, S., Bandyopadhyay, A., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2022) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125151 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Du, L., Xing, L., Zhang, G., Dubois, M., & Sun, S. (2020) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202000016 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Osmieri, L., Wang, G., Cetinbas, F. C., Khandavalli, S., Park, J. H., Medina, S., Mauger, S. A., Ulsh, M., Pylypenko, S., Myers, D. J., et al. (2020) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104943 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cathode Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in Automotive Applications
Wang, H., Wang, R., Sui, S., Sun, T. P., Yan, Y., & Du, S. (2021) · Automotive Innovation · doi:10.1007/s42154-021-00148-y · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Osmieri, L., Cullen, D. A., Chung, H. T., Ahluwalia, R., & Neyerlin, K. C. (2020) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105209 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Truong‐Phuoc, L., Asset, T., Pronkin, S., & Pham‐Huu, C. (2022) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.2c02146 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Pedersen, A., Pandya, J., Leonzio, G., Serov, A., Bernardi, A., Stephens, I. E. L., Titirici, M., Petit, C., & Chachuat, B. (2023) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3gc03206j · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Xie, L., Wang, J., Wang, K., He, Z., Liang, J., Lin, Z., Wang, T., Cao, R., Yang, F. L., Cai, Z., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202407658 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based membranes for fuel cell, water electrolysis and desalination
Das, A., Im, K. S., Kabir, M. M., Shon, H. K., & Nam, S. Y. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117500 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
P–Fe bond oxygen reduction catalysts toward high-efficiency metal–air batteries and fuel cells
Jin, H., Kou, Z., Cai, W., Zhou, H., Ji, P., Liu, B., Radwan, A., He, D., & Mu, S. C. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d0ta02334e · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Molecular Degradation of Iron Phthalocyanine during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media
Wan, L., Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Wei, N., Zhang, P., Yuan, J., Zhou, Z., & Sun, S. (2022) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.2c03216 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Deng, X., Zhang, J., Fan, Z., Tan, W., Yang, G., Wang, W., Zhou, W., & Shao, Z. (2020) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02101 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Kabir, S., Medina, S., Wang, G., Bender, G., Pylypenko, S., & Neyerlin, K. C. (2020) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104791 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Ionic Liquid-Modified Microporous ZnCoNC-Based Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Wang, M., Zhang, H., Thirunavukkarasu, G., Salam, I., Varcoe, J. R., Mardle, P., Li, X., Mu, S. C., & Du, S. (2019) · ACS Energy Letters · doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01407 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wu, M. M., Wang, K., Chen, J., Yu, T., & Song, S. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202000407 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pedersen, A., Kumar, K., Ku, Y.-P., Martin, V., Dubau, L., Santos, K. T., Barrio, J., Saveleva, V. A., Glatzel, P., Paidi, V. K., et al. (2024) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d4ee01995d · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kumar, A., Goyal, N., Mathur, S., Bakhtiyarovich, I. A., Zhao, Y., Khalid, M., Ubaidullah, M., & Al‐Enizi, A. M. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.217244 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Application of ion beam technology in (photo)electrocatalytic materials for renewable energy
Wang, X., Wan, W., Shen, S., Wu, H., Zhong, H., Jiang, C., & Ren, F. (2020) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/5.0021322 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wavy PtCu alloy nanowire networks with abundant surface defects enhanced oxygen reduction reaction
Fang, D., Wan, L., Jiang, Q., Zhang, H., Tang, X., Qin, X., Shao, Z., & Wei, Z. (2019) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-019-2511-8 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Controllable synthesis of Fe–N4 species for acidic oxygen reduction
Yan, X., Jia, Y. A., Wang, K., Jin, Z., Dong, C., Huang, Y., Chen, J., & Yao, X. (2020) · Carbon Energy · doi:10.1002/cey2.47 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Osmieri, L., & Meyer, Q. P.-G. (2021) · Current Opinion in Electrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100847 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Deng, X., Huang, C., Pei, X., Hu, B., & Zhou, W. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.141 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mao, K., Yang, L., Wang, X., Wu, Q., & Hu, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00428 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells with Platinum Group Metal (PGM)-Free Cathode
Du, L., Zhang, G., & Sun, S. (2021) · Automotive Innovation · doi:10.1007/s42154-021-00146-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wu, X., Ni, C., Man, J., Shen, X., Cui, S., & Chen, X. (2023) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.140293 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fang, R. X., Xiao, W., Miao, C., Mei, P., Yan, X., Zhang, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155230 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Peera, S. G., & Liu, C. (2022) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214554 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Recent Advances in the Development of Nanocatalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
de Sá, M. H., Moreira, C. S., Pinto, A. M. F. R., & Oliveira, V. B. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15176335 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid-Powered PEM Fuel Cells: Challenges and Prospects
Cheng, H., Wang, J., Wu, C. K., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Energy Material Advances · doi:10.34133/energymatadv.0067 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fan, L., Wu, K., Tongsh, C., Zhu, M., Xie, X. L., & Jiao, K. (2019) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02549 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Recent Progress in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts
Ding, L., Tang, T., & Hu, J. (2020) · Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica · doi:10.3866/pku.whxb202010048 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Best Practices in Membrane Electrode Assembly for Water Electrolysis
Lee, J. K., Seo, J. H., Lim, J., Park, S., & Jang, H. W. (2024) · ACS Materials Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.4c00699 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Guo, W., Xing, L., Li, J., Wang, N., Meng, L., Ye, S., Yang, X., Chen, H., & Du, L. (2025) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d5ee03461b · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationYin, X., Feng, L., Yang, W. J., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Yang, L., Zhou, L., Gan, L., & Sun, S. (2021) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-021-3850-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
He, Y., Shi, Q., Shan, W., Li, X., Kropf, A. J., Wegener, E. C., Wright, J., Karakalos, S., Su, D., Cullen, D. A., et al. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202017288 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Jung, J. Y., Kim, S., Kim, J.-G., Kim, M. J., Lee, K., Sung, Y., Kim, P., Yoo, S. J., Lim, H., & Kim, N. D. (2022) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107206 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Durable Tungsten Carbide Support for Pt-Based Fuel Cells Cathodes
Lori, O., Gonen, S., Kapon, O., & Elbaz, L. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c20089 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Osmieri, L., Mauger, S. A., Ulsh, M., Neyerlin, K. C., & Bender, G. (2020) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227829 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Loading Impact of a PGM-Free Catalyst on the Mass Activity in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Damjanović, A. M., Koyutürk, B., Li, Y., Menga, D., Eickes, C., El‐Sayed, H. A., Gasteiger, H. A., Fellinger, T.-P., & Piana, M. (2021) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac3779 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Performance of Non‐Precious Metal Electrocatalysts in Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: A Review
Krishnan, S. R., Verstraete, D., & Aguey‐Zinsou, K. (2024) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.202400299 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sun, Z. H., Lin, J., Hou, K., Guan, L., & Zhan, H. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c9ta13831e · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhang, W., Guo, F., Zhou, Y., Yu, S., Chen, A., Jiang, H., Jiang, H., & Li, C. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.2c03388 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A perspective on the PGM-free metal–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for PEMFC
Sun, M., Gong, S., Zhang, Y., & Niu, Z. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2021.10.014 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pedersen, A., Bagger, A., Barrio, J., Maillard, F. M., Stephens, I. E. L., & Titirici, M. (2023) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d3ta04711c · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wan, L., Chen, W., Xu, H., Wang, Y., Yuan, J., Zhou, Z., & Sun, S. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c14709 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Designable Guest‐Molecule Encapsulation in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Proton Conductivity
Wang, F., Wang, B., Hao, B., Zhang, C., & Wang, Q. (2022) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202103732 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kiciński, W., Artyfikiewicz, M., Miecznikowski, K., Donten, M., Dyjak, S., Gratzke, M., Nawała, J., & Nowicka, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.168051 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Osmieri, L., Wang, H., & Neyerlin, K. C. (2020) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/abd48e · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Kisand, K., Sarapuu, A., Douglin, J. C., Kikas, A., Käärik, M., Kozlova, J., Aruväli, J., Treshchalov, A. B., Leis, J., Kisand, V., et al. (2024) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.202401332 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ahluwalia, R., Wang, X., Osmieri, L., Peng, J.-K., Chung, H. T., & Neyerlin, K. C. (2019) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0851914jes · Cited by 23 · see citing works
New insight into effect of potential on degradation of Fe-N-C catalyst for ORR
Gao, Y., Hou, M., Qi, M., He, L., Chen, H., Luo, W., & Shao, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Energy · doi:10.1007/s11708-021-0727-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Imran, M., Ikram, M., Dilpazir, S., Naseem, B., Lin, Y., & Pan, J. (2022) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/d2cy00153e · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zheng, J.-Y., Wang, Q., Jiang, F.-Q., Li, Y.-L., Huang, X.-X., Sun, X., Dong, W., Ba, D., Zhao, J. W., & Li, D. (2023) · Journal of Solid State Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2023.124070 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pedersen, A., Snitkoff‐Sol, R. Z., Presman, Y., Barrio, J., Cai, R., Suter, T., Yang, G., Haigh, S. J., Brett, D. J. L., Jervis, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234683 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Laser Synthesis of Nonprecious Metal-Based Single-Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Sha, Y., Moissinac, F. P., Zhu, M., Huang, K., Guo, H., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Li, L., Thomas, A. G., & Liu, Z. (2023) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.3c09556 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Yu, X., Bai, S., Li, Q., Zhao, Z., Sun, Q., Cao, S., Cui, H., Liu, M., Xu, Q., & Hou, C. (2024) · EnergyChem · doi:10.1016/j.enchem.2024.100142 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Pt Alloy Nanocrystal Catalysts: Diminishing Sizes and Improving Stability
Huang, C., Zhang, W., Li, J., & Wei, Z. (2023) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02840 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Xu, X., Zhang, X., Xia, Z., Sun, R., Wang, J., Jiang, Q., Yu, S., Wang, S., & Sun, G. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c22968 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Carbon gel-derived Fe–N–C electrocatalysts for hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Kiciński, W., Dyjak, S., & Tokarz, W. (2021) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230537 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
MnO2–NiO–MWCNTs nanocomposite as a catalyst for methanol and ethanol electrooxidation
Shojaeifar, M., Askari, M. B., Hashemi, S. R. S., & Bartolomeo, A. D. (2022) · Journal of Physics D Applied Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ac7619 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Surface-structure tailoring of Dendritic PtCo nanowires for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Zhang, C., Chen, Z., Yang, H., Luo, Y., Tian, Z. Q., & Shen, P. K. (2023) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.121 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effect of Catalyst Layer Hydrophobicity on Fe−N−C Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Zhang, X., Liu, Q., & Shui, J. (2020) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.202000351 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Impact of the Cathode Layer Printing Process on the Performance of MEA Integrating PGM Free Catalyst
Toudret, P., Blachot, J.-F., Heitzmann, M., & Jacques, P.-A. (2021) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal11060669 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Huang, J., Chen, Y.-B., Chen, X., Liu, X., Ma, L., Su, W., Zhao, Y. C., Zhu, H., & Yang, H. X. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06752 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hou, K., Sun, Z. H., Liu, Y., & Guan, L. (2020) · Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers · doi:10.1039/d0qi00453g · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A Review on Bioinspired Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: Design and Materials
Pedram, S., Batool, M., Yapp, K., Bonville, L. J., & Janković, J. (2021) · Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research · doi:10.1002/aesr.202000092 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Peat as a carbon source for non-platinum group metal oxygen electrocatalysts and AEMFC cathodes
Teppor, P., Jäger, R., Paalo, M., Adamson, A., Härmas, M., Volobujeva, O., Aruväli, J., Palm, R., & Lust, E. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.199 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Akula, S., Piirsoo, H., Kikas, A., Kisand, V., Käärik, M., Leis, J., Treshchalov, A. B., Aruväli, J., Kukli, K., & Tammeveski, K. (2024) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144691 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Co nanocluster strain-engineered by atomic Ru for efficient and stable oxygen reduction catalysis
Liu, Z., Zhou, S., Ma, S., Li, J., Yang, Z., Cheng, H., & Cai, W. (2021) · Materials Today Physics · doi:10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100338 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Large 3D network of concave Fe-N-C nanoparticles by nano-welding for high-power fuel cells
Li, W., Wan, X., Guo, X., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Yu, R., & Shui, J. (2024) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2397-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Banham, D., Choi, J., Kishimoto, T., & Ye, S.
- Affiliations
- Ballard Power Systems (Canada) (CA)
- Gunma University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Banham, Dustin
- Ye, Siyu
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 31
- Pages
- e1804846-e1804846
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W2907165843
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- Keywords
- proton exchange membrane fuel cells, PGM-free catalysts, non-noble metal catalysts, Fe-N-C catalysts, oxygen reduction reaction, cathode catalyst layer, fuel cell cost reduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review