Excimer‐Mediated Ultrafast Intermolecular Nonradiative Decay Enables Giant Photothermal Performance for Optimized Phototheranostic
Abstract
Developing organic photothermal materials (OPMs) with high photothermal performance for phototheranostic mainly focus on the manipulation of intramolecular nonradiative ( intra NR) decay, which often requires quite complicated and time‐consuming molecular engineering. In addition to intra NR decay, intermolecular nonradiative ( inter NR) decay is equally important and more convenient in governing photothermal performance. However, controlling inter NR decay remains challenging due to the limited understanding of their origin and dynamics. Here, systemic investigation of intra NR and inter NR decay directs the first demonstration of simple manipulation of inter NR decay to produce a giant photothermal performance for optimized phototheranostic. Among three designed polymers with varying fluorine substitution, structure–performance studies reveal a dimer‐initiated inter NR decay to improve photothermal performance. Dimer is formed by intermolecular CF···H hydrogen bond. This finding inspires a simple aggregation control strategy to form excited dimer, namely, excimer. It initiates an ≈100‐fold enhancement in inter NR decay rate over conventional intra NR decay to produce ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency of 81% for efficient photoacoustic imaging‐guided photothermal therapy in vivo. This study provides insights into inter NR decay in achieving a giant photothermal effect and paves a convenient way to develop high‐performance OPMs.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The femtosecond component suggests a deactivation preference over all other decay pathways within 4F NP1s, highlighting an intense intermolecular nonradiative decay that reduces emission.
“Notably, this femtosecond component suggests a deactivation preference over all other decay pathways within 4F NP1s, highlighting an intense interNR decay that reduces emission39,40.”
From Alleviating NIR-II emission quenching in ring-fused fluorophore via manipulating dimer populations for superior fluorescence imaging (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
Organic molecule-based photothermal agents: an expanding photothermal therapy universe
Jung, H. S., Verwilst, P., Sharma, A. K., Shin, J. W., Sessler, J. L., & Kim, J. S. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00522a · Cited by 1,592 · see citing works
Design of superior phototheranostic agents guided by Jablonski diagrams
Feng, G., Zhang, G., & Ding, D. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00671h · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Yang, K., Xu, H., Cheng, L., Sun, C., Wang, J., & Liu, Z. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201202625 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Yao, L., Zhang, S., Wang, R., Li, W., Shen, F., Yang, B., & Ma, Y. (2014) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201308486 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Xi, D., Xiao, M. W., Cao, J., Zhao, L., Xu, N., Long, S., Fan, J., Shao, K., Sun, W. C., Yan, X., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201907855 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Molecular Motion in Aggregates: Manipulating TICT for Boosting Photothermal Theranostics
Liu, S., Zhou, X., Zhang, H., Ou, H., Lam, J. W. Y., Liu, Y., Shi, L., Ding, D., & Tang, B. Z. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.8b13889 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Molecular Interactions in Organic Nanoparticles for Phototheranostic Applications
Ng, K. K., & Zheng, G. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00140 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Convertible Organic Nanoparticles for Near‐Infrared Photothermal Ablation of Cancer Cells
Yang, J., Choi, J., Bang, D., Kim, E., Lim, E., Park, H., Suh, J., Lee, K., Yoo, K., Kim, E., et al. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201005075 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Lyu, Y., Fang, Y., Miao, Q., Xu, Z. J., Ding, D., & Pu, K. (2016) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6b00168 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Overcoming the energy gap law in near-infrared OLEDs by exciton–vibration decoupling
Wei, Y., Wang, S. F., Hu, Y., Liao, L., Chen, D., Chang, K., Wang, C.-W., Liu, S., Chan, W., Liao, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-020-0653-6 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Chen, C., Wu, W., Wang, F., Du, L., Zhang, X., Xiong, Y., He, X., Cai, Y., Kwok, R. T. K., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08722-z · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Ultrafast Spectroscopy: State of the Art and Open Challenges
Maiuri, M., Garavelli, M., & Cerullo, G. (2020) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b10533 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Li, S., Deng, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Wen, G., Cui, X., Wan, Y., Huang, Y., Chen, J., Liu, Z., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202001146 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Supramolecular Photothermal Effects: A Promising Mechanism for Efficient Thermal Conversion
Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Xing, R., & Yan, X. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201909825 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Song, X., Gong, H., Yin, S., Cheng, L., Wang, C., Li, Z., Li, Y., Wang, X., Liu, G., & Liu, Z. (2013) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201302463 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Thermally activated triplet exciton release for highly efficient tri-mode organic afterglow
Jin, J., Jiang, H., Yang, Q., Tang, L., Tao, Y., Li, Y., Chen, R., Zheng, C., Fan, Q., Zhang, K. Y., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14669-3 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, X., Liu, L., Li, S., Wan, Y., Chen, J., Tian, S., Huang, Z., Xiao, Y., Cui, X., Xiang, C., et al. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b05383 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Supramolecular Photothermal Nanomaterials as an Emerging Paradigm toward Precision Cancer Therapy
Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Chang, R., Xing, R., & Yan, X. (2018) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201806877 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Yang, C., Zhang, R., Chen, R., Zhang, Z., Zhang, W., Peng, S.-H., Chen, X. S., Liu, G., Hsu, C., et al. (2017) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201605094 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Motion and Nonradiative Decay: Towards Efficient Photothermal and Photoacoustic Systems
Xu, C., Ye, R., Shen, H., Lam, J. W. Y., Zhao, Z., & Tang, B. Z. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202204604 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Li, C., Jiang, G., Yu, J., Ji, W., Liu, L., Zhang, P., Du, J., Zhan, C., Wang, J., & Tang, B. Z. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202208229 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Organic Semiconducting Macromolecular Dyes for NIR‐II Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Yin, C., Li, X., Wang, Y., Liang, Y., Zhou, S. D., Zhao, P., Lee, C., Fan, Q., & Huang, W. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202104650 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, W., Miao, X., Tao, H., Baev, A. S., Ren, C., Fan, Q., He, T., Huang, W., & Prasad, P. N. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b06208 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Han, T., Hu, X., Lee, M. M. S., Wang, D., & Tang, B. Z. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202105999 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Manipulating the Dynamics of Dark Excited States in Organic Materials for Phototheranostics
Hu, W., Prasad, P. N., & Huang, W. (2021) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00688 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationChlorine Atom-Induced Molecular Interlocked Network in a Non-Fullerene Acceptor
Qu, J., Chen, H., Zhou, J., Lai, H., Liu, T., Chao, P., Li, D., Xie, Z., He, F., & Ma, Y. (2018) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.8b15923 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Chen, S., Pan, Y., Chen, K., Chen, P., Shen, Q., Sun, P., Hu, W., & Fan, Q. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202215372 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationDuan, X., Zhang, Q., Jiang, Y. C., Wu, X., Yue, X., Geng, Y., Shen, J. Q., & Ding, D. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202200179 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Polymer‐Based Therapeutic Nanoagents for Photothermal‐Enhanced Combination Cancer Therapy
Yang, N., Cao, C., Li, H., Hong, Y., Cai, Y., Song, X., Wang, W., Mou, X., & Dong, X. (2021) · Small Structures · doi:10.1002/sstr.202100110 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Li, Y., Tang, Y., Hu, W., Wang, Z., Li, X., Lü, X., Chen, S., Huang, W., & Fan, Q. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202204695 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Ou, H., Li, J., Yang, X., Ge, C., Ding, D., & Gao, X. (2021) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-021-1090-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phototherapy: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Yuan, X., Zhou, J., Yuan, L., Fan, J., Yoon, J., Zhang, X., Peng, X., & Tan, W. (2024) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-024-2411-7 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Hu, X., Fang, Z.-T., Sun, F., Zhu, C., Jia, M., Miao, X., Huang, L., Hu, W., Fan, Q., Yáng, Z., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202401036 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent advances in the design of organic photothermal agents for cancer treatment: A review
Lee, S., Min, S., Kim, G., & Lee, S. (2024) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215719 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Kong, X., Liang, J. Y., Lu, M., Zhang, K., Zhao, E., Kang, X., Wang, G., Yu, Q., Gan, Z., & Gu, X. (2024) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202409041 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dai, H., Pan, J., Shao, J., Xu, K., Ruan, X., Mei, A., Chen, P., Qu, L., & Dong, X. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202503718 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Li, H., Gu, Y., Ding, Y., Huang, J., Yang, Z., Ding, P., Wang, M., Han, L., Yang, B., Guo, L., et al. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202423023 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Hou, X., Ding, Q., Zeng, S., Shen, H., Gong, W., Ding, T., Mahmood, Z., Zeng, X., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202420006 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSilvery fullerene in Ag102 nanosaucer
Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhu, Y.-J., Song, K., Aikens, C. M., Tung, C., & Sun, D. (2024) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwae192 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Miao, X., Jia, M., Weng, X., Zhang, J., Pan, Y., Zhao, H., Yu, Z., Fan, Q., & Hu, W. (2025) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-025-01787-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationZhao, X., Sun, M., Xiaohan, C., Xu, J., Li, X., Zhao, X., & Lu, H. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202400201 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Liang, Y., Pan, Y., Chen, L., Li, P., Xu, M., Zhou, H., Lu, X., Hu, W., Yin, C., & Fan, Q. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202408861 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, X., Yang, L., Jia, M., Chen, R. Q., Zhang, H., Yao, S., Bai, R., Tian, Y., Chen, B., Li, J., et al. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202513693 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular fluorophore dimerization: a new paradigm for precision phototheranostics
Bian, H., Ma, D., Chen, Y., Hong, J., Nan, Y., Xu, H., Kim, M. H., Chen, X., Peng, X., & Yoon, J. (2026) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs01306b · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lu, F., Li, L., Zhang, M., Yu, C., Pan, Y., Cheng, F., Hu, W., Lü, X., Wang, Q., & Fan, Q. (2024) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d4sc01609b · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, K., Zhang, C., You, Y., Wan, Y., Guan, Z., Tan, J., Wang, I., Zhang, J., Wong, K., & Lee, C. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202421765 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Lu, F., Wang, X., Ge, Y., Sun, X., Zhao, T., Lü, X., & Fan, Q. (2024) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.04.233 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, P., Zhang, C., He, L., Li, M., Rong, J., Sun, P., Chen, Y., & Li, D. (2024) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-024-02424-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hu, X., Fang, Z.-T., Sun, F., Zhu, C., Jia, M., Miao, X., Huang, L., Hu, W., Fan, Q., Yáng, Z., et al. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202401036 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, X., Sun, X., Wang, Y., Chen, H., & Gao, Y. (2024) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2024.09.133 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bao, J., Li, Z., Wang, D., Wang, J., Huang, G., Qian, J., Yang, X., Duan, P., Zhang, S., Bai, F., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202404262 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Men, C., Zhang, Y., Shi, P., Tang, Z., & Cheng, X. (2023) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d3an01761c · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gong, J., Zhou, W., Li, Z., Li, X., Yuan, W., Gu, X., Niu, Q., Liu, Y., Xu, J. X., Li, R., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202503110 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, C., Chen, M., Liu, X., Ma, D., Liu, X., & Chen, J. (2025) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70204 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Cui, M., Li, W., Chen, Y., Liu, H., Liu, L., Ji, M., & Wang, P. (2025) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70211 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Liu, C., Gu, X., Li, L., Xie, L., & Zheng, Q. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202525442 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Li, H., Gu, Y., Ding, Y., Huang, J., Yang, Z., Ding, P., Wang, M., Han, L., Yang, B., Guo, L., et al. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202423023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Semiconducting Polymers for Cancer Immunotherapy
Li, W., Liang, M., Qi, J., & Ding, D. (2023) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.202300496 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dai, H., Pan, J., Shao, J., Xu, K., Ruan, X., Mei, A., Chen, P., Qu, L., & Dong, X. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202503718 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Pan, Y., Weng, X., Jia, M., Miao, X., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., Hu, W., & Fan, Q. (2025) · Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences · doi:10.1142/s1793545825410020 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationStable π‐Stacked Perylenediimide Radical Dimers for Efficient Photothermal Therapy
Zhang, Y. L., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., Yin, Y., Duan, X., & Han, Y. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/cjoc.70348 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Li, X. D., Han, F., Zhang, H., Wu, K., Long, S., Sun, W. C., Du, J., Fan, J., & Peng, X. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.7561107 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zheng, X., Zhao, J., Xue, K., Chen, W., Jian, J., Chen, S., Luo, G., & Huang, J. (2025) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.4c02701 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Black Hole Quencher‐Enhanced Plasmonic Photothermal Conversion
Zhang, R., Chen, X., Shen, L., & Li, J. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.76680 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Natural bimolecular system consisting of quercetin and ellagic acid enhances phototherapy
Li, J., Pan, J., Wang, C., Gong, Z., & Meng, S. (2025) · Materials Letters · doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2025.138275 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, X. D., Han, F., Zhang, H., Wu, K., Long, S., Sun, W. C., Du, J., Fan, J., & Peng, X. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.7561107 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Near-infrared-II nanotherapeutics mediate cancer immunotherapy
Zheng, Y., Jiang, S., Li, F., Chen, C., Peng, X., Zhang, Y., & Liu, G. (2026) · PhotoniX Life · doi:10.3724/pxlife.2025-0013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liang, Y., Pan, Y., Chen, L., Li, P., Xu, M., Zhou, H., Lü, X., Hu, W., Yin, C., & Fan, Q. (2024) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202408861 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationJingzhen, 李. L., Yi, 蔡. C., Xuanke, 曾. Z., Xiaowei, 陆. L., Hongyi, 陈. C., Shixiang, 徐. X., Qifan, 朱. Z., & Yongle, 朱. Z. (2024) · Acta Optica Sinica · doi:10.3788/aos241177
Lin, 江. J., Xiaofei, 苗. M., Zizi, 吴. W., Jia, M., Fan, Q., & Wenbo, 胡. H. (2024) · Chinese Journal of Lasers · doi:10.3788/cjl240898
Self-citationBiointerface interaction regulation based on organic semiconducting polymers
Liu, X., Li, B., Qiu, L., Gao, D. M., Zhang, R., Qi, J., Lv, H., & Xing, C. (2025) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.015
Hui, 赵. Z., Xiaofei, 苗. M., Fan, Q., & Wenbo, 胡. H. (2025) · Laser & Optoelectronics Progress · doi:10.3788/lop250556
Self-citationChen, P., Zhang, C., He, L., Li, M., Rong, J., Sun, P., Chen, Y., & Li, D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26704755
Wenbo, 胡. H., Yonghui, 潘. P., & Xiaofei, 苗. M. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Lasers · doi:10.3788/cjl251131
Chen, P., Liu, C., Wang, X., Qi, C., Zhang, W., Yu, Z., Lan, Y.-S., Li, C., Sun, P., & Fan, Q. (2026) · ChemNanoMat · doi:10.1002/cnma.202500522
Self-citationJiao, Y., Cao, C., Hao, H., Cao, Y., Gao, D., Gao, Y., Cui, X., Fu, Y., Tong, S., Cui, S., et al. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.73776
Ge, C., Xie, Q., Jiang, J., Li, Y., Ma, X., Wang, S. K., Liu, D., Chen, T., Haiying, S., Zhang, W., et al. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.74591
Wang, C., Liu, T., Zhang, S., Xu, D., Qi, Y., Zhou, S. H., Huang, W., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.1832649
Wang, C., Liu, T., Zhang, S., Xu, D., Qi, Y., Zhou, S. H., Huang, W., & Zhang, J. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.1832649
Xiao, F., Li, H., Wang, M., Wei, Z., Zhu, Y., Zhang, W., & Tian, L. (2026) · Aggregate · doi:10.1002/agt2.70425
Yin, H., Miao, X., Yang, G., Yu, S., Ji, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, H., Hu, W., Chen, R., Yin, C., et al. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.2537165
Self-citationYin, H., Miao, X., Yang, G., Yu, S., Ji, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, H., Hu, W., Chen, R., Yin, C., et al. (2026) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.2537165
Self-citationAdvances in Organic Aggregates for Biomedical Phototheranostics
Fu, B., Peng, Y., & Cai, T. (2026) · MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications · doi:10.1002/mba2.70077
Miao, X., Jia, M., Yao, W., Chen, R., Lu, X., Wu, Z., Hu, W., & Fan, Q. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aeh5112
Self-citationLiu, C., Xie, L., Gu, X., Li, L., Chen, M., & Zheng, Q. (2026) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.78564
Liu, J., Kongchen, 王. W., Jiang, Y., Chen, H., Shi, L., & Wu, W. (2026) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-026-3668-8
- Authors
- Miao, X., Yao, W., Chen, R., Jia, M., Ren, C., Zhao, H., He, T., Fan, Q., & Hu, W.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- He, Tingchao
- Fan, Quli
- Hu, Wenbo
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-05-26
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- e2301739-e2301739
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W4368361628
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (62175201, 61805118)
- Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (2021J043)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Photochemistry and Electron Transfer Studies
- Keywords
- excimer formation, fluorine substitution, dimerization, aggregation control, photothermal conversion efficiency, photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, phototheranostics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
