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Short‐Wave Infrared Colloidal QD Photodetector with Nanosecond Response Times Enabled by Ultrathin Absorber Layers
Open accessAbstract
Ultrafast short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) photodetection is of great interest for emerging automated vision and spatial mapping technologies. Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) stand out for SWIR photodetection compared to epitaxial (In,Ga)As or (Hg,Cd)Te semiconductors by their combining a size‐tunable bandgap and a suitability for cost‐effective, solution‐based processing. However, achieving ultrafast, nanosecond‐level response time has remained an outstanding challenge for QD‐based SWIR photodiodes (QDPDs). Here, record 4 ns response time in PbS‐based QDPDs that operate at SWIR wavelengths is reported, a result reaching the requirement of SWIR light detection and ranging based on colloidal QDs. These ultrafast QDPDs combine a thin active layer to reduce the carrier transport time and a small area to inhibit slow capacitive discharging. By implementing a concentration gradient ligand exchange method, high‐quality p–n junctions are fabricated in these ultrathin QDPDs. Moreover, these ultrathin QDPDs attain an external quantum efficiency of 42% at 1330 nm, due to a 2.5‐fold enhanced light absorption through the formation of a Fabry–Perot cavity within the QDPD and the highly efficient extraction (98%) of photogenerated charge carriers. Based on these results, it is estimated that a further increase of the charge‐carrier mobility can lead to PbS QDPDs with sub‐nanosecond response time.
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The carrier mobility of the 2.1 μm PbS-TBAI absorption layer, extracted via FET measurements, is (0.94 ± 0.6) × 10^-4 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 for electrons.
“The carrier mobility of the 2.1 μ mPbS-TBAI absorption layer, extracted via the field effect transistor (FET) measurements, 41 is ( 0.94 ± 0.6 ) × 10 -4 cm -2 V -1 s -1 for electrons”
From A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
The area-insensitive bandwidth is contrary to the scenario where τ_RC dominates the speed of QDPDs.
“This area-insensitive BW is contrary to the scenario where τ RC dominates the speed of QDPDs, 23,41 considering a consistent series resistance and area-related capacitance.”
From A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
QDPDs with a response time of 4 ns were recently achieved by reducing the thickness of the QD film.
“This strategy was recently adopted to achieve QDPDs with a response time of 4 ns. 41”
From A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
The carrier mobility of the 2.1 μm PbS-TBAI absorption layer for holes is (1.41 ± 0.35) × 10^-4 cm2 V^-1 s^-1.
“and ( 1.41 ± 0.35 ) × 10 -4 cm -2 V -1 s -1 for holes”
From A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
Under a large reverse bias of -3 V, the thin QD absorption layer can be considered completely depleted.
“Under a large reverse bias of -3 V, the thin QD absorption layer can be considered completely depleted. 41”
From A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
The carrier transition time in the 1.3 μm PbS-TBAI and 0.94 μm PbS-EDT layers is disregarded due to significantly faster carrier mobilities exceeding 1 × 10^-3 cm2 V^-1 s^-1 in both layers.
“The carrier transition time in the 1.3 μ m PbS-TBAI and 0.94 μ m PbS-EDT layers is disregarded due to the significantly faster carrier mobilities exceeding 1 × 10 -3 cm -2 V -1 s -1 in both layers. 41”
From A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m (2024) · cites this paper as [41]
Citations
Cites
Ultrafast Colloidal Quantum Dot Infrared Photodiode
Xu, Q., Meng, L., Sinha, K., Chowdhury, F. I., Hu, J., & Wang, X. (2020) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00363 · Cited by 74
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A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µ m
Pang, C., Deng, Y.-H., Kheradmand, E., Hagelsieb, L. M., Guo, Y., Cheyns, D., Geiregat, P., Hens, Z., & Van Thourhout, D. (2024) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/5.0206386 · Cited by 9
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Metadata
- Authors
- Deng, Y., Pang, C., Kheradmand, E., Leemans, J., Bai, J., Minjauw, M., Liu, J., Molkens, K., Beeckman, J., Detavernier, C., Geiregat, P., Van Thourhout, D., & Hens, Z.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Center for Nano and Biophotonics Ghent University Ghent 9052 Belgium
- Corresponding author
- Deng, Yu‐Hao
- Hens, Zeger
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-05-03
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- e2402002-e2402002
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W4395462269
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 7.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit Gent (BOF23/DOC/027, BOF‐GOA24021)
- European Research Council (884963)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Keywords
- short-wave infrared photodetection, colloidal quantum dots, PbS quantum dots, nanosecond response time, ultrathin absorber, p-n junction, Fabry-Perot cavity, external quantum efficiency, carrier extraction, light detection and ranging
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