Revealing the Role of Ru‐O‐Ce Interface Coupling in CeO 2 ‐Ru Aerogel for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics
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AbstractDesigning heterogeneous interface to enhance the kinetics for electrocatalysts is a highly efficient but challenging pathway toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water electrolysis. Herein, the heterogeneous coupling of CeO2 quantum dots onto porous Ru aerogel through interfacial Ru‐O‐Ce bridge is proposed to construct CeO2‐Ru aerogel as the superior HER electrocatalyst with ultra‐low overpotentials. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the electron distribution at the heterogeneous Ru‐O‐Ce bridge to boost hydrogen bonding at Ru sites, and the faster water adsorption and dissociation at the CeO2 sites to enhance the HER kinetics. Furthermore, CeO2‐Ru aerogel is employed as excellent cathodes for both acidic and alkaline water electrolyzers with ampere‐level current density and stably operated over 500 hours. Thus, the synergistic effect for CeO2‐Ru aerogel through the Ru‐O‐Ce bridge tunes the HER catalytic mechanism and reinforces the activity, realizing highly efficient hydrogen generation in water electrolysis.
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- Findingown data
The heterogeneous coupling of CeO2 quantum dots onto porous Ru aerogel through an interfacial Ru-O-Ce bridge constructs CeO2-Ru aerogel as a superior HER electrocatalyst with ultra-low overpotentials.
“Herein, the heterogeneous coupling of CeO 2 quantum dots onto porous Ru aerogel through interfacial Ru-O-Ce bridge is proposed to construct CeO 2 -Ru aerogel as the superior HER electrocatalyst with ultra-low overpotentials.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The bending vibration peak of H-O-H at 1630 cm-1 gradually weakened as the potential decreased, suggesting dissociation of water during this process.
“Interestingly, the bending vibration peak of H-O-H at 1630 cm -1 gradually weakened as the potential decreased, also suggesting the dissociation of water during this process.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
All CeO2-Ru aerogels with various mass ratios of CeO2 QDs performed better electrocatalytic activity compared to Ru aerogel.
“From the polarization curves and corresponding Tafel slopes (Figure 3a,b), all CeO 2 -Ru aerogels with various mass ratios of CeO 2 QDs performed better electrocatalytic activity compared to Ru aerogel.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
CeO2-Ru aerogel displayed high electrocatalytic durability with negligible current degradation over 25 hours.
“Compared with Ru aerogel (Figure S16, Supporting Information), CeO 2 -Ru aerogel displayed high electrocatalytic durability with negligible current degradation over 25 hours.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The close contact between CeO2 QDs and Ru NPs was verified by HRTEM measurement.
“The close contact between CeO 2 QDs and Ru NPs was also verified by the HRTEM measurement, as shown in Figure 1d.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data
The heterogeneous interface in CeO2-Ru aerogel facilitates charge transfer compared to Ru aerogel.
“The Nyquist plots for Ru and various CeO 2 -Ru aerogels also showed the similar trends in resistances, that the heterogeneous interface in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel facilitates the charge transfer compared to Ru aerogel (Figure S14 and Table S2, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The HRTEM image and SAED pattern confirmed the fluorite structure of CeO2 QDs.
“while the HRTEM image and the SAED pattern also confirmed the fluorite structure.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The Ru aerogel self-assembles from Ru nanoparticles with size of 5.9 ± 0.1 nm into interconnected networks.
“The typical TEM images of the Ru aerogel was displayed (Figure S2b, Supporting Information), confirming the self-assembling of Ru nanoparticles (NPs) with size of 5.9 ± 0.1 nm (Figure S2c, Supporting Information) into the interconnected networks.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In 0.5 m H2SO4, the CeO2-Ru aerogels exhibited outstanding performance compared to Ru aerogel.
“As polarization curves depicted in Figure 3d, the CeO 2 -Ru aerogels also exhibited outstanding performance under acid condition compared to Ru aerogel.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The Ru aerogel exhibited an affluent porous structure that provides abundant active sites for the uniform loading of CeO2 QDs.
“As given in Figure S2a (Supporting Information), The Ru aerogel exhibited affluent porous structure to provide abundant active sites for the uniform loading of CeO 2 QDs (Figure S2a, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The lattice spacings of 0.234 and 0.206 nm in the HRTEM image for Ru aerogel are respectively attributed to the (100) and (101) planes of metallic Ru.
“The lattice spacings of 0.234 and 0.206 nm in the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image for Ru aerogel were respectively attributed to the (100) and (101) planes of metallic Ru (Figure S3, Supporting Information), while the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern also exhibited the polycrystalline structure for Ru aerogel.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The Ce 3d spectra of CeO2-Ru aerogel showed a positive shift of 0.2 eV in binding energy, demonstrating electron transfer of CeO2 in the heterostructure.
“Similarly, the peaks in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel corresponding to Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ in Ce 3d spectra showed the positive shift of 0.2 eV in binding energy, further demonstrating the electron transfer of CeO 2 in the heterostructure.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The CeO2-Ru aerogel exhibited a positive shift of ≈0.1 eV in binding energy for Ru 3d orbital compared to Ru aerogel, indicating electronic interaction between Ru and CeO2.
“Compared to Ru aerogel, the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel exhibited a positive shift of ≈0.1 eV in binding energy for Ru 3d orbital, indicating the electronic interaction between Ru and CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The CeO2 QDs have an average size of ≈3.6±0.1 nm.
“The characterizations for CeO 2 QDs (Figure S4, Supporting Information) suggested the ultrafine particles of CeO 2 QDs with the average size of ≈3.6±0.1 nm”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
For the CeO2-Ru sample, the Ce-O-Ce signal of F2g for CeO2 at 461 cm-1 weakened over the potential range.
“For the CeO 2 -Ru sample (Figure 4b), the Ce-O-Ce signal of F 2g for CeO 2 at 461 cm -1 weakened over the potential range.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The electronic local function confirmed the existence of the Ru-O-Ce bridge through the CeO2-Ru interface interaction.
“Meanwhile, the electronic local function in Figure 5g also confirmed the existence of the Ru-O-Ce bridge through the CeO 2 -Ru interface interaction.[57]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [57] 57. L. Hou, Z. Li, H. Jang, Y. Wang, X. Cui, X. Gu, M. G. Kim, L. Feng, S. Liu, X. Liu, Adv. Energy Mater. 2023, 13, 2300177.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Findingown data
CeO2* surface has a larger H2O adsorption energy (-0.782 eV) compared with Ru* surface (-0.711 eV), Ru* interface (-0.577 eV), and CeO2* interface (-0.619 eV).
“In Figure 5d, compared with Ru* surface (-0.711 eV), Ru* interface (-0.577 eV), and CeO 2 * interface (-0.619 eV), CeO 2 * surface with the larger adsorption energy (-0.782 eV), was more favorable to the adsorption of water thermodynamically, which was in great agreement with above in situ analyses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Findingown data
Further decreasing potential led to lower signals for the characteristic peaks, unveiling deletion of surface CeO-H species on the CeO2-Ru aerogel during the HER process.
“Further decreasing potential led to the lower signals for above characteristic peaks, unveiling the deletion of surface CeO-H species on the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel during the HER process and prevention the”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The current densities of CeO2-Ru aerogel are much higher than 280 and 510 mA cm-2 for Ru aerogel.
“The CeO 2 -Ru aerogel achieved the current density of 500 and 1000 mA cm -2 under the cell voltage of 1.65 V and 1.78 V (Figure S27a, Supporting Information), which are much higher than the current density of 280 and 510 mA cm -2 for Ru aerogel, further confirming the constructed Ru-O-Ce heterojunction has superior catalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Ru aerogel suffered an increase in overpotential of 183.8 mV at 100 mA cm-2 after treating with SCN-.
“Similarly, Ru aerogel also suffered great increase in overpotential of 183.8 mV at 100 mA cm -2 before and after treating with SCN -(Figure S22, Supporting Information), further confirming the poisoning of Ru sites.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingreasoning
The CeO2-Ru aerogel exhibited outstanding HER activity with low overpotentials of 12.9 mV in 1.0 M KOH and 44.7 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2.
“As a result, the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel exhibited outstanding HER activity with low overpotentials of 12.9 mV in 1.0 M KOH and 44.7 mV in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 to reach the current density of 10 mA cm -2 , and it was further used as the cathode to maintain excellent stability under the industrial current densities in PEMWE and AEMWE.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to Ru aerogel, the H-O-H bending vibration peak for CeO2-Ru aerogel significantly enhanced and rapidly attenuated as the potential decreased.
“In contrast to Ru aerogel, the bending vibration peak of H-O-H for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel displayed the significant enhancement and rapid attenuation as the potential decreased, indicating the effective acceleration of water dissociation with the presence of CeO 2 for Ru (Figure 4c).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared with pure Ru (-2.47 eV), the d-band center of CeO2-Ru was downshifted by 0.26 eV.
“Compared with pure Ru (-2.47 eV), the d-band center of CeO 2 -Ru was downshifted by 0.26 eV, indicating the higher occupancy of the antibonding electronic states for Ru to balance the HBE.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Findingown data
The overpotential at 100 mA cm-2 for CeO2-Ru aerogel significantly increased by 145.5 mV after adding 10 mM SCN- to the electrolyte.
“The overpotential at 100 mA cm -2 for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel significantly increased by 145.5 mV after adding 10 mM SCN -to the electrolyte (Figure S21, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The AEMWE constructed with NiFe-LDH as anode and CeO2-Ru aerogel as cathode exhibited excellent water splitting performance.
“Similarly, the AEMWE constructed with NiFe-LDH as the anode and CeO 2 -Ru aerogel as the cathode also exhibited excellent water splitting performance (Figure 6c; Figure S27b, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The positive charge at the Ru interface and the negative charge at the CeO2 interface demonstrate obvious electron transfer from Ru to CeO2 at the interface.
“The positive charge at the Ru interface and the negative charge at the CeO 2 interface demonstrated the obvious electron transfer from Ru to CeO 2 at the interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared with Li+, introduction of SCN- more severely poisoned the catalytic active Ru sites and deteriorated HER activity.
“Polarization curves demonstrated that, compared with Li + , the introduction of SCN -more severely poisoned the catalytic active Ru sites and deteriorated the HER activity (Figure S20, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Compared to Ru aerogel, the intensity of the O-H stretching vibration signals at 3235 and 3420 cm-1 notably increased for CeO2-Ru aerogel.
“Furthermore, compared to Ru aerogel, the intensity of the O-H stretching vibration signals at 3235 and 3420 cm -1 notably increased for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel, indicating the improved adsorption and activation of interfacial water at the Ru-O-Ce heterogeneous interface (Figure 4d).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In contrast to Ru and CeO2, the electronic structure of the as-formed CeO2-Ru heterostructure showed significant changes.
“As depicted in Figure 5a, in contrast to Ru and CeO 2 , the electronic structure of the as-formed CeO 2 -Ru heterostructure showed significant changes, indicating the effective charge redistribution at the interface of Ru and CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
During the HER process, deep-hydrogenation of CeO2 is prevented.
“for above characteristic peaks, unveiling the deletion of surface CeO-H species on the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel during the HER process and prevention the deep-hydrogenation of CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
According to Bader charge quantization, the charge transfer from Ru to CeO2 at the interface was 0.3 e-.
“According to the Bader charge quantization results, the charge transfer from Ru to CeO 2 at the interface was 0.3 e -, which was consistent with result of electron transfer observed in XPS and above analysis in work function.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Findingown data
During the HER process, surface CeO-H species on the CeO2-Ru aerogel are deleted.
“for above characteristic peaks, unveiling the deletion of surface CeO-H species on the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel during the HER process and prevention the deep-hydrogenation of CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The catalytic performance of the CeO2-Ru || IrO2 electrolyzer was significantly higher than that of the Ru || IrO2 electrolyzer.
“Figure 6b shows the polarization curves, indicating that the catalytic performance of the CeO 2 -Ru || IrO 2 electrolyzer was significantly higher than that of the Ru || IrO 2 electrolyzer.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The differential charge diagram depicted electron redistribution at the interface between Ru and CeO2.
“In addition, the differential charge diagram (Figure 5g) also clearly depicted the electron redistribution at the interface between Ru and CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Findingnone given
The CeO2-Ru aerogel was used as cathode to maintain excellent stability under industrial current densities in PEMWE and AEMWE.
“As a result, the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel exhibited outstanding HER activity with low overpotentials of 12.9 mV in 1.0 M KOH and 44.7 mV in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 to reach the current density of 10 mA cm -2 , and it was further used as the cathode to maintain excellent stability under the industrial current densities in PEMWE and AEMWE.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The CeO2-Ru aerogel achieved current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm-2 at cell voltages of 1.65 V and 1.78 V, respectively.
“The CeO 2 -Ru aerogel achieved the current density of 500 and 1000 mA cm -2 under the cell voltage of 1.65 V and 1.78 V (Figure S27a, Supporting Information), which are much higher than the current density of 280 and 510 mA cm -2 for Ru aerogel, further confirming the constructed Ru-O-Ce heterojunction has superior catalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingcitation
The δ(H-O-H) and ν(O-H) bands appeared in both Ru and CeO2-Ru aerogels as the applied potential decreased.
“The 𝛿(H-O-H) and 𝜈(O-H) apparently appeared in both Ru and CeO 2 -Ru aerogels as the applied potential decreased.[51]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [51] 51. X. Zheng, X. Shi, H. Ning, R. Yang, B. Lu, Q. Luo, S. Mao, L. Xi, Y. Wang, Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 4209.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the electron distribution at the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce bridge boosts hydrogen bonding at Ru sites.
“In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the electron distribution at the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce bridge to boost hydrogen bonding at Ru sites”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that faster water adsorption and dissociation at the CeO2 sites enhance HER kinetics.
“and the faster water adsorption and dissociation at the CeO 2 sites to enhance the HER kinetics.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationcitation
The presence of both Ce3+ and Ce4+ species in CeO2 QDs suggested the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair could promote the formation of oxygen vacancies on the CeO2 surface.
“The presence of both Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ species in CeO 2 QDs suggested the Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ redox pair could promote the formation of oxygen vacancies on the CeO 2 surface.[41]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [41] 41. Z. Wang, Z. Huang, J. T. Brosnahan, S. Zhang, Y. Guo, Y. Guo, L. Wang, Y. Wang, W. Zhan, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 5349.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Constructing a heterogeneous interface by integrating distinct components with different electronic structure for Ru-based electrocatalysts can facilitate charge transfer, optimize adsorption and conversion of intermediates, and thereby enhance the HER intrinsic activity of Ru.
“In particular, constructing heterogeneous interface by integrating distinct components with different electronic structure for Ru-based electrocatalysts can facilitate the charge transfer, optimize the adsorption and conversion of intermediates, and thereby enhance the HER intrinsic activity of Ru. [17,18]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [17] 17. J. Li, Z. Xia, Q. Xue, M. Zhang, S. Zhang, H. Xiao, Y. Ma, Y. Qu, Small 2021, 17, 2103018.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [18] 18. D. Chen, R. Lu, R. Yu, Y. Dai, H. Zhao, D. Wu, P. Wang, J. Zhu, Z. Pu, L. Chen, J. Yu, S. Mu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, 202208642
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationcitation
The construction of Ru-O-Ce interface in CeO2-Ru aerogel was conducive to efficient dissociation of water molecule, thus significantly enhancing the performance of HER.
“Therefore, the construction of Ru-O-Ce interface in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel was conducive to the efficient dissociation of water molecule, thus significantly enhancing the performance of HER.[45]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [45] 45. Z. Dong, C. Zhou, W. Chen, F. Lin, H. Luo, Z. Sun, Q. Huang, R. Zeng, Y. Tan, Z. Xiao, H. Huang, K. Wang, M. Luo, F. Lv, S. Guo, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2400809.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
Building the heterogeneous interface for Ru-based electrocatalysts is an effective but challenging approach to improve the HER performance.
“Thus, building the heterogeneous interface for Ru-based electrocatalysts is an effective but challenging approach to improve the HER performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
The HER kinetics in alkaline media for Ru-based electrocatalysts is generally lower than that in acid due to the sluggish water decomposition process to break the O-H bond, which is the decisive step for hydrogen generation.
“The HER kinetics in alkaline media for Ru-based electrocatalysts is generally lower than that in acid due to the sluggish water decomposition process to break the O-H bond, which is the decisive step for hydrogen generation.[20]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [20] 20. H. Ze, Z. Yang, M. Li, X. Zhang, Y. A., Q. Zheng, Y. Wang, J. Tian, Y. Zhang, J. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 12538.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Metal oxides like TiO2, WO2, and ZrO2 are more pronounced to adsorb water molecules on the surface, and thus promote the cleavage of O-H bond and accelerate the HER kinetics.
“Metal oxides like TiO 2 , [21] WO 2 , [22,23] ZrO 2 [24] and so on are more pronounced to adsorb water molecules on the surface, and thus promote the cleavage of O-H bond and accelerate the HER kinetics.[25]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [21] 21. L. Jing, G. Jie, W. Yu, H. Ren, X. Cui, X. Chen, L. Jiang, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 472, 145009.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [22] 22. W. Ma, X. Yang, D. Li, R. Xu, L. Nie, B. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. Wang, G. Wang, J. Diao, L. Zheng, J. Bai, K. Leng, X. Li, Y. Qu, Adv. Sci. 2023, 10, 2303110.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [23] 23. X. Xie, Y. Fan, W. Tian, M. Zhang, J. Cai, X. Zhang, J. Ding, Y. Liu, S. Lu, J. Energy Chem. 2023, 83, 150.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [24] 24. M. Kim, S. h. Kim, J. Park, S. Lee, I. Jang, S. Kim, C. Y. Lee, O. J. Kwon, H. C. Ham, J. T. Hupp, N. Jung, S. J. Yoo, D. Whang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2300673.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Constructing the heterogeneous interface for Ru-based materials with metal oxides is proposed as an effective strategy to better improve the HER intrinsic activity.
“Therefore, constructing the heterogeneous interface for Ru-based materials with metal oxides is proposed as an effective strategy to better improve the HER intrinsic activity.[26]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] 26. L. Deng, F. Hu, M. Ma, S. C. Huang, Y. Xiong, H. Y. Chen, L. Li, S. Peng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 22276.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
SCN- treatment poisons Ru sites.
“Similarly, Ru aerogel also suffered great increase in overpotential of 183.8 mV at 100 mA cm -2 before and after treating with SCN -(Figure S22, Supporting Information), further confirming the poisoning of Ru sites.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Theoretical calculations uncovered regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to balance H* adsorption.
“Thus, the theoretical calculations uncovered the regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to activate more active Ru sites, promote the water dissociation, and balance the H* adsorption, thus contributing to the enhanced HER electrocatalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationreasoning
For CeO2-Ru aerogel, the enriched H* adsorption resulted in higher HER activity in alkali compared to acid.
“Thus, for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel, the preferable adsorption of water molecules and the faster dissociation of water at the Ru-O-Ce interface enriched the adsorption of active H* species on Ru sites with moderate adsorption strength, thus resulted in the higher HER activity for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel in alkali compared to it in acid.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
SCN- ion can block metal-centered catalytic sites through strong coordination with metals.
“The Li + ion can selectively poison CeO-H species and exclude its effect on metal sites, and the SCN -ion can block metal-centered catalytic sites through strong coordination with metals.[52]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [52] 52. X. Mu, X. Zhang, Z. Chen, Y. Gao, M. Yu, D. Chen, H. Pan, S. Liu, D. Wang, S. Mu, Nano Lett 2024, 24, 1015.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
The highly porous structural feature and heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface for CeO2-Ru aerogel effectively promoted mass and electron transfer.
“Therefore, such highly-porous structural feature and the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel effectively promoted the mass and electron transfer, modulated the interfacial electronic structure for both Ru and CeO 2 , and facilitated the HER kinetics in both acidic and alkaline media, impelling the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel as the robust electrocatalyst for efficient HER.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
CeO2* surface is more favorable to water adsorption thermodynamically.
“In Figure 5d, compared with Ru* surface (-0.711 eV), Ru* interface (-0.577 eV), and CeO 2 * interface (-0.619 eV), CeO 2 * surface with the larger adsorption energy (-0.782 eV), was more favorable to the adsorption of water thermodynamically, which was in great agreement with above in situ analyses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationreasoning
Reduced hydrogen bonds enhance the mobility of water molecules at the interface.
“The increased 𝜈(O-H) signal indicates of the reduced amount of hydrogen bonds, which in turn enhances the mobility of water molecules at the interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The designed CeO2-Ru aerogel outperforms most previously reported noble metal-based electrocatalysts in PEMWE and AEMWE.
“Benefiting from the rich pore structure, good conductivity, and self-supporting properties of the metal aerogel, the designed CeO 2 -Ru aerogel outperforms most previously reported noble metal-based electrocatalysts in PEMWE and AEMWE, demonstrating its promising prospects for industrial-scale water electrolysis (Figure 6e,f) to efficiently generate hydrogen.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
In alkaline condition, H2O molecules are preferably adsorbed and dissociated into OH* and H* on the interfacial CeO2 sites (Volmer step).
“In alkaline condition, H 2 O molecules are preferably adsorbed and dissociated into OH* and H* on the interfacial CeO 2 sites (Volmer step).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The coupling of Ru and CeO2 greatly boosts the water dissociation ability to produce more active hydrogen species due to the good affinity to water by CeO2.
“Thus, the coupling of Ru and CeO 2 would greatly boost the water dissociation ability of water to produce more active hydrogen species due to the good affinity to water by CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationown data
Theoretical calculations uncovered regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to activate more active Ru sites.
“Thus, the theoretical calculations uncovered the regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to activate more active Ru sites, promote the water dissociation, and balance the H* adsorption, thus contributing to the enhanced HER electrocatalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationown data
The ΔG H* values indicate better promotion of H* binding at the Ru-O-Ce interface.
“In Figure 5e, the ΔG H* value at the Ru* site for Ru plane was -0.585 eV, while it of the Ru side at the CeO 2 -Ru interface was only -0.390 eV, further indicating the better promotion in the H* binding at the Ru-O-Ce interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Premisecitation
Li+ ion can selectively poison CeO-H species and exclude its effect on metal sites.
“The Li + ion can selectively poison CeO-H species and exclude its effect on metal sites, and the SCN -ion can block metal-centered catalytic sites through strong coordination with metals.[52]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [52] 52. X. Mu, X. Zhang, Z. Chen, Y. Gao, M. Yu, D. Chen, H. Pan, S. Liu, D. Wang, S. Mu, Nano Lett 2024, 24, 1015.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
Theoretical results confirmed the heterojunction interface in CeO2-Ru aerogel can modulate the d-band center of Ru to optimize the free energy for hydrogen adsorption.
“Theoretical results further confirmed the heterojunction interface in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel can boost the adsorption of water molecules at the interfacial CeO 2 sites and modulate the d-band center of Ru to optimize the free energy for hydrogen adsorption, resulting in the better HER kinetics and high activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationown data
The mechanism to enhanced HER property for CeO2-Ru aerogel is that strong interactions of Ru-O-Ce bonds significantly promote breaking of the H-OH bond to accelerate water dissociation.
“The mechanism to the enhanced electrocatalytic HER property for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel was explained by the in situ Raman and ATR-SEIRAS analyses, that the strong interactions of Ru-O-Ce bonds could significantly promote the breaking of H-OH bond to accelerate water dissociation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The constructed Ru-O-Ce heterojunction has superior catalytic activity.
“The CeO 2 -Ru aerogel achieved the current density of 500 and 1000 mA cm -2 under the cell voltage of 1.65 V and 1.78 V (Figure S27a, Supporting Information), which are much higher than the current density of 280 and 510 mA cm -2 for Ru aerogel, further confirming the constructed Ru-O-Ce heterojunction has superior catalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
An increased ν(O-H) signal indicates a reduced amount of hydrogen bonds.
“The increased 𝜈(O-H) signal indicates of the reduced amount of hydrogen bonds, which in turn enhances the mobility of water molecules at the interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The d-band center downshift indicates higher occupancy of antibonding electronic states for Ru to balance the HBE.
“Compared with pure Ru (-2.47 eV), the d-band center of CeO 2 -Ru was downshifted by 0.26 eV, indicating the higher occupancy of the antibonding electronic states for Ru to balance the HBE.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationreasoning
The highly porous structural feature and heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface for CeO2-Ru aerogel facilitated HER kinetics in both acidic and alkaline media.
“Therefore, such highly-porous structural feature and the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel effectively promoted the mass and electron transfer, modulated the interfacial electronic structure for both Ru and CeO 2 , and facilitated the HER kinetics in both acidic and alkaline media, impelling the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel as the robust electrocatalyst for efficient HER.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The relative energy level difference of 0.4 eV implies electron transfer from Ru to CeO2.
“The work function values for Ru and CeO 2 were 4.81 and 4.41 eV, respectively (Figure 5c), where the relative energy level difference of 0.4 eV implied the electron transfer from Ru to CeO 2 (Figure S23, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Theoretical calculations uncovered regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to promote water dissociation.
“Thus, the theoretical calculations uncovered the regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to activate more active Ru sites, promote the water dissociation, and balance the H* adsorption, thus contributing to the enhanced HER electrocatalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Premisecitation
The sluggish water dissociation process frequently limits the HER kinetics in alkali.
“However, the sluggish water dissociation process frequently limits the HER kinetics in alkali.[55,56]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [55] 55. T. Chao, W. Xie, Y. Hu, G. Yu, T. Zhao, C. Chen, Z. Zhang, X. Hong, H. Jin, D. Wang, W. Chen, X. Li, P. Hu, Y. Li, Energy Environ. Sci. 2024, 17, 1397.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [56] 56. G. Weng, S. Lei, R. Wang, K. Ouyang, J. Dong, X. Lin, J. Xue, L. Ding, H. Wang, Joule 2023, 7, 1333.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationown data
The electronic structure changes indicate effective charge redistribution at the interface of Ru and CeO2.
“As depicted in Figure 5a, in contrast to Ru and CeO 2 , the electronic structure of the as-formed CeO 2 -Ru heterostructure showed significant changes, indicating the effective charge redistribution at the interface of Ru and CeO 2 .”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The highly porous structural feature and heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface for CeO2-Ru aerogel modulated the interfacial electronic structure for both Ru and CeO2.
“Therefore, such highly-porous structural feature and the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel effectively promoted the mass and electron transfer, modulated the interfacial electronic structure for both Ru and CeO 2 , and facilitated the HER kinetics in both acidic and alkaline media, impelling the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel as the robust electrocatalyst for efficient HER.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The synergistic interaction between Ru and CeO2 significantly accelerates the alkaline HER kinetics.
“Based on above in situ Raman and ATR-SEIRAS results, the synergistic interaction between Ru and CeO 2 could jointly promote the adsorption and dissociation of water at the Ru-O-Ce interface and facilitate the formation of absorbed hydrogen, thereby significantly accelerating the alkaline HER kinetics.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The theoretical calculations' regulation contributes to enhanced HER electrocatalytic activity.
“Thus, the theoretical calculations uncovered the regulation in electron transfer at the Ru-O-Ce interface to activate more active Ru sites, promote the water dissociation, and balance the H* adsorption, thus contributing to the enhanced HER electrocatalytic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationown data
Theoretical results confirmed the heterojunction interface in CeO2-Ru aerogel can boost adsorption of water molecules at the interfacial CeO2 sites.
“Theoretical results further confirmed the heterojunction interface in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel can boost the adsorption of water molecules at the interfacial CeO 2 sites and modulate the d-band center of Ru to optimize the free energy for hydrogen adsorption, resulting in the better HER kinetics and high activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
- Interpretationown data
CeO2 as inactive sites played a synergistic role in building heterogeneous interface to avoid deep poisoning of Ru sites.
“Thus, from the overpotentials and Tafel slopes for CeO 2 -Ru and Ru aerogels before and after Li + or SCN - poisoning, it can be postulated that the activity of HER mainly relied on Ru sites at the interface, and CeO 2 as the inactive sites played the synergistic role in building heterogeneous interface to avoid deep poisoning of Ru sites.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The CeO2-Ru aerogel has promising prospects for industrial-scale water electrolysis.
“Benefiting from the rich pore structure, good conductivity, and self-supporting properties of the metal aerogel, the designed CeO 2 -Ru aerogel outperforms most previously reported noble metal-based electrocatalysts in PEMWE and AEMWE, demonstrating its promising prospects for industrial-scale water electrolysis (Figure 6e,f) to efficiently generate hydrogen.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The PEMWE and AEMWE tests under the reported conditions are representative of industrial-scale water electrolysis.
- Interpretationown data
The increased intensity of O-H stretching signals indicates improved adsorption and activation of interfacial water at the Ru-O-Ce heterogeneous interface.
“Furthermore, compared to Ru aerogel, the intensity of the O-H stretching vibration signals at 3235 and 3420 cm -1 notably increased for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel, indicating the improved adsorption and activation of interfacial water at the Ru-O-Ce heterogeneous interface (Figure 4d).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
HER activity mainly relied on Ru sites at the interface.
“Thus, from the overpotentials and Tafel slopes for CeO 2 -Ru and Ru aerogels before and after Li + or SCN - poisoning, it can be postulated that the activity of HER mainly relied on Ru sites at the interface, and CeO 2 as the inactive sites played the synergistic role in building heterogeneous interface to avoid deep poisoning of Ru sites.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The presence of CeO2 for Ru effectively accelerates water dissociation.
“In contrast to Ru aerogel, the bending vibration peak of H-O-H for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel displayed the significant enhancement and rapid attenuation as the potential decreased, indicating the effective acceleration of water dissociation with the presence of CeO 2 for Ru (Figure 4c).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
In acidic condition, free protons in solution are preferentially adsorbed to the Ru site at the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface, followed by reduction and desorption to generate hydrogen (Volmer-Tafel step).
“In acidic condition, the free protons in solution are preferentially adsorbed to the Ru site at the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface, followed by the reduction and desorption to generate hydrogen (Volmer-Tafel step).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 39
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 6
May combine two claims.
Findingnone givenCeO2-Ru aerogel is employed as excellent cathodes for both acidic and alkaline water electrolyzers with ampere-level current density and stable operation over 500 hours.
“Furthermore, CeO 2 -Ru aerogel is employed as excellent cathodes for both acidic and alkaline water electrolyzers with ampere-level current density and stably operated over 500 hours.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe optimized CeO2-Ru aerogel exhibited ultra-low overpotentials of 44.7 and 12.9 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm-2 in acid and alkali, respectively, exceeding commercial Pt/C remarkably.
“Impressively, the optimized CeO 2 -Ru aerogel exhibited ultra-low overpotentials of 44.7 and 12.9 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm -2 in acid and alkali, respectively, exceeding the commercial Pt/C remarkably.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe introduction of CeO2 QDs significantly regulated the crystal phase and crystallinity of Ru aerogel, leading to a mixture phase and lower crystallinity for CeO2-Ru aerogel with weaker signals and larger FWHM.
“However, the introduction of CeO 2 QDs significantly regulated the crystal phase and crystallinity of Ru aerogel, leading to the mixture phase and lower crystallinity for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel with weaker signals and larger full width at half maximum (FWHM), as the XRD pattern reflected in Figure 2a.[35]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [35] 35. R. Yao, K. Sun, K. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y. Du, Q. Zhao, G. Liu, C. Chen, Y. Sun, J. Li, Nat. Commun. 2024, 15, 2218.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataWhen CeO2-Ru aerogel was employed as the cathode material for both PEMWE and AEMWE, the electrocatalytic performances with higher activity of ampere-level current density and robust durability over 500 hours demonstrated the feasibility for practical hydrogen generation systems.
“When CeO 2 -Ru aerogel was employed as the cathode material for both proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), the remarkable electrocatalytic performances with higher activity of ampere-level current density and robust durability over 500 hours further demonstrated the feasibility of for practical hydrogen generation systems.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe CeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel exhibited superior specific activity in comparison to other catalysts, revealing higher intrinsic activity.
“Additionally, from the normalized polarization curves (Figure S11, Supporting Information), the CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel also exhibited superior specific activity in comparison to other catalysts to reveal the higher intrinsic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataThe selected area electron diffraction pattern exhibited the polycrystalline structure for Ru aerogel.
“while the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern also exhibited the polycrystalline structure for Ru aerogel.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe CeO2-Ru aerogel exhibited superior HER performance at higher current densities and demonstrated remarkable stability at the current density of 500 mA cm-2 in different media.
“In addition, the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel exhibited superior HER performance at higher current densities and demonstrated remarkable stability at the current density of 500 mA cm -2 in different media (Figure S17, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe fitted Cdl value of CeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel was 134.4 mF cm-2, much larger than those of Ru (94.1 mF cm-2), CeO2-Ru(1-5) (126.7 mF cm-2), and CeO2-Ru(3-1) (129.6 mF cm-2), manifesting exposure of more active sites due to interaction between Ru and CeO2.
“The fitted C dl value (134.4 mF cm -2 ) of CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel was much larger than those of Ru (94.1 mF cm -2 ), CeO 2 -Ru(1-5) (126.7 mF cm -2 ) and CeO 2 -Ru(3-1) (129.6 mF cm -2 ), manifesting the exposure of more active sites due to the interaction between Ru and CeO 2 (Figure S10, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationAt the open circuit potential, the characteristic peaks of OH* vibration and Ru-H bending vibration of the Ru aerogel were observed at 716 and 790 cm-1, respectively, and the signal gradually intensified as the potential decreased.
“At the open circuit potential (OCP), the characteristic peaks of OH* vibration and Ru-H bending vibration of the Ru aerogel were observed at 716 and 790 cm -1 , respectively (Figure 4a), [48,49] and the signal gradually intensified as the potential decreased.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [48] 48. A. Haryanto, K. Jung, C. W. Lee, D. Kim, J. Energy Chem. 2024, 90, 632.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [49] 49. S. Shen, Z. Hu, H. Zhang, K. Song, Z. Wang, Z. Lin, Q. Zhang, L. Gu, W. Zhong, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2022, 61, 202206460.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataFor CeO2-Ru aerogel, the SEM and TEM images displayed well preservation of the porous structure of Ru aerogel and uniform dispersion of CeO2 QDs on the surface during the anchoring process.
“For CeO 2 -Ru aerogel, the SEM and TEM images (Figure 1b,c) displayed the well preservation of the porous structure for Ru aerogel and the uniform dispersion of CeO 2 QDs on the surface during the anchoring process.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataCeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel exhibited the highest HER activity with the lowest overpotential of 12.9 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and the smallest Tafel slope of 20.5 mV dec-1, superior to Ru, CeO2-Ru(1-5), CeO2-Ru(3-1), and 20 wt.% Pt/C.
“Specifically, CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel exhibited the highest HER activity with the lowest overpotential of 12.9 mV at 10 mA cm -2 and the smallest Tafel slope of 20.5 mV dec -1 , superior to those of Ru (21.9 mV, 39.1 mV dec -1 ), CeO 2 -Ru(1-5) (15.0 mV, 36.4 mV dec -1 ), CeO 2 -Ru(3-1) (14.6 mV, 30.9 mV dec -1 ), and 20 wt.% Pt/C (13.9 mV, 31.1 mV dec -1 ), correspondingly (Figure 3c).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe lattice oxygen peak in the CeO2-Ru aerogel was significantly reduced by 0.4 eV, implying significant transfer and accumulation of electrons and interaction between Ru and CeO2 through the Ru-O-Ce bridge.
“Notably, the lattice oxygen peak in the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel was significantly reduced by 0.4 eV, implying the significant transfer and accumulation of electrons and the interaction between Ru and CeO 2 through the Ru-O-Ce bridge.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe charge transfer resistances of Ru, CeO2-Ru(1-5), CeO2-Ru(1-1), and CeO2-Ru(3-1) aerogels were 4.83, 3.31, 2.38, and 2.47 Ω, respectively, indicating faster electron transfer capability at the heterojunction interface of CeO2-Ru aerogel.
“In comparison to the Ru aerogel with the R ct value of 4.83 Ω, the CeO 2 -Ru(1-5), CeO 2 -Ru(1-1), and CeO 2 -Ru(3-1) aerogels demonstrated the smaller values of 3.31, 2.38, and 2.47 Ω, respectively, indicating the faster electron transfer capability at the heterojunction interface of CeO 2 -Ru aerogel.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataBoth CeO2-Ru(1-1) and Ru aerogels show Faradaic efficiency of >99%, while CeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel can generate a higher amount of hydrogen than Ru aerogel at the same time.
“Furthermore, the HER Faradaic efficiency and the hydrogen production amounts were determined by gas chromatography measurement, where both CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) and Ru aerogels show the Faradaic efficiency of >99%, while the CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel can generate the higher amount of hydrogen than that of Ru aerogel at the same time (Figure S12, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationWhen the OCP was reduced to -10 mV versus RHE, a prominent bending vibration peak of CeO-H was observed at 1540 cm-1, indicating hydrogen insertion into CeO2.
“Particularly, when the OCP was reduced to -10 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a prominent bending vibration peak of CeO-H was observed at 1540 cm -1 , indicating the hydrogen insertion into CeO 2 .[50]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [50] 50. X. Chen, X. Wang, J. Le, S. Li, X. Wang, Y. Zhang, P. Radjenovic, Y. Zhao, Y. Wang, X. Lin, J. Dong, J. Li, Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 5289.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataCeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel exhibited the best mass activity to achieve the current density of 1 A mg-1 noble metal with ultra-low overpotentials of 68.5 and 88.2 mV in 1.0 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4 solutions, respectively, and outperformed commercial Pt/C (100 and 108 mV).
“As summarized in Figure 3f, CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel exhibited the best mass activity to achieve the current density of 1 A mg -1 noble metal with the ultra-low overpotentials of 68.5 and 88.2 mV in 1.0 m KOH and 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 solutions, correspondingly, and outperformed those (100 and 108 mV) for the commercial Pt/C.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe CeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel displayed Pt-beyond HER performance with overpotentials of 44.7 and 75.1 mV to drive current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2, smaller than Ru, CeO2-Ru(1-5), CeO2-Ru(3-1), and commercial Pt/C.
“Furthermore, the CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel displayed the Pt-beyond HER performance with the overpotentials of 44.7, and 75.1 mV to drive the current density of 10 and 100 mA cm -2 , which are much smaller than those of Ru (67.0 and 144 mV), CeO 2 -Ru(1-5) (46.3 and 132 mV), CeO 2 -Ru(3-1) (45.9 and 107 mV), and even the commercial Pt/C (58.7 and 103 mV), respectively (Figure S13, Supporting Info”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn situ Raman and ATR-SEIRAS results confirmed that the formation of Ru and CeO2 heterogeneous interfaces for CeO2-Ru aerogel can effectively accelerate water adsorption and dissociation in alkali media, which contributes to the HER kinetics.
“In situ Raman and attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectra (ATR-SEIRAS) results confirmed that the formation of Ru and CeO 2 heterogeneous interfaces for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel can effectively accelerate water adsorption and dissociation in alkali media, which would obviously contribute to the HER kinetics.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe CeO2-Ru aerogel with an optimal CeO2/Ru ratio demonstrates excellent HER performance in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes, and is superior to many recently-reported electrocatalysts for HER.
“Based on the above results, the CeO 2 -Ru aerogel with an optimal CeO 2 /Ru ratio demonstrates excellent HER performance in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes, and is superior to many recently-reported electrocatalysts for HER (Figure 3g; Tables S3 and S4, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe XRD and Raman results for CeO2-Ru aerogel revealed the presence of both Ru and CeO2, indicating successful retention of the initial crystalline structures of Ru aerogel and CeO2 QDs during formation of the heterogeneous interface.
“Therefore, above XRD and Raman results for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel revealed the presence of both Ru and CeO 2 , indicating the successful retention of the initial crystalline structures of Ru aerogel and CeO 2 QDs during the formation of heterogeneous interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationThe lattice spacings of 0.312 and 0.234 nm are indexed to Ru (100) and CeO2 (111) planes, indicating the formation of heterogeneous interfaces between Ru aerogel and CeO2 QDs.
“The lattice spacings of 0.312 and 0.234 nm were indexed to Ru (100) and CeO 2 (111) planes, correspondingly, further indicating the formation of heterogeneous interfaces between Ru aerogel and CeO 2 QDs.[34]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [34] 34. X. Wang, X. Yang, G. Pei, J. Yang, J. Liu, F. Zhao, F. Jin, W. Jiang, H. Ben, L. Zhang, Carbon Energy 2023, 6, e391.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe specific surface areas of Ru aerogel and CeO2-Ru aerogel were 40.59 and 40.44 m2 g-1, respectively, verifying that introduction of CeO2 QDs into CeO2-Ru aerogel can maintain the porous structure of Ru aerogel.
“The nitrogen physisorption isotherms based on Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method revealed that the specific surface areas of Ru aerogel and CeO 2 -Ru aerogel were 40.59 and 40.44 m 2 g -1 , respectively, which further verified that the introduction of CeO 2 QDs into CeO 2 -Ru aerogel can maintain the porous structure of Ru aerogel (Figure S5, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataCeO2-Ru(1-1) aerogel delivered the smallest overpotential of 53.8 mV to reach the current density of 100 mA cm-2, which was also lower than 83.2 mV for 20 wt.% Pt/C.
“Besides, CeO 2 -Ru(1-1) aerogel delivered the smallest overpotential of 53.8 mV to reach the current density of 100 mA cm -2 , which was also lower than it of 83.2 mV for 20 wt.% Pt/C.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataTwo broad peaks at 3235 and 3420 cm-1 could be attributed to tetrahedral and octahedral coordinated water molecules at the interface, indicating a close correlation between formation of Ru-H bond and interfacial activation of water.
“Two broad peaks at 3235 and 3420 cm -1 could be attributed to the tetrahedral and octahedral coordinated water molecules at the interface, indicating the close correlation between the formation of Ru-H bond and interfacial activation of water.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataPost characterizations illustrate that the hierarchical morphology and crystalline structure of CeO2-Ru aerogel were well preserved after HER durability test, revealing good structural stability of CeO2-Ru aerogel as a robust HER electrocatalyst.
“Moreover, post characterizations illustrate that, the hierarchical morphology and the crystalline structure CeO 2 -Ru aerogel were well preserved after HER durability test (Figures S18 and S19, Supporting Information), further revealing the good structural stability of CeO 2 -Ru aerogel as the robust HER electrocatalyst.[46]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [46] 46. Z. Tao, H. Zhao, N. Lv, X. Luo, J. Yu, X. Tan, S. Mu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2312987.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe work function values for Ru and CeO2 were 4.81 and 4.41 eV, respectively.
“The work function values for Ru and CeO 2 were 4.81 and 4.41 eV, respectively (Figure 5c), where the relative energy level difference of 0.4 eV implied the electron transfer from Ru to CeO 2 (Figure S23, Supporting Information).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe ΔG H* value at the Ru* site for Ru plane was -0.585 eV, while at the Ru side of the CeO2-Ru interface it was -0.390 eV.
“In Figure 5e, the ΔG H* value at the Ru* site for Ru plane was -0.585 eV, while it of the Ru side at the CeO 2 -Ru interface was only -0.390 eV, further indicating the better promotion in the H* binding at the Ru-O-Ce interface.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataCompared with Ru, the work function of CeO2-Ru was increased to 4.60 eV, while the Fermi level was reduced to -2.80 eV.
“Compared with Ru, the work function of CeO 2 -Ru was increased to 4.60 eV, while the Fermi level was reduced to -2.80 eV.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe Ni3N-CeO2/NF heterostructure can optimize the interface water structure to enhance water adsorption, and reduce the d-band center of the active Ni site to tune the ΔG_H* close to zero via strong interaction, contributing to high HER property.
“For instance, Cao et al. [30] confirmed the Ni 3 N-CeO 2 /NF heterostructure can optimize the interface water structure to enhance water adsorption, and reduce the d-band center of the active Ni site to tune the ΔG H* close to zero via strong interaction, contributing to high HER property.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [30] 30. X. Ding, R. Jiang, J. Wu, M. Xing, Z. Qiao, X. Zeng, S. Wang, D. Cao, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2306786.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationBased on the Tafel plot, the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface significantly facilitates dissociation of interfacial water to generate adsorbed hydrogen intermediates, and faster turnover of Hads into H2 suggests the Volmer-Tafel process for CeO2-Ru aerogel to greatly enhance HER activity.
“Based on the Tafel plot, the heterogeneous Ru-O-Ce interface significantly facilitates the dissociation of interfacial water to generate adsorbed hydrogen intermediates (H ads ), and the faster turnover of H ads into H 2 suggests the Volmer-Tafel process for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel to greatly enhance the HER activity.[44]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [44] 44. L. Li, P. Wang, Q. Shao, X. Huang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2020, 49, 3072.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationDesigning Ru-based electrocatalysts via interface engineering strategies such as elemental doping, alloying, surface defects, and heterojunctions can significantly reduce the dosage and regulate the crystalline and electronic structure.
“Designing Ru-based electrocatalysts via interface engineering strategies such as elemental doping, [10] alloying, [11] surface defects, [12,13] and heterojunctions [14,15] can significantly reduce the dosage and regulate the crystalline and electronic structure.[16]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [10] 10. Y. Jeong, S. H. Ahn, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 437, 135322.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [11] 11. K. Wang, B. Li, W. Wei, J. Wang, Q. Shen, P. Qu, Nanoscale 2020, 12, 23740.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [16] 16. J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X. Feng, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1808167.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationBecause of the Ce4+/Ce3+ redox pair, ceria can significantly regulate the electronic structure of catalysts via electronic interaction and provide abundant adsorption sites for oxygen-containing intermediates due to its outstanding oxophilicity.
“Because of the Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ redox pair, ceria can not only significantly regulate the electronic structure of catalysts via electronic interaction, but also provide abundant adsorption sites for oxygen-containing intermediates due to its outstanding oxophilicity.[29]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [29] 29. X. Wang, X. Peng, Y. Zhang, J. Ni, C. Au, L. Jiang, Inorg. Chem. Front. 2019, 6, 396.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationCeO2 with unique 4f electronic structure of Ce is drawing increasing interests as an excellent cocatalyst to promote both noble metal- and transition metal-based electrocatalysts in various electrocatalytic reactions.
“As the typical rare earth oxide, the fluorite-type cerium oxide (CeO 2 , ceria) with unique 4f electronic structure of Ce is drawing increasing interests as the excellent cocatalyst to promote both noble metal-and transition metal-based electrocatalysts in various electrocatalytic reactions.[27,28]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [27] 27. T. Montini, M. Melchionna, M. Monai, P. Fornasiero, Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 5987.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [28] 28. H. Su, W. Gao, L. Li, H. Yuan, D. Wen, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2023, 11, 12317.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe synergistic effect for CeO2-Ru aerogel through the Ru-O-Ce bridge tunes the HER catalytic mechanism and reinforces the activity, realizing highly efficient hydrogen generation in water electrolysis.
“Thus, the synergistic effect for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel through the Ru-O-Ce bridge tunes the HER catalytic mechanism and reinforces the activity, realizing highly efficient hydrogen generation in water electrolysis.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe abundant porous structure is conducive to the exposure of active sites and the rapid transfer of reaction intermediates.
“The abundant porous structure is conducive to the exposure of active sites and the rapid transfer of reaction intermediates.[33]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [33] 33. J. Wang, C. Liang, X. Ma, P. Liu, W. Pan, H. Zhu, Z. Guo, Y. Sui, H. Liu, L. Liu, C. Yang, Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2307925.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe excellent stability can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between Ru and CeO2 heterojunction to improve the activity, and the hierarchical structure to promote efficient transportation of intermediates for CeO2-Ru aerogel.
“The excellent stability can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between Ru and CeO 2 heterojunction to improve the activity, and the hierarchical structure to promote the efficient transportation of intermediates for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationMetal aerogels have been widely used in electrocatalysis due to their unique structural advantages such as high porosity, low density, high conductivity, and excellent catalytic activity.
“Metal aerogels have been widely used in the field of electrocatalysis due to their unique structural advantages such as high porosity, low density, high conductivity, and excellent catalytic activity.[31,32]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [31] 31. O. Lori, N. Zion, H. C. Honig, L. Elbaz, ACS Catal 2021, 11, 13707.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [32] 32. W. Pan, C. Liang, Y. Sui, J. Wang, P. Liu, P. Zou, Z. Guo, F. Wang, X. R., C. Yang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2204166.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationMetal ruthenium is a cost-effective alternative to platinum with a similar small ΔG_H* for HER but requires rational modulation in component and structure to reinforce intrinsic activity.
“Compared to platinum (Pt) with the optimal ΔG H* but higher cost, metal ruthenium (Ru) as the cost-effective alternative exhibits the similar small ΔG H* is of great promise for HER but requires rational modulation in component and structure to reinforce the intrinsic activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [7] 7. J. Yu, Q. He, G. Yang, W. Zhou, Z. Shao, M. Ni, ACS Catal 2019, 9, 9973.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [8] 8. W. Luo, Y. Wang, C. Cheng, Mater. Today Phys. 2020, 15, 100274.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites [9] 9. Y. Yang, Y. Yu, J. Li, Q. Chen, Y. Du, P. Rao, R. Li, C. Jia, Z. Kang, P. Deng, Y. Shen, X. Tian, Nano-Micro Lett 2021, 13, 160.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe Ru-O-Ce interface in CeO2-Ru aerogel significantly promotes electron transfer between Ru and CeO2, which would consequently affect the HER performance remarkably.
“Therefore, above analyses demonstrated the Ru-O-Ce interface in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel significantly promotes the electron transfer between Ru and CeO 2 , which would consequently affect the HER performance remarkably.[43]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] 43. Z. Huang, X. Liao, W. Zhang, J. Hu, Q. Gao, ACS Catal 2022, 12, 13951.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe generated H* immediately migrated to the Ru site with an optimal strength at the Ru-O-Ce interface, and then converted into H2 by combining with each other (Tafel step).
“The generated H* immediately migrated to the Ru site with an optimal strength at the Ru-O-Ce interface, and then converted into H 2 by combining with each other (Tafel step).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningFor CeO2-Ru aerogel, preferable adsorption of water molecules and faster dissociation of water at the Ru-O-Ce interface enriched adsorption of active H* species on Ru sites with moderate adsorption strength.
“Thus, for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel, the preferable adsorption of water molecules and the faster dissociation of water at the Ru-O-Ce interface enriched the adsorption of active H* species on Ru sites with moderate adsorption strength, thus resulted in the higher HER activity for CeO 2 -Ru aerogel in alkali compared to it in acid.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe synergistic interaction between Ru and CeO2 jointly promotes the adsorption and dissociation of water at the Ru-O-Ce interface and facilitates the formation of absorbed hydrogen.
“Based on above in situ Raman and ATR-SEIRAS results, the synergistic interaction between Ru and CeO 2 could jointly promote the adsorption and dissociation of water at the Ru-O-Ce interface and facilitate the formation of absorbed hydrogen, thereby significantly accelerating the alkaline HER kinetics.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe modulation of the heterojunction interface results in better HER kinetics and high activity.
“Theoretical results further confirmed the heterojunction interface in CeO 2 -Ru aerogel can boost the adsorption of water molecules at the interfacial CeO 2 sites and modulate the d-band center of Ru to optimize the free energy for hydrogen adsorption, resulting in the better HER kinetics and high activity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
The paper relies on this without support.
The PEMWE and AEMWE tests under the reported conditions are representative of industrial-scale water electrolysis.
“To assess the electrocatalytic performance of the synthesized CeO 2 -Ru catalyst under simulated industrial conditions, commercial RuO 2 and NiFe-LDH/NF were employed as anodes to construct an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), respectively, [58,59] as the scheme given Figure 6a and the corresponding images of AEMWE and PEM”
The paper relies on this without support.
The DFT models (Ru(001) plane and CeO2-Ru interface) represent the catalytically relevant active sites of the CeO2-Ru aerogel.
“The hydrogen binding energy (HBE) was a key descript to estimate the HER activity of catalysts, and the ΔG H* was employed to assess the ability to activate the subsequent H* binding step at the Ru* site in Ru(001) plane and the Ru* side in CeO 2 -Ru (as models given Figure S25, Supporting Information).”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with Pt-based electrocatalysts as cathodes is sluggish because of the unfavorable activation of water.
“Alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with Pt-based electrocatalysts as the cathodes is still sluggish due to the unfavorable activation of water.”
From Electronic Interaction Enables Pt Nanoparticles on N‐Doped Porous Carbon Aerogel as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
Section 2.4, “Theoretical Investigations of CeO₂-Ru Catalyst” (page unavailable), says sluggish water dissociation frequently limits alkaline HER kinetics. The introduction applies this limitation specifically to Ru-based electrocatalysts, while Section 2.2 compares performance with commercial Pt/C. The paper does not establish that unfavorable water activation is what makes Pt-based cathodes sluggish. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Reported work-function change has the wrong direction
MajorThe stated Ru work function is 4.81 eV, so a CeO2-Ru value of 4.60 eV is lower, not increased relative to Ru.
“Compared with Ru, the work function of CeO 2 -Ru was increased to 4.60 eV”
“The work function values for Ru and CeO 2 were 4.81 and 4.41 eV, respectively”
PEMWE anode is identified as both RuO2 and IrO2
MajorThe device-construction description names commercial RuO2 as the PEMWE anode, but the reported PEMWE comparison uses IrO2 as its anode.
“commercial RuO 2 and NiFe-LDH/NF were employed as anodes to construct an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE), respectively”
“the catalytic performance of the CeO 2 -Ru || IrO 2 electrolyzer was significantly higher than that of the Ru || IrO 2 electrolyzer”
Ru (100) lattice spacing is assigned two values
MinorThe Ru (100) plane is assigned a spacing of 0.234 nm for the Ru aerogel but 0.312 nm for the CeO2-Ru aerogel. The text does not explain the different assignments.
“The lattice spacings of 0.312 and 0.234 nm were indexed to Ru (100) and CeO 2 (111) planes, correspondingly”
“The lattice spacings of 0.234 and 0.206 nm in the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image for Ru aerogel were respectively attributed to the (100) and (101) planes of metallic Ru”
PEMWE is called an anion-exchange device
MinorThe device identified as PEMWE is described here as an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, whereas the paper elsewhere identifies PEMWE as a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.
“an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE)”
“both proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE)”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Fan, H., Wan, X., Sun, S., Zhou, X., Bu, X., Ye, J., Bai, R., Lou, H., Chen, Y., Gao, J., Zhang, J., Gao, W., & Wen, D.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- Wenzhou University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gao, Wei
- Wen, Dan
- Venue
- Advanced Energy Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-02-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 22
- ISSN
- 1614-6832 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-6840
- OpenAlex
- W4407349880
- Semantic Scholar
- 475ee1cfdba9459cf3a0a5ba038d474716b9b3d4
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 23
- FWCI
- 9.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advanced Energy Materials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (22374119)
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (JCYJ20230807145659057)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Keywords
- hydrogen evolution reaction, water electrolysis, water adsorption and dissociation, electrocatalyst stability
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