CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 22Advanced Battery Materials and TechnologiesAdvancements in Battery MaterialsAdvanced battery technologies research

Revealing Cathode–Electrolyte Interface on Flower‐Shaped Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C Cathode through Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Open access
Ihsan-Ul-Haq, Muhammad, Cui, Jiang, Mubarak, Nauman, Xu, Mengyang, Shen, Xi, Luo, Zhengtang, Huang, Baoling, Kim, Jang-Kyo·2021·Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research
DOI 10.1002/aesr.202100072
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

The electrode–electrolyte interfaces play a critical role in influencing the cyclic stability, Coulombic efficiency, and safety of rechargeable batteries. Although there are many recent efforts for investigating the solid electrolyte interface formed on anodes, much less attention has been paid to examine the cathode–electrolyte interface (CEI) established on cathodes. Understanding of the chemistry, morphology, and structure of CEI layers is still illusive requiring further in‐depth characterization. The cryogenic electron microscopy is used to reveal a 1.1 nm thick CEI layer formed on a flower‐shaped, carbon‐coated Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (NVP/C) cathode in ether‐based electrolyte for Na‐ion batteries. The rationally designed NVP/C cathode delivers cyclic stability with a capacity retention of over 88% at 50 mA g −1 after 1600 cycles and an excellent high‐rate capability at up to 3200 mA g −1 . These findings may shed new light on the design of CEI layers to achieve high energy and power densities in rechargeable Na‐ion/metal batteries.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/aesr.202100072

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In the deconvoluted O 1s spectrum, peaks at 532.62 and 534.9 eV represent C-O/C-O-P and C=O/P=O bonds, respectively.

    “The presence of oxygenated functional groups was further confirmed by peaks at 532.62 and 534.9 eV in the deconvoluted O 1 s spectrum, which represented by C-O/C-O–P and C=O/P=O bonds, respectively (Fig. 5c)44.”

    From High-performance Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode for efficient low-temperature lithium-ion batteries (2025) · cites this paper as [44]

    Section 2.1 (Structure and Morphology; page not specified) says the deconvoluted O 1s spectrum corroborates oxygenated groups, but gives peaks at 531.4 and 532.5 eV, assigned to C=O and P–O–C, respectively. It does not support the claimed 532.62 and 534.9 eV values or their respective bond assignments. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 70

  1. M. Armand, J.-M. Tarascon, Nature 2008, 451, 652.
  2. N. Yabuuchi, K. Kubota, M. Dahbi, S. Komaba, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11636.
  3. J. Cui, S. Yao, J.-K. Kim, Energy Storage Mater. 2017, 7, 64.
  4. B. Dunn, H. Kamath, J. M. Tarascon, Science 2011, 334, 928.
  5. X. Xiang, K. Zhang, J. Chen, Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 5343.
  6. X. Zhang, X. Rui, D. Chen, H. Tan, D. Yang, S. Huang, Y. Yu, Nanoscale 2019, 11, 2556.
  7. H. Kim, I. Park, D. H. Seo, S. Lee, S. W. Kim, W. J. Kwon, Y. U. Park, C. S. Kim, S. Jeon, K. Kang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 10369.
  8. H. Li, X. Yu, Y. Bai, F. Wu, C. Wu, L. Y. Liu, X. Q. Yang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 9578.
  9. Q. Zheng, X. Ni, L. Lin, H. Yi, X. Han, X. Li, X. Bao, H. Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 4209.
  10. G. Li, D. Jiang, H. Wang, X. Lan, H. Zhong, Y. Jiang, J. Power Sources 2014, 265, 325.
  11. X. Zhu, Y. Fang, X. Ai, H. Yang, Y. Cao, J. Alloys Compd. 2015, 646, 170.
  12. S. Li, Y. Dong, L. Xu, X. Xu, L. He, L. Mai, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 3545.
  13. Y. Yao, Y. Jiang, H. Yang, X. Sun, Y. Yu, Nanoscale 2017, 9, 10880.
  14. Z. Wang, J. Liu, Z. Du, H. Tao, Y. Yue, Inorg. Chem. Front. 2020, 7, 1289.
  15. X. Rui, W. Sun, C. Wu, Y. Yu, Q. Yan, Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 6670.
  16. Y. Jiang, Z. Yang, W. Li, L. Zeng, F. Pan, M. Wang, X. Wei, G. Hu, L. Gu, Y. Yu, Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1402104.
  17. Y. Jiang, X. Zhou, D. Li, X. Cheng, F. Liu, Y. Yu, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1800068.
  18. Y. Zhao, K. R. Adair, X. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 2673.
  19. Y. Liu, Y. Zhu, Y. Cui, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 540.
  20. J. Wu, M. Ihsan-Ul-Haq, F. Ciucci, B. Huang, J.-K. Kim, Energy Storage Mater. 2021, 34, 582.
  21. X. Ren, X. Zhang, R. Xu, J. Huang, Q. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1908293.
  22. J. Li, W. Li, Y. You, A. Manthiram, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1801957.
  23. H. Maleki Kheimeh Sari, X. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 9, 1901597.
  24. D. Zhao, S. Li, Front. Chem. 2020, 8, 821.
  25. Y. Li, W. Huang, Y. Li, A. Pei, D. T. Boyle, Y. Cui, Joule 2018, 2, 2167.
  26. Q. Li, Y. Wang, X. Wang, X. Sun, J. N. Zhang, X. Yu, H. Li, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 2319.
  27. I. Takahashi, H. Kiuchi, A. Ohma, T. Fukunaga, E. Matsubara, J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124, 9243.
  28. J. Song, B. Xiao, Y. Lin, K. Xu, X. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1703082.
  29. Y. Li, W. Huang, Y. Li, W. Chiu, Y. Cui, ACS Nano 2020, 14, 9263.
  30. Y. Li, Y. Li, A. Pei, K. Yan, Y. Sun, C. Wu, L.-M. Joubert, R. Chin, A. L. Koh, Y. Yu, J. Perrino, B. Butz, S. Chu, Y. Cui, Science 2017, 358, 506.
  31. M. J. Zachman, Z. Tu, S. Choudhury, L. A. Archer, L. F. Kourkoutis, Nature 2018, 560, 345.
  32. J. Huang, X. Guo, X. Du, X. Lin, J. Q. Huang, H. Tan, Y. Zhu, B. Zhang, Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 12, 1550.
  33. M. Ihsan-Ul-Haq, H. Huang, J. Wu, J. Cui, S. Yao, W. G. Chong, B. Huang, J.-K. Kim, Nano Energy 2020, 71, 104613.
  34. M. Ihsan-Ul-Haq, H. Huang, J. Wu, N. Mubarak, A. Susca, Z. Luo, B. Huang, J.-K. Kim, Carbon 2021, 171, 119.
  35. Z. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Huang, H. Wang, W. Zhou, Y. Li, Y. Li, J. Xu, W. Huang, W. Chiu, Y. Cui, Matter 2021, 4, 302.
  36. J. Alvarado, M. A. Schroeder, M. Zhang, O. Borodin, E. Gobrogge, M. Olguin, M. S. Ding, M. Gobet, S. Greenbaum, Y. S. Meng, K. Xu, Mater. Today 2018, 21, 341.
  37. Y. Wu, X. Liu, L. Wang, X. Feng, D. Ren, Y. Li, X. Rui, Y. Wang, X. Han, G.-L. Xu, H. Wang, L. Lu, X. He, K. Amine, M. Ouyang, Energy Storage Mater. 2021, 37, 77.
  38. L. Ma, J. Cui, S. Yao, X. Liu, Y. Luo, X. Shen, J.-K. Kim, Energy Storage Mater. 2020, 27, 522.
  39. G. Chen, Q. Huang, T. Wu, L. Lu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 2001289.
  40. X. Yu, A. Manthiram, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018, 11, 527.
  41. S. Jiao, X. Ren, R. Cao, M. H. Engelhard, Y. Liu, D. Hu, D. Mei, J. Zheng, W. Zhao, Q. Li, N. Liu, B. D. Adams, C. Ma, J. Liu, J.-G. Zhang, W. Xu, Nat. Energy 2018, 3, 739.
  42. M. Li, C. Wang, Z. Chen, K. Xu, J. Lu, Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 6783.
  43. B. Hou, Y. Wang, Q. Ning, W. Li, X. Xi, X. Yang, H. Liang, X. Feng, X. Wu, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1903125.
  44. W. Song, X. Ji, Y. Yao, H. Zhu, Q. Chen, Q. Sun, C. E. Banks, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2014, 16, 3055.
  45. W. Duan, Z. Zhu, H. Li, Z. Hu, K. Zhang, F. Cheng, J. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A 2014, 2, 8668.
  46. Q. An, F. Xiong, Q. Wei, J. Sheng, L. He, D. Ma, Y. Yao, L. Mai, Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1401963.
  47. W. Shen, H. Li, C. Wang, Z. Li, Q. Xu, H. Liu, Y. Wang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 15190.
  48. A. S. Singh, J. H. Advani, A. V. Biradar, Dalt. Trans. 2020, 49, 7210.
  49. M. J. Aragón, P. Lavela, G. F. Ortiz, R. Alcántara, J. L. Tirado, Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 11845.
  50. M. Ihsan-Ul-Haq, H. Huang, J. Cui, S. Yao, J. Wu, W. G. Chong, B. Huang, J.-K. Kim, J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 20184.
  51. X. Wu, K. Gong, G. Zhao, W. Lou, X. Wang, W. Liu, RSC Adv. 2018, 8, 4595.
  52. L. Jiang, W. Zhu, H. Qian, C. Wang, Y. Chen, P. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. B 2019, 7, 5078.
  53. X. Li, Y. Huang, J. Wang, L. Miao, Y. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Qiu, C. Fang, J. Han, Y. Huang, J. Mater. Chem. A 2018, 6, 1390.
  54. G. Silversmit, D. Depla, H. Poelman, G. B. Marin, R. De Gryse, J. Electron Spectros. Relat. Phenomena 2004, 135, 167.
  55. Q. Chen, J. Wang, Z. Tang, W. He, H. Shao, J. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta 2007, 52, 5251.
  56. M. Fujioka, C. Wu, N. Kubo, G. Zhao, A. Inoishi, S. Okada, S. Demura, H. Sakata, M. Ishimaru, H. Kaiju, J. Nishii, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 17987.
  57. V. Kumar, Y. Wang, A. Y. S. Eng, M. F. Ng, Z. W. Seh, Cell Reports Phys. Sci. 2020, 1, 100044.
  58. J. Wang, W. Huang, A. Pei, Y. Li, F. Shi, X. Yu, Y. Cui, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 664.
  59. N. Elgrishi, K. J. Rountree, B. D. McCarthy, E. S. Rountree, T. T. Eisenhart, J. L. Dempsey, J. Chem. Educ. 2018, 95, 197.
  60. X. Huang, Z. Wang, R. Knibbe, B. Luo, S. A. Ahad, D. Sun, L. Wang, Energy Technol. 2019, 7, 1801001.
  61. X. Zhang, H. Jia, Y. Xu, L. Zou, M. H. Engelhard, B. E. Matthews, C. Wang, J.-G. Zhang, W. Xu, J. Power Sources Adv. 2020, 5, 100024.
  62. C. Tan, J. Yang, Q. Pan, Y. Li, Y. Li, L. Cui, X. Fan, F. Zheng, H. Wang, Q. Li, Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 410, 128422.
  63. W. Zhao, G. Zheng, M. Lin, W. Zhao, D. Li, X. Guan, Y. Ji, G. F. Ortiz, Y. Yang, J. Power Sources 2018, 380, 149.
  64. B. Liao, H. Li, M. Xu, L. Xing, Y. Liao, X. Ren, W. Fan, L. Yu, K. Xu, W. Li, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 1800802.
  65. X. Fan, L. Chen, O. Borodin, X. Ji, J. Chen, S. Hou, T. Deng, J. Zheng, C. Yang, S.-C. Liou, K. Amine, K. Xu, C. Wang, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 715.
  66. X. Cao, Y. Xu, L. Zhang, M. H. Engelhard, L. Zhong, X. Ren, H. Jia, B. Liu, C. Niu, B. E. Matthews, H. Wu, B. W. Arey, C. Wang, J. G. Zhang, W. Xu, ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 2529.
  67. X. Xing, Y. Li, X. Wang, V. Petrova, H. Liu, P. Liu, Energy Storage Mater. 2019, 21, 474.
  68. J. Liang, X. Zhang, X. Zeng, M. Yan, Y. Yin, S. Xin, W. Wang, X. Wu, J. Shi, L. Wan, Y. Guo, Angew. Chem. 2020, 132, 6647.
  69. S. Li, W. Zhang, Q. Wu, L. Fan, X. Wang, X. Wang, Z. Shen, Y. He, Y. Lu, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 14935.
  70. W. Zhang, Q. Wu, J. Huang, L. Fan, Z. Shen, Y. He, Q. Feng, G. Zhu, Y. Lu, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2001740.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ihsan-Ul-Haq, M., Cui, J., Mubarak, N., Xu, M., Shen, X., Luo, Z., Huang, B., & Kim, J.-K.
Affiliations
  • Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
Corresponding author
  • Huang, Baoling
  • Kim, Jang-Kyo
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-05-31
Volume
2
Issue
10
ISSN
2699-9412 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/aesr.202100072
OpenAlex
W3172713292
Cited by
22
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
FWCI
1.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (16212814, 16208718)
  • Innovation and Technology Fund (ITS/001/17)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced battery technologies research
Keywords
cathode-electrolyte interface, Na3V2(PO4)3, sodium-ion batteries, carbon coating, solid electrolyte interphase, ether-based electrolytes, cryo-electron microscopy, cycling stability, rate capability, layered vanadium phosphate

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review