How economic disadvantage affects the availability and nature of mentoring relationships during the transition to adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Supportive nonparental adults, particularly nonfamilial adults, provide critical support during the transition to adulthood, opening doors to educational and career paths. This study examined whether economic disadvantage shapes access to these relationships. Results showed that low-income adolescents had reduced access to naturally occurring mentors, and the relationships they did form tended to be close bonds with family and friends, rather than nonfamilial adults. Their mentors were more likely to focus on practical support, and less likely to serve as role models or provide career advice. These effects of socioeconomic status on natural mentoring relationships remained evident, even when accounting for youth race/ethnicity. Findings suggest that networks of support differ depending on a youth's socioeconomic context in ways that could perpetuate social and economic inequalities.
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Both mentors and program staff reported judgment calls and considerable suspicions on the part of parents that could jeopardize the relationship.
“However, both mentors and program staff reported judgment calls and considerable suspicions on the part of parents that could jeopardize the relationship [7,157,158,161].”
From Unpacking Community-Based Youth Mentoring Relationships: An Integrative Review (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
The Discussion (page unavailable) says assessments of mentoring relationships were based solely on youths’ perceptions and identifies reports from mentors as a need for future research. That contradicts the attribution of reports to mentors and program staff; the passages also do not describe parental suspicions. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredKin relationship ties tend to be more intensive but may be less able to serve as bridging social capital linking youth to educational and occupational opportunities.
“Although kin relationship ties tend to be more intensive, they may be less able to serve as ‘bridging’ social capital that can link youth to a wider range of educational and occupational opportunities (Raposa, Erikson, Hagler, & Rhodes, 2018).”
From Does Natural Mentoring Matter? A Multilevel Meta‐analysis on the Association Between Natural Mentoring and Youth Outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as Raposa, Erikson, Hagler, & Rhodes, 2018
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Validation of a youth social capital scale Informed by positive youth development
Boat, A. A., Seward, M. D., Wu, C., & Scales, P. C. (2024) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2024.2350442 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Christensen, K. M., & Poon, C. Y. S. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02153-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Role of Immigrant Generation and Mentors in Educational Attainment
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Natural mentoring for males of color transitioning to college
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Understanding patterns of hope from informal mentoring through latent class analysis
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Fostering Connections: How Mentoring Relationships Can Promote Youth Social Capital
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- Authors
- Raposa, E. B., Erickson, L. D., Hagler, M., & Rhodes, J. E.
- Affiliations
- William & Mary (US)
- Brigham Young University (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raposa, Elizabeth B.
- Venue
- American Journal of Community Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-02-05
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 191-203
- ISSN
- 0091-0562 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2770
- PMC
- PMC5837955
- OpenAlex
- W2793984668
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 11.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Community Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01‐HD31921)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mentoring and Academic Development
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Youth Education and Societal Dynamics
- Keywords
- natural mentoring, economic disadvantage, socioeconomic status, coming of age, low-income youth, family and friend relationships, role models, career guidance, social support networks, racial and ethnic differences, social inequality
- MeSH terms
- Mentoring, Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Interviews as Topic, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Poverty, Qualitative Research, Young Adult
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