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Muscularity in adult humans: Proportion of adipose tissue‐free body mass as skeletal muscle
Abstract
Muscularity, or the proportion of adipose tissue‐free body mass (ATFM) as skeletal muscle (SM), provides valuable body composition information, especially for age‐related SM loss (i.e., sarcopenia). Limited data from elderly cadavers suggest a relatively constant SM/ATFM ratio, 0.540 ± 0.046 for men (mean ± SD, n = 6) and 0.489 ± 0.049 for women (n = 7). The aim of the present study was to examine the magnitude and constancy of the SM/ATFM ratio in healthy adults. Whole‐body SM and ATFM were measured using multi‐scan magnetic resonance imaging. The SM/ATFM ratio was 0.528 ± 0.036 for men (n = 139) and 0.473 ± 0.037 for women (n = 165). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the SM/ATFM ratio was significantly influenced by sex, age, body weight, and race. The four factors explained 50% of the observed between individual variation in the SM/ATFM ratio. After adjusting for age, body weight, and race, men had a larger SM/ATFM ratio than women. Both older men and women had a lower SM/ATFM ratio than younger subjects, although the relative reduction was greater in men. After adjustment for sex, age, and body weight, there were no significant differences in the SM/ATFM ratios between Asian, Caucasian, and Hispanic subjects. In contrast, African‐American subjects had a significantly greater SM/ATFM ratio than subjects in the other three groups. In addition, the SM/ATFM ratio was significantly lower in AIDS patients than corresponding values in healthy subjects. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:612–619, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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It is reasonable to conclude that muscle loss accounted for at least half of the reduction in lean mass during the STEP-1 trial.
“However, it is reasonable to conclude that muscle loss accounted for at least half of the reduction in lean mass during the STEP‐1 trial.”
From Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin‐mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metabolic correlates of hominid brain evolution
Leonard, W. R., Robertson, M. L., Snodgrass, J. J., & Kuzawa, C. W. (2003) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(03)00132-6 · Cited by 277
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Self-citationBody composition analysis techniques in the aged adult: indications and limitations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, Z., Heo, M., Lee, R. C., Kotler, D. P., Withers, R. T., & Heymsfield, S. B.
- Affiliations
- St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (US)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Zimian
- Venue
- American Journal of Human Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-08-08
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 612-619
- ISSN
- 1042-0533 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6300
- OpenAlex
- W1991652909
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Human Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01dk042618-15)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01-DK42618)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- muscularity, skeletal muscle mass, body composition, sarcopenia, sex differences, age-related muscle loss, racial differences, African Americans, AIDS, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adipose Tissue, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Composition, Body Weight, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Muscle, Skeletal
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