Localization, induction, and cellular effects of tau phosphorylated at threonine 2171
Open accessAbstract
Introduction Tau phosphorylation at T217 is a promising Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker, but its functional consequences were unknown. Methods Human brain and cultured mouse neurons were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for total tau, tau pT217 , tau pT181 , tau pT231 , and tau pS396/pS404 . Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) super resolution microscopy was used to localize tau pT217 in cultured neurons. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tau was expressed in fibroblasts as wild type and T217E pseudo-phosphorylated tau, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) reported tau turnover rates on microtubules. Results In the brain, tau pT217 appears in neurons at Braak stages I and II, becomes more prevalent later, and co-localizes partially with other phospho-tau epitopes. In cultured neurons, tau pT217 is increased by extracellular tau oligomers (xcTauOs) and is associated with developing post-synaptic sites. FRAP recovery was fastest for EGFP-tau T217E . Conclusion Tau pT217 increases in the brain as AD progresses and is induced by xcTauOs. Post-synaptic tau pT217 suggests a role for T217 phosphorylation in synapse impairment. T217 phosphorylation reduces tau's affinity for microtubules. Highlights Validation of anti-tau phosphorylated at threonine-217 (tau pT217 ) specificity is essential due to epitope redundancy. tau pT217 increases as Alzheimer's disease progresses and is found throughout diseased neurons. tau…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ptau-217 localizes to neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads and correlates strongly with brain tau burden.
“Ptau-217 is a sensitive and specific marker of early AD pathology, localizes to neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, and correlates strongly with brain tau burden (16)(17)(18)(19)(20).”
Ptau-217 is a sensitive and specific marker of early AD pathology.
“Ptau-217 is a sensitive and specific marker of early AD pathology, localizes to neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, and correlates strongly with brain tau burden (16)(17)(18)(19)(20).”
Cites
1 retracted
Kandimalla, R. J. L., Mańczak, M., Yin, X., Wang, R., & Reddy, P. H. (2017) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddx381 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
RetractedResearch criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS–ADRDA criteria
Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., DeKosky, S. T., Barberger-Gateau, P., Cummings, J., Delacourte, A., Galasko, D., Gauthier, S., Jicha, G., et al. (2007) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70178-3 · Cited by 4,411 · see citing works
Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria
Dubois, B., Feldman, H. H., Jacova, C., Hampel, H., Molinuevo, J. L., Blennow, K., DeKosky, S. T., Gauthier, S., Selkoe, D., Bateman, R., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70090-0 · Cited by 3,321 · see citing works
A protein factor essential for microtubule assembly
Weingarten, M. D., Lockwood, A. H., Hwo, S. Y., & Kirschner, M. W. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.5.1858 · Cited by 3,089 · see citing works
Jack, C. R., Albert, M. S., Knopman, D. S., McKhann, G. M., Sperling, R. A., Carrillo, M. C., Thies, B., & Phelps, C. H. (2011) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.004 · Cited by 2,042 · see citing works
Palmqvist, S., Janelidze, S., Quiroz, Y. T., Zetterberg, H., Lopera, F., Stomrud, E., Su, Y., Chen, Y., Serrano, G. E., Leuzy, A., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12134 · Cited by 1,603 · see citing works
Janelidze, S., Mattsson, N., Palmqvist, S., Smith, R., Beach, T. G., Serrano, G. E., Chai, X., Proctor, N. K., Eichenlaub, U., Zetterberg, H., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0755-1 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
Hoover, B. R., Reed, M. N., Su, J., Penrod, R. D., Kotilinek, L. A., Grant, M. K., Pitstick, R., Carlson, G. A., Lanier, L. M., Yuan, L.-L., et al. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.030 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
von Bergen, M., Friedhoff, P., Biernat, J., Heberle, J., Mandelkow, E.-M., & Mandelkow, E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.10.5129 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Alonso, A. D. C., Zaidi, T., Novák, M., Grundke, I., & Iqbal, K. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.121119298 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
Ashton, N. J., Pascoal, T. A., Karikari, T. K., Benedet, A. L., Lantero-Rodriguez, J., Brinkmalm, G., Snellman, A., Schöll, M., Troakes, C., Hye, A., et al. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02275-6 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Inhibition of neuronal maturation in primary hippocampal neurons from tau deficient mice
Dawson, H. N., Ferreira, A., Eyster, M. V., Ghoshal, N., Binder, L. I., & Vitek, M. P. (2001) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.114.6.1179 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Palmqvist, S., Tideman, P., Cullen, N., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Initiative, T. A. D. N., Dage, J. L., Stomrud, E., Janelidze, S., Mattsson-Carlgren, N., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01348-z · Cited by 524 · see citing works
The microtubule binding domain of tau protein
Lee, G., Neve, R. L., & Kosik, K. S. (1989) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(89)90050-0 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Global Hairpin Folding of Tau in Solution
Jeganathan, S., von Bergen, M., Brutlach, H., Steinhoff, H.-J., & Mandelkow, E. (2006) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi0521543 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Prion-like behaviour and tau-dependent cytotoxicity of pyroglutamylated amyloid-β
Nussbaum, J. M., Schilling, S., Cynis, H., Silva, A., Swanson, E., Wangsanut, T., Tayler, K., Wiltgen, B., Hatami, A., Rönicke, R., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11060 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Self-citationLoPresti, P., Szuchet, S., Papasozomenos, S. C., Zinkowski, R. P., & Binder, L. I. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.22.10369 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Phosphorylation of different tau sites during progression of Alzheimer’s disease
Neddens, J., Temmel, M., Flunkert, S., Kerschbaumer, B., Hoeller, C., Loeffler, T., Niederkofler, V., Daum, G., Attems, J., & Hutter-Paier, B. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0557-6 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Tau aggregation is driven by a transition from random coil to beta sheet structure.
von Bergen, M., Barghorn, S., Biernat, J., Mandelkow, E., & Mandelkow, E. (2005) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2004.09.010 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Goode, B. L., Denis, P. E., Panda, D., Radeke, M. J., Miller, H. P., Wilson, L., & Feinstein, S. C. (1997) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.8.2.353 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Long‐term culture of mouse cortical neurons as a model for neuronal development, aging, and death
Lesuisse, C., & Martin, L. J. (2002) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10037 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Barthélemy, N. R., Bateman, R. J., Hirtz, C., Marin, P., Becher, F., Sato, C., Gabelle, A., & Lehmann, S. (2020) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00596-4 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Tau protein, the paired helical filament and Alzheimer's disease
Goedert, M., Klug, A., & Crowther, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2006-9s323 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Wilcock, D. M., Lewis, M. R., Nostrand, W. E. V., Davis, J., Previti, M. L., Gharkholonarehe, N., Vitek, M. P., & Colton, C. A. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5066-07.2008 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Clodfelder‐Miller, B., Zmijewska, A. A., Johnson, G. V. W., & Jope, R. S. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0485 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Pseudophosphorylation of tau protein alters its ability for self‐aggregation
Haase‐Kohn, C., Stieler, J., Arendt, T., & Holzer, M. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02287.x · Cited by 169 · see citing works
CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: use in early diagnosis and evaluation of drug treatment
Blennow, K. (2005) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.5.5.661 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: current utility and potential future use
Holtzman, D. M. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.003 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Nussbaum, J. M., Seward, M. E., & Bloom, G. S. (2013) · Prion · doi:10.4161/pri.22118 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationEidenmüller, J., Fath, T., Hellwig, A., Reed, J., Sontag, E., & Brandt, R. (2000) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi001290z · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Moloney, C. M., Labuzan, S. A., Crook, J. E., Siddiqui, H., Castanedes‐Casey, M., Lachner, C., Petersen, R. C., Duara, R., Graff‐Radford, N. R., Dickson, D. W., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12749 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Swanson, E., Breckenridge, L., McMahon, L. P., Som, S., McConnell, I., & Bloom, G. S. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170168 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular localization of p-tau217 in brain and its association with p-tau217 plasma levels
Wennström, M., Janelidze, S., Nilsson, K. P. R., Bank, T. N. B., Serrano, G. E., Beach, T. G., Dage, J. L., & Hansson, O. (2022) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-021-01307-2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Intraneuronal Tau Misfolding Induced by Extracellular Amyloid-β Oligomers
Rudenko, L. K., Wallrabe, H. K., Periasamy, A., Siller, K. H., Švindrych, Z., Seward, M. E., Best, M. N., & Bloom, G. S. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190226 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationKovács, G. G., & Gelpí, E. (2012) · Clinical Neuropathology · doi:10.5414/np300512 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Moussaed, M., Huc-Brandt, S., Cubedo, N., Silhol, M., Murat, S., Lebart, M., Kovács, G. G., Verdier, J., Trousse, F., Rossel, M., et al. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.029 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
González‐Ortiz, F., Vávra, J., Payne, E., Kirsebom, B., Sjöbom, U., dos Santos, C. P., Júlvez, J., Kramer, K., Zalcberg, D., Montoliu‐Gaya, L., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf221 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Meijer, L., Chrétien, E., & Ravel, D. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240078 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Datta, D., Perone, I., Wijegunawardana, D., Liang, F., Morozov, Y. M., Arellano, J. I., Duque, A., Xie, Z., van Dyck, C. H., Joyce, M. K. P., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13737 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Neuronal plasma biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke
Gundersen, J. K., González‐Ortiz, F., Karikari, T. K., Kirsebom, B., Mertes, K., Zetterberg, H., Kvartsberg, H., Rønning, O. M., Gísladóttir, B., Blennow, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x241293537 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
González‐Ortiz, F., Kirsebom, B., Yakoub, Y., Gundersen, J. K., Pålhaugen, L., Waterloo, K. K., Selnes, P., Jarholm, J. A., Gísladóttir, B., Rongve, A., et al. (2025) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000213676 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dysregulation of mTOR by tau in Alzheimer's disease
Bloom, G. S., & Norambuena, A. (2023) · Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.21782 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationAlanazi, N., Fitzgerald, M., Hume, P. A., Hellewell, S. C., Horncastle, A., Anyaegbu, C. C., Papini, M. G., Hargreaves, N., Halicki, M., Entwistle, I. R., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25147811 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hirota, Y., Sakakibara, Y., Morishima, M., Sano, T., Hara, M., Arakawa, A., Takao, M., Murayama, S., Saito, Y., Sekiya, M., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116203 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wennström, M., Schultz, N., Gallardo, P. M., Bank, T. N. B., Serrano, G. E., Beach, T. G., Bose, S., & Hansson, O. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13040331 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
P-tau217 as a Biomarker in Alzheimer’s Disease: Applications in Latin American Populations
Varela-Vidales, C. A., Martínez-Hernández, A., Hernández-Castellanos, E., & Delgado-Lara, D. L. C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26146633 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Latham, A. S., Geer, C. E., Ackart, D. F., Anderson, I. K., Vittoria, K. M., Podell, B. K., Basaraba, R. J., & Moreno, J. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1157652 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Does p-tau217 play a physiological reparative role in neonates and neurodegenerative diseases?
Daly, T. P., Pini, L., & Imbimbo, B. P. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf321 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Liu, W.-Z., Xue, M., Sheng, Z.-H., Wei, Y.-Q., Ma, Y., Li, J., Song, J., Chi, S., Ou, Y., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2026) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-026-07939-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Weir, J. S., Hanssen, K. S., Winter‐Hjelm, N., Sandvig, A., & Sandvig, I. (2024) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16625 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amyloid and tau pathologies cross-talk to promote Alzheimeŕs disease: novel mechanistic insights
Ávila, J., Hernández, F., & Perry, G. L. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.025 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Paclitaxel compromises nuclear integrity in interphase through SUN2-mediated cytoskeletal coupling
Hale, T., Hale, V. L., Kolata, P., dos Santos, Á., & Allegretti, M. (2025) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.264494 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tau proteoforms as plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms, measurement, and medicine
Kim, E., Lee, J. H., & Han, D. (2025) · Expert Review of Proteomics · doi:10.1080/14789450.2025.2611853 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sarkis, R. A., Yang, H., Liu, L., Lam, A. D., Pavlova, M., Lemus, H. N., Kozhemiako, N., Hankerson, A., Amariglio, R. E., Pennell, P. B., et al. (2026) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000218476 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impact of clinical severity on plasma p-tau performance in predementia Alzheimer’s diseasePreprint
González‐Ortiz, F., Kirsebom, B., Yakoub, Y., Gundersen, J. K., Pålhaugen, L., Waterloo, K. K., Selnes, P., Jarholm, J. A., Gísladóttir, B., Rongve, A., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.08.06.24311532 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Baumel, J., Lutz, M., Ding, C., Capal, J., Ritter, D., Krueger, D., Salter, A., Werner, K., & Liu, A. J. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.09.09.26362677
P-tau217 in Early Disease Detection: True Biomarker Value or Diagnostic Mirage?
Kaur, D., Khan, M. N., Agarwal, O. P., Kaur, J., Malik, S. A., & Kumar, A. (2026) · Pan-African Journal of Health and Psychological Sciences · doi:10.64261/ng288b81
- Authors
- Rajbanshi, B., Guruacharya, A., Mandell, J. W., & Bloom, G. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Software Carpentry (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bloom, George S.
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-01-12
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2874-2887
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC10336182
- OpenAlex
- W4315702465
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Cure Alzheimer's Fund
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od025156-01a1)
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG051085)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- tau phosphorylation
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Neurons, Phosphorylation, Threonine, tau Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review