Cited by 480Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesAnimal testing and alternativesPeripheral Neuropathies and Disorders

How to successfully apply animal studies in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to research on multiple sclerosis.

Steinman, Lawrence, Zamvil, Scott S.·2006·Annals of Neurology

Abstract

In their Point of View entitled "Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: A Misleading Model of Multiple Sclerosis," Sriram and Steiner(1) wrote, "The most disappointing aspect of EAE [experimental allergic encephalomyelitis] as a potential model for MS is its almost total inability to point toward a meaningful therapy or therapeutic approach for MS." Actually, EAE has led directly to the development of three therapies approved for use in multiple sclerosis (MS): glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, and natalizumab. Several new approaches to MS are in clinical trials based on positive indications in preclinical work relying on EAE. New clues to the pathogenesis of MS and new potential surrogate markers for MS are shown from research involving EAE when it is critically coupled with actual findings in MS. There are pitfalls in overreliance on the EAE model, or on any animal model for any human disease. Nevertheless, over the past 73 years, the EAE model has proved itself remarkably useful for aiding research on MS.

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Crossref · 10.1002/ana.20913

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Authors
Steinman, L., & Zamvil, S. S.
Affiliations
  • Stanford University (US)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author
Steinman, Lawrence
Venue
Annals of Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2006-06-26
Volume
60
Issue
1
Pages
12-21
ISSN
  • 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-8249
OpenAlex
W2140830894
Cited by
479
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 37
FWCI
5.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Multiple Sclerosis Society
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI059709)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal testing and alternatives
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
Keywords
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, animal models of disease, translational research, glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, natalizumab, MS pathogenesis, surrogate markers, preclinical drug development
MeSH terms
Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis

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