TMEM106B Effect on cognition in Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia

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Common variants at 7p21 are associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions

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Strikingly Different Clinicopathological Phenotypes Determined by Progranulin-Mutation Dosage

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<i>TMEM106B</i> regulates progranulin levels and the penetrance of FTLD in <i>GRN</i> mutation carriers

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TMEM106B , the Risk Gene for Frontotemporal Dementia, Is Regulated by the microRNA-132/212 Cluster and Affects Progranulin Pathways

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Normative Data for the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale

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The frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor, TMEM106B, regulates lysosomal morphology and function

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Differential clinicopathologic and Genetic features of late-onset amnestic dementias

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Progression in the LRRK2-Associated Parkinson Disease Population

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TMEM106B is a genetic modifier of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions

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Differential Aging Analysis in Human Cerebral Cortex Identifies Variants in TMEM106B and GRN that Regulate Aging Phenotypes

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Risk genotypes at TMEM106B are associated with cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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A Dementia-Associated Risk Variant near TMEM106B Alters Chromatin Architecture and Gene Expression

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TMEM106B risk variant is implicated in the pathologic presentation of Alzheimer disease

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The TMEM106B locus and TDP-43 pathology in older persons without FTLD

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Hippocampal sclerosis in Lewy body disease is a TDP-43 proteinopathy similar to FTLD-TDP Type A

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Baseline genetic associations in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI)

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Increased expression of the frontotemporal dementia risk factor TMEM106B causes C9orf72-dependent alterations in lysosomes

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Comparative survey of the topographical distribution of signature molecular lesions in major neurodegenerative diseases

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Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Longitudinal Study in Norwegian Memory Clinics

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New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

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Physiological and pathological functions of TMEM106B: a gene associated with brain aging and multiple brain disorders

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A growth-factor-activated lysosomal K+ channel regulates Parkinson’s pathology

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Loss of TMEM106B and PGRN leads to severe lysosomal abnormalities and neurodegeneration in mice

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rs1990622 variant associates with Alzheimer’s disease and regulates TMEM106B expression in human brain tissues

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The FTLD Risk Factor TMEM106B Regulates the Transport of Lysosomes at the Axon Initial Segment of Motoneurons

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Accumulation of TMEM106B C-terminal fragments in neurodegenerative disease and aging

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Distinct characteristics of limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy in Lewy body disease

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The genetic architecture of the human thalamus and its overlap with ten common brain disorders

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A role of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor TMEM106B in myelination

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Neuropathophysiology of lysosomal storage diseases: synaptic dysfunction as a starting point for disease progression

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TMEM106B aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: linking genetics to function

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Genetic architecture of common non-Alzheimer’s disease dementias

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Omics in Neurodegenerative Disease: Hope or Hype?

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Identification of TMEM106B amyloid fibrils provides an updated view of TMEM106B biology in health and disease

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Aged Tmem106b knockout mice display gait deficits in coincidence with Purkinje cell loss and only limited signs of non‐motor dysfunction

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Plasma MIA , CRP , and Albumin Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease

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TMEM106B deficiency impairs cerebellar myelination and synaptic integrity with Purkinje cell loss

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TMEM106B modifies TDP-43 pathology in human ALS brain and cell-based models of TDP-43 proteinopathy

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Genetically Predicted Telomere Length and Its Relationship With Alzheimer’s Disease

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TMEM106B regulates microglial proliferation and survival in response to demyelination

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Loss of TMEM106B exacerbates Tau pathology and neurodegeneration in PS19 mice

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Are ion channels potential therapeutic targets for Parkinson’s disease?

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The role of the endolysosomal pathway in α-synuclein pathogenesis in Parkinson’s disease

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Unearthing of Key Genes Driving the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease via Bioinformatics

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Immunogenetic Determinants of Parkinson’s Disease Etiology

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Temporal course of cognitive and behavioural changes in motor neuron diseases

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Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early versus late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain

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Case report: TMEM106B haplotype alters penetrance of GRN mutation in frontotemporal dementia family

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Genetics of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

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Mitochondrial dysfunction, cause or consequence in neurodegenerative diseases?

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TMEM106B Acts as a Modifier of Cognitive and Motor Functions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Increased TMEM106B levels lead to lysosomal dysfunction which affects synaptic signaling and neuronal health

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Loss of TMEM106B exacerbates C9ALS/FTD DPR pathology by disrupting autophagosome maturation

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The role of endolysosomal progranulin and TMEM106B in neurodegenerative diseases

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Lack of a protective effect of the Tmem106b “protective SNP” in the Grn knockout mouse model for frontotemporal lobar degeneration

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A common Alu insertion in the 3'UTR of TMEM106B is associated with risk of dementia

Rodney, A. R., Karanjeet, K. B., Benzow, K. A., & Koob, M. D. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14090 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

A recurrent TMEM106B mutation in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: A rapid diagnostic assay

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Mood and emotional disorders associated with parkinsonism, Huntington disease, and other movement disorders

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Gene-Specific Effects on Brain Volume and Cognition of TMEM106B in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

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Fronto-temporal dementia risk gene TMEM106B has opposing effects in different lysosomal storage disorders

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The roles and functions of TMEM protein family members in cancers, cardiovascular and kidney diseases (Review)

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Genome‐wide association studies of TDP‐43 proteinopathy and hippocampal sclerosis reveal shared genetic associations with APOE and TMEM106B

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Physiological and pathological functions of TMEM106B in neurodegenerative diseases

Zhu, M., Zhang, G., Meng, L., Xiao, T., Fang, X., & Zhang, Z. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05241-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Disease-modifying effects of TMEM106B in genetic frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal GENFI study

Mirza, S. S., Pasternak, M. M., Paterson, A. D., Rogaeva, E. A., Tartaglia, M. C., Mitchell, S. B., Black, S. E., Freedman, M., Tang‐Wai, D. F., Bouzigues, A., et al. (2025) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaf019 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

TMEM106B Puncta Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques, and Reduced Protein in Mice Results in Delayed Lipid Clearance Following CNS Injury

Shafit‐Zagardo, B., Sidoli, S., Goldman, J. E., DuBois, J. C., Corboy, J. R., Strittmatter, S. M., Guzik, H. M., Edema, U., Arackal, A. G., Botbol, Y. M., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12131734 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

An AluYb8 retrotransposon characterises a risk haplotype of TMEM106B associated in neurodegenerationPreprint

Salazar, A., Tesi, N., Knoop, L., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., van der Lee, S. J., Wijesekera, S., Křížová, J., Hiltunen, M. O., Daμμe, M., Petrucelli, L., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.16.23292721 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

TMEM106B C‐terminal fragments aggregate and drive neurodegenerative proteinopathy in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

Riordan, R., Saxton, A. D., Han, M., McMillan, P. J., Kow, R. L., Liachko, N. F., & Kraemer, B. C. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14468 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Divergent and convergent TMEM106B pathology in murine models of neurodegeneration and human disease

Du, M., Akerman, S. C., Fare, C. M., Ruan, L., Vidensky, S., Mamedova, L., Koo, K., Lee, J. Y., & Rothstein, J. D. (2025) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02087-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Multi-cohort, cross-species urinary proteomics reveals signatures of LRRK2 dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

Vu, D. T., Sibran, W., Metousis, A., Vandewynckel, L., Eraslan, B., Goveas, L. M., Itang, E. C. M., Deldycke, C., Garcia, A. F., Lefebvre, R., et al. (2026) · Molecular Systems Biology · doi:10.1038/s44320-026-00190-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Hypomyelination Leukodystrophy 16 (HLD16)-Associated Mutation p.Asp252Asn of TMEM106B Blunts Cell Morphological Differentiation

Sawaguchi, S., Ishida, M., Miyamoto, Y., & Yamauchi, J. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46080478 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

BIN3 rs2280104 T allele is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and altered network topology in Parkinson’s diseasePreprint

Chen, Z., Wu, B., Li, G., Zhou, L., Zhang, L., & Liu, J. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.23292760 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The TMEM106B T186S coding variant increases neurite arborization and synaptic density in primary hippocampal neurons

Nguyen, Q., Wood, C. A., Kim, P. J., & Jankowsky, J. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1275959 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Myristoylation of TMEM106B by NMT1/2 regulates TMEM106B trafficking and turnover

Lacrampe, A., Hou, D., Perez, I. G., Gong, B., Franco-Hernandez, N., Yee, A., Chen, W., Young-Chapon, M. A., Lin, H., & Hu, F. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110322 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Superresolution live-cell imaging reveals that the localization of TMEM106B to filopodia in oligodendrocytes is compromised by the hypomyelination-related D252N mutation

Xing, S., Zheng, X., Yan, H., Mo, Y., Duan, R., Chen, Z., Wang, K., Gao, K., Chen, T., Zhao, S., et al. (2023) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-022-2290-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Lifting the veils on transmembrane proteins: Potential anticancer targets

Lei, H., Fang, F., Yang, C., Chen, X., Li, Q., & Shen, X. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176225 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

TMEM106B knockdown exhibits a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson's disease models via regulating autophagy-lysosome pathway

Liu, Y., Qin, K., Dou, K., Ren, J., Hou, B., & Xie, A. (2024) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167553 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Frontotemporal dementia risk variant accelerates cognitive decline in Parkinson disease

Lemprière, S. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0196-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A common Alu element insertion in the 3’UTR of TMEM106B is associated with an increased risk of dementiaPreprint

Rodney, A. R., Karanjeet, K. B., Benzow, K. A., & Koob, M. D. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.555370 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Axon Initial Segment: Structure, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets

Song, D., Yuan, L., Yang, W., Li, W., & Li, J. (2026) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70689 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Calcium modulating ligand confers risk for Parkinson's disease and impacts lysosomes

Zhang, H., Kargilis, D., Tropea, T. F., Robinson, J. L., Shen, J., Brody, E. M., Brinkmalm, A., Sjödin, S., Berndt, A. J., Carceles‐Cordon, M., et al. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.52286 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Association of TMEM106B with Cortical APOE Gene Expression in Neurodegenerative Conditions

Picard, C., Miron, J., & Poirier, J. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15040416 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

TMEM106B is increased in Multiple Sclerosis plaques, and deletion causes accumulation of lipid after demyelinationPreprint

Shafit‐Zagardo, B., Sidoli, S., Goldman, J. E., DuBois, J. C., Corboy, J. R., Strittmatter, S. M., Guzik, H. M., Graff, S., & Nagra, R. M. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.05.490697 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

TMEM106B C-terminal fragments aggregate and drive neurodegenerative proteinopathyPreprint

Riordan, R., Saxton, A. D., McMillan, P. J., Kow, R. L., Liachko, N. F., & Kraemer, B. C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598478 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Associations between TMEM106B C‐terminal fragment aggregation, age, and TDP ‐43 or tau pathology

Acewicz, A., Tarka, S., Grzegorczyk, M., Rzepliński, R., Wierzba‐Bobrowicz, T., & Stępień, T. (2026) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.70090 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

FTLD‐TDP versus LATE‐NC: Experience of a Brain Bank specializing in FTLD‐TDP

Fischer, D. L., Spina, S., Miller, B. L., Seeley, W. W., & Grinberg, L. T. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.70411 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Risk and progression of frontotemporal dementia in carriers of the TMEM106B protective genotype and its relationship with TDP-43 pathology

Gomes, K. B. (2024) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-24-104 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Phenotypic Heterogeneity among GBA p.R202X Carriers in Lewy Body Spectrum Disorders

Napolioni, V., Fredericks, C. A., Kim, Y., Channappa, D., Khan, R. R., Kim, L. H., Zafar, F., Couthouis, J., Davidzon, G., Mormino, E. C., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10010160

Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early vs late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brainPreprint

Labadorf, A. T., Agus, F., Aytan, N., Cherry, J. D., Mez, J. B., McKee, A. C., & Stein, T. D. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494179

Analysis of Common Genetic Variation of Anxiety Disorders in Essential Tremor

Yan, Y., Cao, L., Gu, L., Xu, C., Lu, J., Lv, D., Tian, J., Yin, X., Pu, J., Zhang, B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-024-02226-2

Longitudinal trajectories of neuropsychological functions of MCI subtypes in population-based cohort of older adults

Long, X., Zhang, Z., Wen, S., Mo, L., Lin, J., & Xu, M. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104757

Higher neighborhood deprivation is associated with accelerated disease progression in behavioral‐variant frontotemporal degeneration

Boyle, R. T., Dehghani, N., Emrani, S., Wadhwani, A. R., Matyi, M. A., Cousins, K. A. Q., Rhodes, E., Nelson, B., Stites, S. D., Xie, S. X., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Behavior & Socioeconomics of Aging · doi:10.1002/bsa3.70045

Association of TMEM106B Gene rs1990622 Polymorphism with Cognitive Impairment in Adolescents with Depressive Disorder

Zhang, C., & Deng, K. (2025) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.2025.j123

Additional file 2 of Lack of a protective effect of the Tmem106b “protective SNP” in the Grn knockout mouse model for frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Cabron, A.-S., Borgmeyer, U., Richter, J., Peisker, H., Gutbrod, K., Dörmann, P., Capell, A., & Daμμe, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26564529

Additional file 1 of TMEM106B deficiency impairs cerebellar myelination and synaptic integrity with Purkinje cell loss

Feng, T., Luan, L., Katz, I. I., Ullah, M., Deerlin, V. M. V., Trojanowski, J. Q., Lee, E. B., & Hu, F. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19359709

Additional file 1 of Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early versus late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain

Labadorf, A. T., Agus, F., Aytan, N., Cherry, J. D., Mez, J. B., McKee, A. C., & Stein, T. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26573788

Additional file 1 of Lack of a protective effect of the Tmem106b “protective SNP” in the Grn knockout mouse model for frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Cabron, A.-S., Borgmeyer, U., Richter, J., Peisker, H., Gutbrod, K., Dörmann, P., Capell, A., & Daμμe, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26564526

Additional file 3 of Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early versus late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain

Labadorf, A. T., Agus, F., Aytan, N., Cherry, J. D., Mez, J. B., McKee, A. C., & Stein, T. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26573794

Additional file 2 of Inflammation and neuronal gene expression changes differ in early versus late chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain

Labadorf, A. T., Agus, F., Aytan, N., Cherry, J. D., Mez, J. B., McKee, A. C., & Stein, T. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26573791

TMEM106B deficiency exacerbates α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson’s disease

Meng, L., Liu, C., Li, M., Gong, H., Gu, X., Zou, W., Liu, H., Teng, H., Xiong, J., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awag065 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Vascular burden attenuates the TDP-43-TMEM106B pathological relationship in neurodegenerative disease with and without Alzheimer disease neuropathological change

Dopler, M. B., Corbett, W. C., Gonzalez, A. D., Ghaseminejad‐Bandpey, A., Keating, M., Clarke, K. M., Ogunbona, O. B., Maestre, G., Seshadri, S. S., Etemadmoghadam, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlag031

TMEM106B C-terminal fragments drive nucleocytoplasmic transport failure and TDP-43 mislocalization in the aging human brainPreprint

Tilahun, K., Parameswaran, J., Dudley, M., Pun, D., Ma, F., Zhang, J., Bolds, T. O., & Jiang, J. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.23.719939 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Contributions from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative

Weintraub, D. A., Dobkin, R. D., York, M. K., Chahine, L. M., Tropea, T. F., Marek, K., & Initiative, T. P. P. M. (2026) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.78254

Effects of transmembrane protein 106B genetic variations on disease progression in Parkinson’s disease

Zhao, W., Liang, X., Hu, B., Yu, W., Wu, J., Sun, Y. M., Wang, J., & Fan, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1873947

From biology to therapy: advances in progranulin-related neurodegenerative diseases

Hu, S., Qiu, K., Zhen, F., & Zhou, X. (2026) · Molecular Neurodegeneration Advances · doi:10.1186/s44477-026-00042-z

The Progression of Prion Diseases Is Not Altered in the Absence of TMEM106B

Bravo‐Risi, F., Orta, G. A., Kim, P. J., Wylie-Young, H., Stimming, T. H., Soto, P., Estrada, L. D., Jankowsky, J. L., & Morales, R. (2026) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0043-26.2026

Polygenic Risk Scores in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Scale View from Genes to Brain and Behavior

Angelopoulou, E., Stamelos, I. G., Sampatakakis, S. N., Papageorgiou, S. G., Scarmeas, N., Hatzimanolis, A., Proukakis, C., & Villa, C. (2026) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology15201805

Frontotemporal dementia risk variant accelerates cognitive decline in Parkinson disease

Lemprière, S. A. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-019-0196-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Effects of transmembrane protein 106B genetic variations on disease progression in Parkinson’s disease

Zhao, W., Liang, X., Hu, B., Yu, W., Wu, J., Sun, Y. M., Wang, J., & Fan, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1873947

Disease-modifying effects of TMEM106B in genetic frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal GENFI study

Mirza, S. S., Pasternak, M. M., Paterson, A. D., Rogaeva, E. A., Tartaglia, M. C., Mitchell, S. B., Black, S. E., Freedman, M., Tang‐Wai, D. F., Bouzigues, A., et al. (2025) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaf019 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Gene-Specific Effects on Brain Volume and Cognition of TMEM106B in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Vandebergh, M., Ramos, E. M., Corriveau‐Lecavalier, N., Ramanan, V. K., Kornak, J., Mester, C. T., Kolander, T. W., Brushaber, D. E., Staffaroni, A. M., Geschwind, D. H., et al. (2024) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000209832 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Genetic Regulation of TMEM106B in the Pathogenesis of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Gallagher, M. D. (2017) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)