The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Soft Robotics
Open accessAbstract
This description of “soft robotics” is not intended to be a conventional review, in the sense of a comprehensive technical summary of a developing field. Rather, its objective is to describe soft robotics as a new field—one that offers opportunities to chemists and materials scientists who like to make “things” and to work with macroscopic objects that move and exert force. It will give one (personal) view of what soft actuators and robots are, and how this class of soft devices fits into the more highly developed field of conventional “hard” robotics. It will also suggest how and why soft robotics is more than simply a minor technical “tweak” on hard robotics and propose a unique role for chemistry, and materials science, in this field. Soft robotics is, at its core, intellectually and technologically different from hard robotics, both because it has different objectives and uses and because it relies on the properties of materials to assume many of the roles played by sensors, actuators, and controllers in hard robotics.
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“The combination of soft robotics with e-skin can additionally provide the user with a safe, light, and low complexity mode of actuation without the high cognitive strain associated with its rigid and heavy counterpart.[33–35]”
From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
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Citations
Cites
Design, fabrication and control of soft robots
Rus, D., & Tolley, M. T. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14543 · Cited by 5,825
Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels
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Kim, D.-H., Lu, N., Ma, R., Kim, Y.-S., Kim, R.-H., Wang, S., Wu, J., Won, S. M., Tao, H., Islam, A., et al. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1206157 · Cited by 4,836
Monolithic Microfabricated Valves and Pumps by Multilayer Soft Lithography
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Skin-like pressure and strain sensors based on transparent elastic films of carbon nanotubes
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Shepherd, R. F., Ilievski, F., Choi, W., Morin, S. A., Stokes, A. A., Mazzeo, A. D., Chen, X., Wang, M. Y., & Whitesides, G. M. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116564108 · Cited by 2,142
Self-citationAn integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots
Wehner, M. F., Truby, R. L., Fitzgerald, D. J., Mosadegh, B., Whitesides, G. M., Lewis, J. A., & Wood, R. J. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature19100 · Cited by 2,139
Self-citationSoft robotics: a bioinspired evolution in robotics
Kim, S., Laschi, C., & Trimmer, B. (2013) · Trends in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.03.002 · Cited by 2,092
Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: A review
Ijspeert, A. J. (2008) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2008.03.014 · Cited by 1,896
Robot Analysis: The Mechanics of Serial and Parallel Manipulators
Tsai, L. (1999) · Cited by 1,848
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Direct Ink Writing: A 3D Printing Technology for Diverse Materials
Saadi, M. A. S. R., Maguire, A., Pottackal, N. T., Thakur, M. S. H., Ikram, M. M., Hart, A. J., Ajayan, P. M., & Rahman, M. M. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202108855 · Cited by 1,429
Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Electrodes and Their Future
Huang, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Ren, Z., & Guo, C. F. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201805924 · Cited by 855
Liquid Crystals: Versatile Self-Organized Smart Soft Materials
Bisoyi, H. K., & Li, Q. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00761 · Cited by 816
Functional Fibers and Fabrics for Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Human–Robot Interface
Xiong, J., Chen, J., & Lee, P. S. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202002640 · Cited by 653
Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics
Heng, W., Solomon, S., & Gao, W. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202107902 · Cited by 609
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitesides, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whitesides, George M.
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-03-08
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 4258-4273
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W4211124276
- Semantic Scholar
- 4899ed6fef8ac75874a202e3458e4a2c1151f926
- Cited by
- 850
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 127 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 140 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 14
- FWCI
- 5.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1420570)
- U.S. Department of Energy (# ER45852, DESC0000989)
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University (DMR- 1420570, 1420570)
- Hansjörg Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University
- Division of Materials Research (DMR 14–20570, 1420570)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Soft Robotics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Robotic Locomotion and Control
- Keywords
- soft robotics, soft actuators
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