Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites from poly lactic acid (PLA) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
Abstract
Biodegradable composites were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as the reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. PLA is polyester of lactic acid and MCC is cellulose derived from high quality wood pulp by acid hydrolysis to remove the amorphous regions. The composites were prepared with different MCC contents, up to 25 wt %, and wood flour (WF) and wood pulp (WP) were used as reference materials. Generally, the MCC/PLA composites showed lower mechanical properties compared to the reference materials. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) showed that the storage modulus was increased with the addition of MCC. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies on the materials showed that the composites were less crystalline than the pure components. However, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of materials showed that the MCC was remaining as aggregates of crystalline cellulose fibrils, which explains the poor mechanical properties. Furthermore, the fracture surfaces of MCC composites were indicative of poor adhesion between MCC and the PLA matrix. Biodegradation studies in compost soil at 58°C showed that WF composites have better biodegradability compared to WP and MCC composites. The composite performances are expected to improve by separation of the cellulose aggregates to microfibrils and with improved adhesion. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2014–2025, 2005
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New chain extenders can replace esterification adjuvants, but chain extenders and polymer impurities are toxic and nonbiodegradable.
“Although later studies found that new chain extenders could replace the esterification of the above-mentioned adjuvants, there is still the problem that chain extenders and polymer impurities are toxic and nonbiodegradable [41].”
From Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
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- Authors
- Mathew, A. P., Oksman, K., & Sain, M.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Oksman, Kristiina
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-06-23
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2014-2025
- ISSN
- 0021-8995 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2076658816
- Cited by
- 851
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 70 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Polymer Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Keywords
- biodegradable composites, polylactic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, mechanical properties, wood flour, wood pulp, storage modulus, crystallinity, interfacial adhesion, biodegradation, compost soil
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