Recycling of Polymers: A Review
Abstract
Plastics are inexpensive, easy to mold, and lightweight. These and many other advantages make them very promising candidates for commercial applications. In many areas, they have substantially suppressed traditional materials. However, the problem of recycling still is a major challenge. There are both technological and economic issues that restrain the progress in this field. Herein, a state‐of‐art overview of recycling is provided together with an outlook for the future by using popular polymers such as polyolefins, poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethane, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) as examples. Different types of recycling, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and biological recycling, are discussed together with related issues, such as compatibilization and cross‐linking. There are various projects in the European Union on research and application of these recycling approaches; selected examples are provided in this article. Their progress is mirrored by granted patents, most of which have a very limited scope and narrowly cover certain technologies. Global introduction of waste utilization techniques to the polymer market is currently not fully developed, but has an enormous potential.
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The presence of water could result in chain scission and decrease in molecular weight during the melting reprocessing of PET.
“The presence of water could result in chain scission and decrease in molecular weight during the melting reprocessing.395”
From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [395]
This is due to a common downgrading problem of mechanical recycling, that is, the recovered plastics tend to lose some quality attributes of the virgin plastics, such as color, clarity, or mechanical properties.
“This is due to a common downgrading problem of mechanical recycling, that is, the recovered plastics tend to lose some quality attributes of the virgin plastics, such as color, clarity, or mechanical properties.395”
From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [395]
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- Authors
- Ignatyev, I. A., Thielemans, W., & Vander Beke, B.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Venue
- ChemSusChem
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-05-08
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1579-1593
- ISSN
- 1864-5631 (ISSN-L)
- 1864-564X
- OpenAlex
- W2102908285
- Cited by
- 753
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 83 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ChemSusChem (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Keywords
- polymer recycling, plastic waste, secondary recycling, chemical recycling, biological recycling, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, compatibilization, crosslinking, waste utilization, patents
- MeSH terms
- Europe, Patents as Topic, Polymers, Waste Management, Recycling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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