Clinical effectiveness of a rehabilitation program integrating exercise, self‐management, and active coping strategies for chronic knee pain: A cluster randomized trial
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Chronic knee pain is a major cause of disability and health care expenditure, but there are concerns about efficacy, cost, and side effects associated with usual primary care. Conservative rehabilitation may offer a safe, effective, affordable alternative. We compared the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program integrating exercise, self‐management, and active coping strategies (Enabling Self‐management and Coping with Arthritic Knee Pain through Exercise [ESCAPE‐knee pain]) with usual primary care in improving functioning in persons with chronic knee pain. Methods: We conducted a single‐blind, pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants age ≥50 years, reporting knee pain for >6 months, were recruited from 54 inner‐city primary care practices. Primary care practices were randomized to continued usual primary care (i.e., whatever intervention a participant's primary care physician deemed appropriate), usual primary care plus the rehabilitation program delivered to individual participants, or usual primary care plus the rehabilitation program delivered to groups of 8 participants. The primary outcome was self‐reported functioning (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical functioning [WOMAC‐func]) 6 months after completing rehabilitation. Results: A total of 418 participants were recruited; 76 (18%) withdrew, only 5 (1%) due to adverse events. Rehabilitated participants had better functioning than participants continuing usual primary care (−3.33 difference in WOMAC‐func score; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −5.88, −0.78; P = 0.01). Improvements were similar whether participants received individual rehabilitation (−3.53; 95% CI −6.52, −0.55) or group rehabilitation (−3.16; 95% CI −6.55, −0.12). Conclusion: ESCAPE‐knee pain provides a safe, relatively brief intervention for chronic knee pain that is equally effective whether delivered to individuals or groups of participants.
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In patients with musculoskeletal pain, higher baseline depression predicted poorer physical functioning at 6 months, according to one study in a review.
“In the review on self-management programs in musculoskeletal pain [41], one study showed that higher levels of depression at baseline predicted poorer physical functioning at 6 months [44].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: Protocol of a systematic review and individual participant data meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Hurley, M. V., Walsh, N. E., Mitchell, H. L., Pimm, T. J., Patel, A., Williamson, E., Jones, R. H., Dieppe, P. A., & Reeves, B. C.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- University of the West of England (GB)
- De Montfort University (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hurley, M. V.
- Venue
- Arthritis Care & Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-09-28
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1211-1219
- ISSN
- 0893-7524 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-0123
- PMC
- PMC2673355
- OpenAlex
- W2098653239
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Arthritis Care & Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Repository (Kingston University London) (submittedVersion)
- UWE Research Repository (UWE Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Keywords
- chronic knee pain, knee osteoarthritis, rehabilitation programs, exercise therapy, self-management, active coping strategies, group rehabilitation, physical function, primary care, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Care, Treatment Outcome, Osteoarthritis, Knee
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