The protective effect of antimalarial drugs on thrombovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus
Abstract
Objective: The antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine has been proposed as a thromboprotective agent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but studies thus far have been limited by the possibility of confounding by indication. This study was conducted to assess whether exposure to antimalarial drugs is associated with a decrease in thrombovascular events (TEs) in patients with SLE. Methods: The study was designed as a nested case–control study embedded in an inception cohort of patients with SLE, which allowed adjustments for possible confounding by calendar year, duration of disease, duration of observation, and severity of lupus. After controlling for the possible confounding variables in conditional logistic regression models, the use of antimalarial drugs was assessed for its effects on the development of TEs in lupus patients. Results: Fifty‐four cases of TE were identified, and these were matched with 108 control subjects (lupus patients without TEs). Univariate analyses identified older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.01–1.07) or being older than age 50 years (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.4–8.6) and ever having hypertension (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0–5.8) as being associated with an increased risk of TEs, whereas use of antimalarial drugs (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.71) was associated with a decreased risk of TEs. Separate analyses were done for arterial and venous TEs, which yielded similar results. In multivariate analyses, use of antimalarial drugs (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.74) and older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07) were the only 2 variables that remained significant. Conclusion: The results from this nested case–control study demonstrate that, after accounting for the effects of disease severity, disease duration, and calendar year, antimalarial drugs were found to be thromboprotective, being associated with a 68% reduction in the risk of all TEs, with a range of risk reduction of at least 26% up to as high as 86%.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Prior retrospective and prospective studies have shown that hydroxychloroquine lowers the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
“Multiple retrospective and a few prospective studies (3–13) have found that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis.”
From Association of Higher Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels With Reduced Thrombosis Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus
Tan, E. M., Cohen, A. S., Fries, J. F., Masi, A. T., Mcshane, D. J., Rothfield, N. F., Schaller, J. G., Talal, N., & Winchester, R. J. (1982) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780251101 · Cited by 14,519 · see citing works
Lawrence, R. C., Felson, D. T., Helmick, C. G., Arnold, L. M., Choi, H. K., Deyo, R. A., Gabriel, S. E., Hirsch, R., Hochberg, M. C., Hunder, G. G., et al. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23176 · Cited by 5,500 · see citing works
Derivation of the sledai. A disease activity index for lupus patients
Bombardier, C., Gladman, D. D., Urowitz, M. B., Caron, D., Chang, C. H., Austin, A., Bell, A., Bloch, D. A., Corey, P. N., Decker, J. L., et al. (1992) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780350606 · Cited by 4,570 · see citing works
Self-citationSYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS DISEASE ACTIVITY INDEX
Gladman, D. D., Ibañez, D., & Urowitz, M. B. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04434-9.50060-9 · Cited by 2,928 · see citing works
Self-citationGladman, D. D., Ginzler, E. M., Goldsmith, C. H., Fortin, P. R., Liang, M. H., Sánchez‐Guerrero, J., Urowitz, M. B., Bacon, P., Bombardieri, S., Hanly, J. G., et al. (1996) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780390303 · Cited by 2,589 · see citing works
Self-citationEstimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part I
Helmick, C. G., Felson, D. T., Lawrence, R. C., Gabriel, S. E., Hirsch, R., Kwoh, C. K., Liang, M. H., Kremers, H. M., Mayes, M. D., Merkel, P. A., et al. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23177 · Cited by 2,054 · see citing works
Levine, J. S., Branch, D. W., & Rauch, J. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra002974 · Cited by 1,524 · see citing works
Prevalence and Correlates of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Roman, M. J., Shanker, B., Davis, A., Lockshin, M. D., Sammaritano, L. R., Simantov, R., Crow, M. K., Schwartz, J. E., Paget, S. A., Devereux, R. B., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa035471 · Cited by 1,422 · see citing works
The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group* (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199101173240303 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Alarcón, G. S., McGwin, G., Bertoli, A. M., Fessler, B. J., Alén, J. C., Bastian, H. M., Vilá, L. M., & Reveille, J. D. (2007) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.068676 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Tektonidou, M. G., Laskari, K., Panagiotakos, D. B., & Moutsopoulos, H. M. (2009) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.24232 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Changing Patterns in Mortality and Disease Outcomes for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Urowitz, M. B., Gladman, D. D., Tom, B. D. M., Ibañez, D., & Farewell, V. T. (2008) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.080214 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationAlarcón-Segovia, D., Pérez-Vázquez, M. E., Villa, A. R., Drenkard, C., & Cabiedes, J. (1992) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/0049-0172(92)90021-5 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Kaiser, R., Cleveland, C. M., & Criswell, L. A. (2009) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2008.093013 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Rand, J. H., Wu, X.-X., Quinn, A. S., Chen, P. P., Hathcock, J. J., & Taatjes, D. J. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-144204 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
(2002) · PubMed · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Statistical Models in Epidemiology
Ziegel, E. R., Clayton, D., & Hills, M. (1995) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269644 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Thrombosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Hopkins Lupus Cohort Perspective
Petri, M. (1996) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3109/03009749609069986 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Bernatsky, S., Joseph, L., Pineau, C. A., Tamblyn, R. M., Feldman, D. E., & Clarke, A. E. (2007) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem233 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Molad, Y., Gorshtein, A., Wysenbeek, A. J., Guedj, D., Majadla, R., Weinberger, A., & Amit-Vazina, M. (2002) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/0961203302lu203ra · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Ho, K. T., Ahn, C. W., Alarcón, G. S., Baethge, B. A., Tan, F. K., Roseman, J., Bastian, H. M., Fessler, B. J., McGwin, G., Vilá, L. M., et al. (2005) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kei014 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Bessant, R., Duncan, R., Ambler, G., Swanton, J., Isenberg, D. A., Gordon, C., & Rahman, A. (2006) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.22343 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Discontinuation of antimalarial drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Wang, C., Fortin, P. R., Li, Y., Panaritis, T., Gans, M., & Esdaile, J. M. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationIncidence rates of arterial and venous thrombosis after diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Shariati‐Sarabi, Z., Chang, E. R., Bobba, R. S., Ibañez, D., Gladman, D. D., Urowitz, M. B., & Fortin, P. R. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21314 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationCarter, A. E., & Eban, R. E. (1974) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5923.94 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
On the inhibitory effect of chloroquine on blood platelet aggregation
Jančinová, V., Nosál, R., & Petríková, M. (1994) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/0049-3848(94)90270-4 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mok, M. Y., Chan, E. Y. T., Fong, D., Leung, K. F. S., Wong, W. S., & Lau, C. S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine in Prophylaxis of Pulmonary Embolism Following Hip Arthroplasty
JOHNSON, R., & GHARNLEY, J. (1979) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/00003086-197910000-00029 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Chang, E. R., Pineau, C. A., Bernatsky, S., Neville, C., Clarke, A. E., & Fortin, P. R. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationLost-to-follow-up study in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Gladman, D. D., Koh, D.-R., Urowitz, M. B., & Farewell, V. T. (2000) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/096120300678828325 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSystemischer Lupus erythematosus und Antiphospholipidsyndrom
Gröne, H. J. (1996) · Der Pathologe · doi:10.1007/s002920050179 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome
Gröne, H.-J. (2016) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kew190.117 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hahn, B. H., McMahon, M. A., Wilkinson, A. H., Wallace, W. D., Daikh, D., FitzGerald, J. D., Karpouzas, G. A., Merrill, J. T., Wallace, D. J., Yazdany, J., et al. (2012) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.21664 · Cited by 1,464 · see citing works
Kaul, A., Gordon, C., Crow, M. K., Touma, Z., Urowitz, M. B., van Vollenhoven, R., Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., & Hughes, G. R. V. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.39 · Cited by 1,449 · see citing works
Self-citationSkendros, P., Mitsios, A., Chrysanthopoulou, A., Mastellos, D. C., Metallidis, S., Rafailidis, P., Ntinopoulou, M., Sertaridou, E., Tsironidou, V., Tsigalou, C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci141374 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Lisnevskaia, L., Murphy, G., & Isenberg, D. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60128-8 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine: From Malaria to Autoimmunity
Ben‐Zvi, I., Kivity, S., Langevitz, P., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2011) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-010-8243-x · Cited by 616 · see citing works
Arshad, S., Kilgore, P. E., Chaudhry, Z., Jacobsen, G., Wang, D. D., Huitsing, K., Brar, I., Alangaden, G. J., Ramesh, M. S., McKinnon, J. E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.099 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Rainsford, K. D., Parke, A. L., Clifford‐Rashotte, M., & Kean, W. F. (2015) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-015-0239-y · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Ruiz-Irastorza, G., Cuadrado, M., Ruiz-Arruza, I., Brey, R., Crowther, M., Derksen, R., Erkan, D., Krilis, S., Machin, S., Pengo, V, et al. (2011) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203310395803 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Al‐Bari, M. A. A. (2015) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkv018 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric lupus: new mechanistic insights and future treatment directions
Schwartz, N., Stock, A. D., & Putterman, C. (2019) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-018-0156-8 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation and immunity in atherosclerosis: how to proceed?
Engelen, S. E., Robinson, A., Zurke, Y.-X., & Monaco, C. G. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00668-4 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Gordon, C., Amissah-Arthur, M.-B., Gayed, M., Brown, S., Bruce, I. N., D’Cruz, D. P., Empson, B., Griffiths, B., Jayne, D. R. W., Khamashta, M. A., et al. (2017) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex286 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Erkan, D., Aguiar, C. L., ANDRADE, D. C. O. D., Cohen, H., Cuadrado, M. J., Danowski, A., Levy, R. A., Ortel, T. L., Rahman, A., Salmon, J. E., et al. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.053 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric SLE
Hanly, J. G. (2014) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2014.15 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Magder, L. S., & Petri, M. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws130 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with SLE—mechanisms and management
Skaggs, B. J., Hahn, B. H., & McMahon, M. A. (2012) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2012.14 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The role of antimalarial agents in the treatment of SLE and lupus nephritis
Lee, S., Silverman, E. D., & Bargman, J. M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2011.150 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Checa, C. M., Zirkzee, E. J. M., Huizinga, T. W. J., & Steup‐Beekman, G. M. (2016) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0534-3 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target of NETosis in diseases
Huang, J., Hong, W., Wan, M., & Zheng, L. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.162 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
New insights into mechanisms of therapeutic effects of antimalarial agents in SLE
Wallace, D. J., Gudsoorkar, V. S., Weisman, M. H., & Venuturupalli, S. R. (2012) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2012.106 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus: overview of current knowledge
Dima, A., Jurcuț, C., Chasset, F., Felten, R., & Arnaud, L. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x211073001 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Petri, M. (2011) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-010-0141-y · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Pons‐Estel, G., Andréoli, L., Scanzi, F., Cervera, R., & Tincani, A. (2016) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2016.10.004 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Both, T., Dalm, V. A. S. H., van Hagen, P. M., & van Daele, P. L. A. (2017) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.17718 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Sammaritano, L. R. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.101463 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine: A multifaceted treatment in lupus
Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., Dunogué, B., Morel, N., Guern, V. L., & Guettrot-Imbert, G. (2014) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2014.03.007 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Willis, R., Seif, A. M., McGwin, G., Martinez-Martinez, L.-A., González, E., Dang, N. N. A., Papalardo, E., LIU, J., Vilá, L., Reveille, J., et al. (2012) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203312437270 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive update
Giannelou, M., & Mavragani, C. P. (2017) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.008 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Sharma, T., Wasko, M. C., Tang, X., Vedamurthy, D., Yan, X. S., Cote, J. K., & Bili, A. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002867 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Arnaud, L., Mathian, A., Devilliers, H., Ruffatti, A., Tektonidou, M., Forastiero, R., Pengo, V., Lambert, M., Lefevre, G., Martinez-Zamora, M. A., et al. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.019 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Leroux, M., Desveaux, C., Parcevaux, M., Julliac, B., Gouyon, J., Dallay, D., Pellegrin, J., Boukerrou, M., Blanco, P., & Lazaro, E. (2015) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203315591027 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Akhavan, P. S., Su, J., Lou, W. Y. W., Gladman, D. D., Urowitz, M. B., & Fortin, P. R. (2013) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.120572 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationMultifaceted effects of hydroxychloroquine in human disease
Olsen, N. J., Schleich, M. A., & Karp, D. R. (2013) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.01.001 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Cohen, H., Cuadrado, M. J., Erkan, D., Duarte‐García, A., Isenberg, D. A., Knight, J. S., Ortel, T. L., Rahman, A., Salmon, J. E., Tektonidou, M. G., et al. (2020) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203320950461 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine: An old drug with new relevance
Shippey, E. A., Wagler, V. D., & Collamer, A. N. (2018) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.85a.17034 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Determinants of Hydroxychloroquine Blood Concentration Variations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Jallouli, M., Galicier, L., Zahr, N., Aumaître, O., Francès, C., Guern, V. L., Lioté, F., Смаил, А., Limal, N., Pérard, L., et al. (2015) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.39194 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Nuri, E., Taraborelli, M., Andreoli, L., Tonello, M., Gerosa, M., Calligaro, A., Argolini, L. M., Kumar, R., Pengo, V., Meroni, P. L., et al. (2017) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8812-z · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Yokogawa, N., Eto, H., Tanikawa, A., Ikeda, T., Yamamoto, K., Takahashi, T., Mizukami, H., Sato, T. Z., Yokota, N., & Furukawa, F. (2016) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.40018 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine as an anti-thrombotic in antiphospholipid syndrome
Belizna, C. (2015) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.12.006 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Unmet Needs in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Bakshi, J., Segura, B. T., Wincup, C., & Rahman, A. (2017) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8640-5 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Liu, D., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Kwong, J. S. W., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, C., Li, Q., Sun, X., Tian, H., et al. (2018) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s166893 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Kostopoulou, M., Nikolopoulos, D., Parodis, I., & Bertsias, G. K. (2019) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161118666191227101636 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Pragmatic approaches to therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus
Xiong, W., & Lahita, R. G. (2013) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2013.157 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Long-Term Survival and Death Causes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in China
Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Zhu, R., Tian, X., Xu, D., Wang, Q., Wu, C., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., et al. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000794 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The management of neuropsychiatric lupus in the 21st century: still so many unmet needs?
Govoni, M., & Hanly, J. G. (2020) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa404 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Fasano, S., Pierro, L., Pantano, I., Iudici, M., & Valentini, G. (2017) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.161351 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
McMahon, M. A., Hahn, B. H., & Skaggs, B. J. (2011) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1586/eci.10.98 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Koh, J. H., Ko, H. S., Kwok, S.-K., Ju, J. H., & Park, S.-H. (2014) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203314555352 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
BRODER, A., & PUTTERMAN, C. (2013) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.120157 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“LAC+ and/or at least 1 aPL ≥ 40 U 25 (28) 20 (22) 17 (19) LAC+ and aPL ≥ 40 U 7 (8) 4 (4) 4 (4) LAC– and aPL ≥ 40 U 6 (7) 2 (2) 1 (1) LAC+ and aPL < 40 U 1 (1) 3 (3) 1 (1) LAC unknown and aPL ≥ 40 U 11 (12) 11 (12) 7 (8) LAC unknown and aPL < 40 U 37 (41) 28 (31) 24 (27) At least 1 aPL ≥ 40 U 24 (27) 17 (19) 16 (18) A…”
Inhibition of NETosis for treatment purposes: friend or foe?
Chamardani, T. M., & Amiritavassoli, S. (2022) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-021-04315-x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine in lupus: emerging evidence supporting multiple beneficial effects
Tang, C., Godfrey, T., Stawell, R. J., & Nikpour, M. (2012) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02886.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Involvement in Autoimmune Diseases
Amaya‐Amaya, J., Montoya-Sánchez, L., & Rojas‐Villarraga, A. (2014) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2014/367359 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Antimalarials – are they effective and safe in rheumatic diseases?
Haładyj, E., Sikora, M., Felis‐Giemza, A., & Olesińska, M. (2018) · Reumatologia/Rheumatology · doi:10.5114/reum.2018.76904 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Neto, E. T. D. R., Kakehasi, A. M., Pinheiro, M. A. A., Ferreira, G. A., Marques, C. D. L., da Mota, L. M. H., Paiva, E. D. S., Pileggi, G. S., Sato, E. I., Gomides, A. P. M., et al. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia · doi:10.1186/s42358-020-00134-8 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Floris, A., Piga, M., Mangoni, A. A., Bortoluzzi, A., Erre, G. L., & Cauli, A. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/3424136 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cardiovascular disease in lupus
Knight, J. S., & Kaplan, M. J. (2013) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/bor.0b013e328363eba3 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Cimaz, R., & Descloux, É. (2006) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2006.05.005 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Feldman, C. H., Collins, J. E., Zhang, Z., Subramanian, S. V., Solomon, D. H., Kawachi, I. I., & Costenbader, K. H. (2018) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Aringer, M., Burkhardt, H., Burmester, G. R., Fischer‐Betz, R., Fleck, M., Graninger, W. B., Hiepe, F., Jacobi, A., Kötter, I., Lakomek, H. J., et al. (2011) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203311426569 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Belizna, C. C., Pregnolato, F., Abad, S., Alijotas‐Reig, J., Amital, H., Amoura, Z., Andréoli, L., Andrès, E., Aouba, A., Bilgen, Ş. A., et al. (2018) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.012 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Antimalarial-induced cardiomyopathy: a systematic review of the literature
Tselios, K., Deeb, M., Gladman, D. D., Harvey, P., & Urowitz, M. B. (2017) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203317734922 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationMok, C. C., Hamijoyo, L., Kasitanon, N., Chen, D. Y., Chen, S., Yamaoka, K., Oku, K., Li, M. T., Zamora, L. D., Bae, S., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00009-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Mok, C. C., Tse, S. M., Chan, K. L., & Ho, L. Y. (2017) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203317739129 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Garg, S., Unnithan, R., Hansen, K. E., Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., & Bartels, C. M. (2020) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24155 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Primary thrombosis prophylaxis in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: where do we stand?
Barbhaiya, M., & Erkan, D. (2011) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-010-0149-3 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Antiphospholipid syndrome: From pathogenesis to novel immunomodulatory therapies
Comarmond, C., & Cacoub, P. (2012) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.12.006 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
DiNicolantonio, J. J., & McCarty, M. F. (2020) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2020-001337 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Petri, M., Konig, M. F., Li, J., & Goldman, D. W. (2021) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.41621 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory therapy for cardiovascular disease
Kosmas, C. E., Silverio, D., Sourlas, A., Montan, P. D., Guzman, E., & García, M. J. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.02.34 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Quality of Care for Incident Lupus Nephritis Among Medicaid Beneficiaries in the United States
Yazdany, J., Feldman, C. H., Liu, J., Ward, M. M., Fischer, M. A., & Costenbader, K. H. (2013) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22182 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ünlü, O., Erkan, D., Barbhaiya, M., ANDRADE, D. C. O. D., Nascimento, I. S., Rosa, R. F., Banzato, A., Pengo, V., Ugarte, A., Gerosa, M., et al. (2018) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23584 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent advances in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric lupus
Legge, A. C., & Hanly, J. G. (2024) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-024-01163-z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Definitions of and contributions to cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus
Gustafsson, J. T., & Svenungsson, E. (2013) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.3109/08916934.2013.856005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Covid-19 treatment update: follow the scientific evidence
Becker, R. C. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-020-02120-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Feng, X., Chen, W., Xiao, L., Gu, F., Huang, J., Tsao, B. P., & Sun, L. (2016) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203316651738 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Heart failure in systemic lupus erythematosus
Dhakal, B. P., Kim, C. H., Al-Kindi, S. G., & Oliveira, G. H. (2017) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2017.08.015 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Babary, H., Liu, X., Ayatollahi, Y., Chen, X. P., Doo, L. D., Uppaluru, L. K., Kwak, M. K., Kulaga, C., Modjinou, D. V., Olech, E., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.13159 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Airway Diseases: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Implications
Jo, A., & Kim, D. W. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24055034 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Clément, M., Charles, N., Escoubet, B., Guedj, K., Chauveheid, M., Caligiuri, G., Nicoletti, A., Papo, T., & Sacré, K. (2015) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Pediatric lupus nephritis: Management update
Sinha, R., & Raut, S. (2014) · World Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.5527/wjn.v3.i2.16 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hsu, C., Lin, Y., Cheng, T., Syu, Y.-J., Lin, M., Lin, H.-F., Su, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, J., & Chen, T. (2018) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/key167 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine in systemic and autoimmune diseases: Where are we now?
Dima, A., Jurcuț, C., & Arnaud, L. (2021) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105143 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Inflammatory Rheumatological Conditions
Braun, J., Krüger, K., Manger, B., Schneider, M., Specker, C., & TRAPPE, H. J. (2017) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2017.0197 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Teague, H., & Mehta, N. N. (2016) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-015-0557-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fasano, S., Margiotta, D. P. E., Navarini, L., Pierro, L., Pantano, I., Riccardi, A., Afeltra, A., & Valentini, G. (2017) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203317722847 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Reiss, A. B., Jacob, B., Ahmed, S., Carsons, S. E., & DeLeon, J. R. (2021) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-021-01455-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Platelets in Rheumatic Diseases: Friend or Foe?
Gasparyan, A. Y., Ayvazyan, L., Pretorius, E., & Kitas, G. D. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161282004140213143843 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Platelet-bound C4d, low C3 and lupus anticoagulant associate with thrombosis in SLE
Petri, M., Conklin, J., O’Malley, T., & Dervieux, T. (2019) · Lupus Science & Medicine · doi:10.1136/lupus-2019-000318 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Haugaard, J. H., Dreyer, L., Ottosen, M. B., Gislason, G., Kofoed, K., & Egeberg, A. (2020) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.12.013 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Galarza-Maldonado, C. M., Kourilovitch, M., Molineros, J. E., Cardiel, M. H., Zurita, L., Soroka, N. F., Yagur, V., Doukh, N., & Cervera, R. (2010) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.08.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dyslipidaemia in patients with lupus nephritis
Chong, Y. B., Yap, D. Y. H., TANG, C. S., & Chan, T. M. (2011) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01456.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pediatric Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Aguiar, C. L., Soybilgic, A., Avčin, T., & Myones, B. L. (2015) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-015-0504-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Hsu, C.-Y., Lin, Y.-S., Su, Y.-J., Lin, H.-F., Lin, M.-S., Syu, Y.-J., Cheng, T.-T., Yu, S.-F., Chen, J.-F., & Chen, T.-H. (2017) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex357 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
New use for an old treatment: Hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment for systemic vasculitis
Casian, A., Sangle, S. R., & D’Cruz, D. P. (2018) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.016 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cardiovascular Disease
Jha, S. B., Rivera, A. P., Monar, G. V. F., Islam, H., Puttagunta, S. M., Islam, R., Kundu, S., & Sange, I. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.22027 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Antipalúdicos en dermatología: mecanismo de acción, indicaciones y efectos secundarios
Rodríguez-Caruncho, C., & Bielsa, I. (2012) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.ad.2012.10.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine use is not associated with QTc length in a large cohort of SLE and RA patients
Park, E., Giles, J. T., Perez-Recio, T., Piña, P., Depender, C., Gartshteyn, Y., Askanase, A., Bathon, J. M., & Geraldino-Pardilla, L. B. (2021) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-021-02646-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Therapeutic monitoring of the immuno-modulating drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus
Mok, C. C. (2016) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2016.1212659 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pediatric APS: State of the Art
Soybilgic, A., & Avčin, T. (2020) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-020-0887-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hydroxychloroquine affects bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo
Both, T., Zillikens, M. C., Schreuders‐Koedam, M., Vis, M., Lam, W., Weel, A. E. A. M., van Leeuwen, J. P. T. M., van Hagen, P. M., van der Eerden, B. C. J., & van Daele, P. L. A. (2017) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.26028 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jung, H., Bobba, R., Su, J., Shariati‐Sarabi, Z., Gladman, D. D., Urowitz, M., Lou, W., & Fortin, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Arthritis & Rheumatism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-02-25
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 863-868
- ISSN
- 0004-3591 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-0131
- OpenAlex
- W2024228574
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 12.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Arthritis & Rheumatism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Toronto
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (49509_1, 64336_1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- hydroxychloroquine, antimalarial drugs, systemic lupus erythematosus, venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism, hypertension, age as risk factor, confounding by indication
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antimalarials, Female, Humans, Hydroxychloroquine, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Male, Middle Aged, Thrombosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
