Evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and long-term management of thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: report of a task Force at the 13th International Congress on antiphospholipid antibodies
Open accessAbstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by the presence of thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in combination with the persistent presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies: lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies and/or anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies in medium to high titers. The management of thrombosis in patients with APS is a subject of controversy. This set of recommendations is the result of an effort to produce guidelines for therapy within a group of specialist physicians in Cardiology, Neurology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, with a clinical and research focus on APS.
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A high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile is associated with a greater risk of thrombotic and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome.
“High-risk antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profile is associated with greater risk for thrombotic and obstetric APS.”
From EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in asymptomatic individuals or in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus does not confirm antiphospholipid syndrome, but it can be associated with increased risk of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity depending on antibody characteristics and other risk factors.
“The presence of aPL in asymptomatic individuals or patients with SLE does not confirm the diagnosis of APS but can be associated with increased risk of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity, depending on aPL characteristics and coexistence of other risk factors.3 4”
From EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults (2019) · cites this paper as [3]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ruiz-Irastorza, G., Cuadrado, M., Ruiz-Arruza, I., Brey, R., Crowther, M., Derksen, R., Erkan, D., Krilis, S., Machin, S., Pengo, V, Pierangeli, S., Tektonidou, M., & Khamashta, M.
- Affiliations
- Autoimmune Disease Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of the Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
- King's College London (GB)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- McMaster University (CA)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Hospital for Special Surgery (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University College London (GB)
- University of Padua (IT)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Venue
- Lupus
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 206-218
- ISSN
- 0961-2033 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-0962
- OpenAlex
- W2132103149
- Cited by
- 506
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 30.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Lupus (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace - NTUA (National Technical University of Athens) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vasculitis and related conditions
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid syndrome, thromboprophylaxis, antiphospholipid antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, long-term anticoagulation, pregnancy morbidity
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Congresses as Topic, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Texas, Thrombosis, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, Advisory Committees
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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