Cited by 270scientometrics and bibliometrics researchWeb visibility and informetricsPsychology Research and Bibliometrics

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Differences in impact factor across fields and over time

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Althouse, Benjamin M., West, Jevin D., Bergstrom, Carl T., Bergstrom, Theodore·2009·Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

DOI 10.1002/asi.20936

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Abstract

The bibliometric measure impact factor is a leading indicator of journal influence, and impact factors are routinely used in making decisions ranging from selecting journal subscriptions to allocating research funding to deciding tenure cases. Yet journal impact factors have increased gradually over time, and moreover impact factors vary widely across academic disciplines. Here we quantify inflation over time and differences across fields in impact factor scores and determine the sources of these differences. We find that the average number of citations in reference lists has increased gradually, and this is the predominant factor responsible for the inflation of impact factor scores over time. Field‐specific variation in the fraction of citations to literature indexed by Thomson Scientific's Journal Citation Reports is the single greatest contributor to differences among the impact factors of journals in different fields. The growth rate of the scientific literature as a whole, and cross‐field differences in net size and growth rate of individual fields, have had very little influence on impact factor inflation or on cross‐field differences in impact factor.

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Authors: Althouse, B. M., West, J. D., Bergstrom, C. T., & Bergstrom, T.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
ORCID: Althouse, Benjamin M.
West, Jevin D.
Bergstrom, Carl T.
Venue: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-12-12
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-34
ISSN: 1532-2882 (ISSN-L)
1532-2890
DOI: 10.1002/asi.20936
OpenAlex: W1859177121
Cited by: 270
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 18.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: journal impact factor, disciplinary differences, citation practices, Journal Citation Reports, bibliometric indicators, scientific literature growth, journal influence

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Differences in impact factor across fields and over time

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks