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The operationalization of “fields” as WoS subject categories ( WC s) in evaluative bibliometrics: The cases of “library and information science” and “science & technology studies”

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Leydesdorff, Loet, Bornmann, Lutz·2016·Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

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Abstract

Normalization of citation scores using reference sets based on W eb of S cience subject categories ( WC s) has become an established (“best”) practice in evaluative bibliometrics. For example, the T imes H igher E ducation W orld U niversity R ankings are, among other things, based on this operationalization. However, WC s were developed decades ago for the purpose of information retrieval and evolved incrementally with the database; the classification is machine‐based and partially manually corrected. Using the WC “information science & library science” and the WC s attributed to journals in the field of “science and technology studies,” we show that WC s do not provide sufficient analytical clarity to carry bibliometric normalization in evaluation practices because of “indexer effects.” Can the compliance with “best practices” be replaced with an ambition to develop “best possible practices”? New research questions can then be envisaged.

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Authors: Leydesdorff, L., & Bornmann, L.
Affiliations: Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR) University of Amsterdam P.O. Box 15793, NL‐1001 NG Amsterdam The Netherlands
Max Planck Society (DE)
ORCID: Bornmann, Lutz
Venue: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-01-08
Volume: 67
Issue: 3
Pages: 707-714
ISSN: 2330-1635 (ISSN-L)
2330-1643
DOI: 10.1002/asi.23408
OpenAlex: W2591659376
Cited by: 129
References: 71
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 7
FWCI: 15.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
arxiv.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics: Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Web visibility and informetrics
Social Sciences › Library and Information Sciences › Library Science and Information
Keywords: library and information science, science and technology studies, journal classification, Times Higher Education World University Rankings, bibliometric analysis, best practices

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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The operationalization of “fields” as WoS subject categories ( WC s) in evaluative bibliometrics: The cases of “library and information science” and “science & technology studies”

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