Correlations between brain structures and study time at home in healthy children: a longitudinal analysis
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Like sleeping and eating habits, the study habits adopted by children when they are at home are important contributors to lifestyle and they affect cognitive ability. It has recently been reported that sleeping and eating habits change the brain structure of children. However, no research on the effect of study habits at home on the brain structure of children has been conducted thus far. We investigated the effects of study habits at home on the brain structures of healthy children by examining correlations between study time at home and changes in brain structure over the course of 3 years. METHODS: We used the brain magnetic resonance images of 229 healthy children aged 5.6-18.4 years and computed the changes (time 2-time 1) in regional gray matter and white matter volume (rWMV) using voxel-based morphometry. Whole-brain multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between study time at home and changes in rWMV in the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Behaviorally, we found a significant positive correlation between study time at home and change in the verbal comprehension index (VCI), one of the subscales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition (WISC-III). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Given that the SFG is involved in memory control and that the VCI measures abilities related to vocabulary, our results indicate that greater SFG involvement in the memorization component of longer study times may result in greater increases in the number of axons and more axon branching and myelination, causing plastic changes in the neural network involved in memory processes.
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Children's study habits at home influenced not only their cognitive ability but also the structure of their brains at some point.
“After a three-year longitudinal study, Asano et al. (2014) found that “children’s study habits at home influenced not only their cognitive ability but also the structure of their brains at some point” (p.809).”
From Differences of Mean Scores on the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT) for Classical Christian Schools Compared to Non-Classical Christian Schools (2019) · cites this paper as Asano et al. (2014)
Study time at home may have nonlinear effects on changes in brain structures; studying may significantly affect brain structures only when enough time has been devoted (e.g., more than 90 min).
“According to Asano et al. (2014), “furthermore, study time at home may have nonlinear effects on changes in brain structures… that is, studying may significantly affect brain structures only when enough time has been devoted to this activity (e.g., more than 90 min)” (p.808).”
From Differences of Mean Scores on the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT) for Classical Christian Schools Compared to Non-Classical Christian Schools (2019) · cites this paper as Asano et al. (2014)
There was a significant positive correlation between study time at home and change in the verbal comprehension index (VCI).
“Researchers concluded that there was evidence to find “a significant positive correlation between study time at home and change in the verbal comprehension index (VCI), one of the subscales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition (WISC-III)” (Asano et al., 2014, p. 801) as well as that increasing study times to 90 minutes or more may increase memory capacity and retrieval”
From Differences of Mean Scores on the Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT) for Classical Christian Schools Compared to Non-Classical Christian Schools (2019) · cites this paper as Asano et al., 2014
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Vaughan, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Research on Christian Education · doi:10.1080/10656219.2019.1704326 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Asano, M., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Takeuchi, H., Thyreau, B., Sassa, Y., Asano, K., & Kawashima, R.
- Affiliations
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Asano, Michiko
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain and Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-17
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 801-811
- ISSN
- 2157-9032 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-3279
- PMC
- PMC4212108
- OpenAlex
- W2061087688
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain and Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Keywords
- children, brain structure, white matter volume, gray matter volume, superior frontal gyrus, verbal comprehension, memory control, myelination, neuroplasticity, lifestyle habits, cognitive development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Habits, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Intelligence Tests, Language Tests, Learning, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Regression Analysis, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, White Matter, Gray Matter
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