The relationship between impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive function
Abstract
The present review integrates findings of published studies that have evaluated the cognitive function of treated and untreated type 2 diabetic patients and provides a detailed overview of the neuropsychological assessments conducted. Cognitive deficits are observed in older people with glucose intolerance or untreated diabetes but these deficits appear to be attenuated by treatments that improve glycemic control. Cognitive decrements in treated type 2 diabetic patients are most consistently observed on measures of verbal memory (35% of the measures) and processing speed (45% of the measures) while preserved function is observed on measures of visuospatial, attention, semantic and language function. Some studies suggest that deficits in cognitive functions are associated with poorer glycemic control. A number of other factors, such as depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, increase these deficits. We conclude that, in diabetic patients who achieve and maintain good glycemic control, type 2 diabetes only has a small impact on cognitive functions before the age of 70 years. However, early onset of type 2 diabetes, poor glycemic control and the presence of micro- and macrovascular disease may interact to produce early cognitive deficits. In older adults (70 years and over), diabetes likely interacts with other dementing processes such as vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease to hasten cognitive decline.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The association between weight regain and reduced attention likely involves the return of comorbid medical conditions or independent effects of adiposity.
“The mechanisms for this association likely involve the return of comorbid medical conditions that adversely impact cognitive function (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea) or even from the independent effects of adiposity.28–31”
From Cognitive Function After Bariatric Surgery: Evidence for Improvement 3 Years After Surgery (2014) · cites this paper as [29]
Only one of the review articles that summarised the available data on the relationship between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction provided a quantitative estimate.
“Indeed, only one [7] of the review articles that summarised the available data pertaining to this relationship [4, 6 -11] provided a quantitative estimate.”
From Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies (2005) · cites this paper as [7]
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,588 · see citing works
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,385 · see citing works
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,320 · see citing works
Sokoloff, L., Reivich, M., Kennedy, C., Rosiers, M. H. D., Patlak, C. S., Pettigrew, K. D., Sakurada, O., & Shinohara, M. (1977) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10649.x · Cited by 6,000 · see citing works
The Prevalence of Comorbid Depression in Adults With Diabetes
Anderson, R. J., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.1069 · Cited by 3,926 · see citing works
Kushner (2021) · doi:10.12788/jfp · Cited by 3,799 · see citing works
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III
Ryan, J. J., & Lopez, S. J. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1185-4_2 · Cited by 3,680 · see citing works
Neuropsychological assessment.
Lisa Cipolotti, A., & Warrington, E. K. (1995) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.58.6.655 · Cited by 3,234 · see citing works
Short-term retention of individual verbal items.
Peterson, L., & Peterson, M. J. (1959) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049234 · Cited by 2,939 · see citing works
Peter, H., Penzel, T., Peter, J. H., & Peter, J. G. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_302294 · Cited by 2,278 · see citing works
A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests
Selnes, O. A. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.11.1856-a · Cited by 2,268 · see citing works
A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking
Berg, E. A. (1948) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1948.9918159 · Cited by 2,255 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., van Harskamp, F., Pols, H. A. P., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1937 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Reynolds, C. R., & Powel, J. (1988) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/3.4.397 · Cited by 2,115 · see citing works
International Journal of Obesity
(2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/41366.1476-5497 · Cited by 2,092 · see citing works
Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits
Lupien, S. J., de Leon, M., de Santi, S., Convit, A., Tarshish, C., Nair, N. P. V., Thakur, M., McEwen, B. S., Hauger, R. L., & Meaney, M. J. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/271 · Cited by 1,653 · see citing works
Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status
Brandt, J., Spencer, M., & Folstein, M. F. (1988) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t28542-000 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes, APOE Gene, and the Risk for Dementia and Related Pathologies
Peila, R., Rodriguez, B. L., & Launer, L. J. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1256 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Increased incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents
Pinhas‐Hamiel, O., Dolan, L. M., Daniels, S. R., Standiford, D. A., Khoury, P. R., & Zeitler, P. S. (1996) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(96)80124-7 · Cited by 1,169 · see citing works
The Pathogenesis of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Epstein, F. H., Atkinson, M. A., & Maclaren, N. K. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199411243312107 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
Selective reminding for analysis of memory and learning
Buschke, H. (1973) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(73)80034-9 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus: Report of a WHO Study Group.
(1986) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-4-597_2 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Crook, T. H., Bartus, R. T., Ferris, S. H., Whitehouse, P. J., Cohen, G. D., & Gershon, S. (1986) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565648609540348 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Insulin Action, Diabetogenes, and the Cause of Type II Diabetes
Kahn, C. R. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.8.1066 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease (Syndrome X): An Expanded Definition
Reaven, G. M. (1993) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001005 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Cognition and synaptic plasticity in diabetes mellitus
Gispen, W. H., & Biessels, G. J. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01656-8 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Amnesia and the distinction between long- and short-term memory
Baddeley, A., & Warrington, E. K. (1970) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(70)80048-2 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Risk of Dementia among Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-based Cohort Study
Leibson, C. L., Rocca, W. A., Hanson, V. A., Cha, R., Kokmen, E., O'Brien, P. C., & Palumbo, P. J. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009106 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Stroke in a Multiethnic Cohort
Luchsinger, J. A. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.7.635 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Association of diabetes mellitus and dementia, the Rotterdam study
Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., Hofman, A., van Harskamp, F., Grobbee, D. E., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1996) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050588 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Untreated Blood Pressure Level Is Inversely Related to Cognitive Functioning: The Framingham Study
Elias, M. F., Wolf, P. A., D’Agostino, R. B., Cobb, J. L., & White, L. R. (1993) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116868 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Depression and Risk for Onset of Type II Diabetes: A prospective population-based study
Eaton, W. W., Armenian, H. K., Gallo, J. J., Pratt, L., & Ford, D. E. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.10.1097 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
NIDDM and Its Metabolic Control Predict Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Subjects
Kuusisto, J., Mykkänen, L. M., Pyörälà, K., & Laakso, M. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.8.960 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia
Stewart, R., & Liolitsa, D. (1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00027.x · Cited by 562 · cited 5× · see citing works
“There have been a number of excellent reviews describing and analyzing the impact of type 2 diabetes on cognitive functions (Biessels, van der Heide, Kamal, Bleys, & Gispen, 2002; Ryan, 1997; Stewart & Liolitsa, 1999; Strachan, Deary, Ewing, & Frier, 1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCraft, S., Peskind, E., Schwartz, M. W., Schellenberg, G. D., Raskind, M., & Porte, D. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.1.164 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in Alzheimer’s disease
Craft, S., Newcomer, J., Kanne, S., Dagogo-Jack, S., Cryer, P., Sheline, Y., Luby, J., Dagogo-Jack, A., & Alderson, A. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)02002-0 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Strachan, M. W. J., Deary, I. J., Ewing, F. M. E., & Frier, B. M. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.3.438 · Cited by 529 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The results of cognitive studies were identified in columns reflecting the nature of the measures used and are more detailed than what has been previously presented (Stewart & Liolitsa, 1999; Strachan et al., 1997).”
MethodLannert, H., & Hoyer, S. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.112.5.1199 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Is Diabetes Associated With Cognitive Impairment and Cognitive Decline Among Older Women?
Gregg, E. W. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.2.174 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Insulin receptors and insulin action in the brain: review and clinical implications
Schulingkamp, R. J., Pagano, T. C., Hung, D., & Raffa, R. B. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00040-3 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Diamond, J. M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/423599a · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Ageing and diabetes: implications for brain function
Biessels, G. J., van der Heide, L. P., Kamal, A., Bleys, R. L. A. W., & Gispen, W. H. (2002) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01486-3 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry
Brannan, S. K. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550100099053 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
McNay, E. C., Fries, T. M., & Gold, P. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.050583697 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
NIDDM and Blood Pressure as Risk Factors for Poor Cognitive Performance: The Framingham Study
Elias, P. K., Elias, M. F., D'Agostino, R. B., Cupples, L. A., Wilson, P. W., Silbershatz, H., & Wolf, P. A. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.9.1388 · Cited by 368 · cited 3× · see citing works
“In one well-controlled population study, Elias et al. (1997) evaluated the effects of hypertension as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease on the performance of type 2 diabetes participants.”
BackgroundUusitupa, M. I. J., NISKANEN, L. K., Siitonen, O., Voutilainen, E., & Py�r�l�, K. (1993) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401063 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Convit, A., Wolf, O. T., Tarshish, C., & de Leon, M. J. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0336073100 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
The Mini-Mental State Examination in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Galasko, D. R., Klauber, M. R., Hofstetter, C. R., Salmon, D. P., Lasker, B. R., & Thal, L. J. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530010061020 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Glucose improvement of memory: a review
Messier, C. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.043 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationRelationship Between Hyperglycemia and Cognitive Function in Older NIDDM Patients
Reaven, G. M., Thompson, L. W., Nahum, D., & Haskins, E. (1990) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.13.1.16 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Cook, D. G., Leverenz, J. B., McMillan, P. J., Kulstad, J. J., Ericksen, S., Roth, R. A., Schellenberg, G. D., Jin, L., Kovacina, K. S., & Craft, S. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63822-9 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Predictors of Functional Change: A Longitudinal Study of Nondemented People Aged 65 and Older
Wang, L., van Belle, G., Kukull, W. A., & Larson, E. B. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50408.x · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Hippocampal acetylcholine release during memory testing in rats: augmentation by glucose.
Ragozzino, M. E., Unick, K., & Gold, P. E. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.10.4693 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Fontbonne, A., Berr, C., Ducimetière, P., & Alpérovitch, A. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.2.366 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Decreased cognitive function in aging non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients
Perlmuter, L. C., Hakami, M. K., Hodgson-Harrington, C., Ginsberg, J. P., Katz, J., Singer, D. E., & Nathan, D. M. (1984) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(84)90186-4 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Cognitive Ability and Brain Structure in Type 1 Diabetes
Ferguson, S. C., Blane, A., Perros, P., McCrimmon, R. J., Best, J. J. K., Wardlaw, J. M., Deary, I. J., & Frier, B. M. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.1.149 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Lupien, S. J., Nair, N. P. V., Briére, S., Maheu, F., Tu, M. T., Lemay, Μ., McEwen, B. S., & Meaney, M. J. (1999) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.1999.10.2.117 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Assessment, 3rd Edition
Rosen, W. G. (1996) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.8.3.359 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and cognitive function in a general population of elderly men
Kalmijn, S., Feskens, E. J. M., Launer, L. J., Stijnen, T., & Kromhout, D. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00402181 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
European Journal of Pharmacology
Engels, F. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.047 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Soininen, H. S., Partanen, K. P. L., Pitkänen, A., Vainio, P. A., Hänninen, T., Hallikainen, M., Koivisto, K. J., & Riekkinen, P. J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.9.1660 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
CORRELATES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN AN ELDERLY COMMUNITY POPULATION
Scherr, P. A., Albert, M., Funkenstein, H. H., Cook, N. R., Hennekens, C. H., Branch, L. G., White, L. R., Taylor, J. O., & Evans, D. A. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115051 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms and occurrence of type 2 diabetes among Japanese men.
Kawakami, N., Takatsuka, N., Shimizu, H., & Ishibashi, H. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.7.1071 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
(1975) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(75)90204-x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Brain Insulin: Regulation, Mechanisms of Action and Functions
Gerozissis, K. (2003) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1022598900246 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Gradman, T. J., Laws, A., Thompson, L. W., & Reaven, G. M. (1993) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06480.x · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Longitudinal association of vascular and Alzheimer’s dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance
Curb, J. D., Rodríguez, B. L., Abbott, R. D., Petrovitch, H., Ross, G. W., Masaki, K., Foley, D. J., Blanchette, P. L., Harris, T. B., Chen, R., et al. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.5.971 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women
Grodstein, F., Chen, J., Wilson, R. S., & Manson, J. E. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.6.1060 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
The Effect of Improved Glycemic Control on Cognitive Functions in the Elderly Patient With Diabetes
Meneilly, G. S., Cheung, E., Tessier, D., Yakura, C., & Tuokko, H. A. (1993) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/48.4.m117 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Banks, W. A., Jaspan, J. B., & Kastin, A. J. (1997) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00198-8 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The Relation Between Morbidity and Cognitive Performance in a Normal Aging Population
van Boxtel, M. P. J., Buntinx, F., Houx, P. J., Metsemakers, J. F. M., Knottnerus, J. A., & Jolles, J. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/53a.2.m147 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Ragozzino, M. E., Pal, S. N., Unick, K., Stefani, M. R., & Gold, P. E. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-04-01595.1998 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Keefover, R. W. (1998) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70085-2 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Cerebrovascular Disease as Correlates of Cognitive Function in a Stroke-Free Cohort
Desmond, D. W., Tatemichi, T. K., Paik, M. C., & Stern, Y. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540020040015 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
McNay, E. C., McCarty, R. C., & Gold, P. E. (2001) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.2000.3976 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Kaplan, R. J., Greenwood, C. E., Winocur, G., & Wolever, T. M. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.3.825 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Craft, S., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Wiethop, B. V., Murphy, C., Nevins, R. T., Fleischman, S., Rice, V., Newcomer, J. W., & Cryer, P. E. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.107.6.926 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Craft, S., Asthana, S., Schellenberg, G. D., Baker, L. D., Cherrier, M. M., Boyt, A., Martins, R. N., Raskind, M. A., Peskind, E. R., & Plymate, S. R. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06371.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Craft, S., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Wiethop, B. V., Murphy, C., Nevins, R. T., Fleischman, S., Rice, V., Newcomer, J. W., & Cryer, P. E. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.107.6.926 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Cognitive Function in an Elderly Population With Persistent Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Vanhanen, M., Koivisto, K. J., Kuusisto, J., Mykkänen, L. M., Helkala, E., Hänninen, T., Riekkinen, P. J., Soininen, H. S., & Laakso, M. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.3.398 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Immunohistochemical localization and quantification of glucose transporters in the mouse brain
Choeiri, C., Staines, W. A., & Messier, C. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00619-4 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetics do not have increased Alzheimer-type pathology compared with age-matched control subjects
Heitner, J., & Dickson, D. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.49.5.1306 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Circumscribed cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes.
Ryan, C. M., & Geckle, M. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.10.1486 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Mooradian, A. D. (1988) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.148.11.2369 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Glucose Effects on Memory and Other Neuropsychological Tests in Elderly Humans
Manning, C. A., Hall, J. L., & Gold, P. E. (1990) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00223.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Symptomatic Depression in Elderly Medical Outpatients
Soo Borson, B., Barnes, R. A., Kukull, W. A., Okimoto, J. T., Veith, R. C., Inui, T. S., Carter, W., & Raskind, M. A. (1986) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1986.tb04316.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Vascular Risks and Incident Dementia: Results from a Cohort Study of the Very Old
Brayne, C., Gill, C., Huppert, F. A., Barkley, C., Gehlhaar, E., Girling, D. M., O’Connor, D., & Paykel, E. S. (1998) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000017043 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Magistretti, P. J., & Pellerin, L. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34449.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Craft, S., Murphy, C., & Wemstrom, J. (1994) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03327086 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Launer, L. J., Dinkgreve, M. A. H. M., Jonker, C., Hooijer, C., & Lindeboom, J. (1993) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/48.6.p271 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier to Insulin
Banks, W. A., Jaspan, J. B., & Kastin, A. J. (1997) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00238-6 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Changes in Blood Glucose and Insulin Secretion in Patients with Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type
Bucht, G., Adolfsson, R., Lithner, F., & Winblad, B. G. (1983) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1983.tb03756.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hershey, T. G., Bhargava, N., Sadler, M., White, N. H., & Craft, S. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.8.1318 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Cognitive function and information processing in Type 2 diabetes
Cosway, R., Strachan, M. W. J., Dougall, A., Frier, B. M., & Deary, I. J. (2001) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00577.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
McNay, E. C., & Gold, P. E. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.2.b66 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Discrete brain areas express the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4
Leloup, C., Arluison, M., Kassis, N., Lepetit, N., Cartier, N., Ferré, P., & Pénicaud, L. (1996) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00306-d · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Scopolamine amnesia of passive avoidance: A deficit of information acquisition
Rush, D. K. (1988) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(88)90938-7 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat enhance memory performance in the healthy elderly
Kaplan, R. J., Greenwood, C. E., Winocur, G., & Wolever, T. M. S. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.5.687 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Severe Hypoglycemia and Intelligence in Adult Patients With Insulin-Treated Diabetes
Deary, I. J., Crawford, J. R., Hepburn, D. A., Langan, S. J., Blackmore, L., & Frier, B. M. (1993) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.42.2.341 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
González, G., Martín, M., Cacho, Breñas, Arroyo, García‐Berrocal, Navajo, & González‐Buitrago (1999) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00471.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Fujisawa, Y., Sasaki, K., & Akiyama, K. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90158-i · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Anterograde and retrograde enhancement of 24-h memory by glucose in elderly humans
Manning, C. A., Parsons, M. W., & Gold, P. E. (1992) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/0163-1047(92)90351-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Glucose, insulin concentrations and obesity in childhood and adolescence as predictors of NIDDM
McCance, D. R., Pettitt, D. J., Hanson, R. L., Jacobsson, L., Bennett, P. H., & Knowler, W. C. (1994) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00403382 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Messier, C., Durkin, T., Mrabet, O., & Destrade, C. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90100-s · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationDurkin, T., Messier, C., de Boer, P., & Westerink, B. H. C. (1992) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80163-9 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationMinireview: Mechanisms by Which the Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Impair Memory
Meena Kumari, B., Brunner, E. J., & Fuhrer, R. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.5.b228 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Mental Efficiency of the Elderly Person with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
U’Ren, R. C., Riddle, M. C., Lezak, M. D., & Bennington‐Davis, M. (1990) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1990.tb02398.x · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Society for Neuroscience Abstracts
Chambers, D., Wingate, R. J. T., & Mason, I. J. (2000) · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Effect of age and glucoregulation on cognitive performance
Messier, C., Tsiakas, M., Gagnon, M., Desrochers, A., & Awad, N. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(03)00004-6 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of glucose, glucose regulation, and word imagery value on human memory.
Messier, C., Desrochers, A., & Gagnon, M. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.113.3.431 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationNaor, M., Steingrüber, H.-J., Westhoff, K., Schottenfeld-Naor, Y., & Gries, A. F. (1997) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/1056-8727(95)00106-9 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effect of Glucose and Peripheral Glucose Regulation on Memory in the Elderly
Messier, C. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)80311-9 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationDiabetes, Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein genotype
Messier, C. (2003) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(03)00153-0 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationShort-Term and Long-Term Memory in Elderly Patients with NIDDM
Helkala, E., NISKANEN, L. K., Viinamäki, H. T., Partanen, J., & Uusitupa, M. I. J. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.5.681 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment: A Community-based Study of Elderly Subjects
Croxson, S. C. M., & Jagger, C. (1995) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/24.5.421 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Hershey, T. G., Craft, S., Bhargava, N., & White, N. H. (1997) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617797005092 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Glucose enhancement of 24-h memory retrieval in healthy elderly humans
Manning, C. A., Stone, W. S., Korol, D. L., & Gold, P. E. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00136-8 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sinclair, A. J., Allard, I., & Bayer, A. J. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.5.778 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effect of glucose, glucose regulation, and word imagery value on human memory.
Messier, C., Desrochers, A., & Gagnon, M. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.113.3.431 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationVanhanen, M., Koivisto, K., Karjalainen, L., Helkala, E.-L., Laakso, M., Soininen, H., & Riekkinen, P. (1997) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199704140-00041 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kilander, L., Nyman, H., Boberg, M., & Lithell, H. (1997) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00196.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Glucose tolerance predicts performance on tests of memory and cognition
Fothergill, R. T., & Benton, D. (2000) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00359-0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Memory self-assessment and performance in aged diabetics and non-diabetics
Tun, P. A., Perlmuter, L. C., Russo, P. A., & Nathan, D. M. (1987) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610738708259317 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Age and diabetes related changes in verbal fluency
Perlmuter, L. C., Tun, P. A., Sizer, N. R., McGlinchey, R. E., & Nathan, D. M. (1987) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610738708259294 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Hara, H., Egusa, G., & YAMAKIDO, M. (1996) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.133 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Glucose effects on declarative and nondeclarative memory in healthy elderly and young adults
Manning, C. A., Parsons, M. W., Cotter, E. M., & Gold, P. E. (1997) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03331914 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cognitive Function in Younger Type II Diabetes
Dey, J., Misra, A., Desai, N. G., Mahapatra, A. K., & Padma, M. V. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.1.32 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lindeman, R. D., Romero, L. J., LaRue, A. A., Yau, C. L., Schade, D. S., Koehler, K. M., Baumgartner, R., & Garry, P. J. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.9.1567 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Triglyceride levels affect cognitive function in noninsulin-dependent diabetics
Perlmuter, L. C., Nathan, D. M., Goldfinger, S. H., Russo, P. A., Yates, J., & Larkin, M. E. (1988) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/s0891-6632(88)80011-4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Type II Diabetes and Cognitive Function: A population-based study of Native Americans
Lowe, L. P., Tranel, D., Wallace, R. B., & Welty, T. K. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.8.891 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Impact of peripheral glucoregulation on memory.
Awad, N., Gagnon, M., Desrochers, A., Tsiakas, M., & Messier, C. (2002) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.116.4.691 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Association of Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Cognitive Function in an Older Cohort
Scott, R. D., Kritz‐Silverstein, D. C., Barrett-Connor, E. L., & Wiederholt, W. C. (1998) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb04536.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Insulin receptors in the brain: Structural and physiological characterization
Raizada, M. K., Shemer, J., Judkins, J. H., Clarke, D. W., Masters, B. A., & LeRoith, D. (1988) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/bf00972477 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Amyloid beta antagonizes insulin promoted secretion of the amyloid beta protein precursor
Xie, L., Martins, R. N., Racchi, M., Craft, S., & Helmerhorst, E. (2002) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2002-4504 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
GLUT8 glucose transporter is localized to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the rat hippocampus
Reagan, L. P., Rosell, D. R., Alves, S. E., Hoskin, E. K., McCall, A. L., Charron, M. J., & McEwen, B. S. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02308-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and brain atrophy: A computed tomography study in an elderly population
Soininen, H. S., Puranen, M. I., Helkala, E.-L., Laakso, M., & Riekkinen, P. J. (1992) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(92)90095-f · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Type-2 diabetes and cognitive function in a non-demented population
Vanhanen, M., Kuusisto, J., Koivisto, K. J., Mykkänen, L. M., Helkala, E.-L., Hänninen, T., Riekkinen, P. J., Soininen, H. S., & Laakso, M. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1999.tb01045.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Correlates of Cognitive Function Scores in Elderly Outpatients
Mangione, C. M., Seddon, J. M., Cook, E. F., Krug, J. H., Sahagian, C. R., Campion, E. W., & Glynn, R. J. (1993) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb01883.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Messier, C., Pierre, J. M., Desrochers, A., & Gravel, M. (1998) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(98)00041-x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationWoo, J., Ho, S. C., Lau, S., Lau, J. T. F., & Yuen, K. (1994) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000110358 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Gibson, G. E., Blass, J. P., & Jenden, D. J. (1978) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb07036.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Forebrain endothelium expresses GLUT4, the insulin-responsive glucose transporter
McCall, A. L., Bueren, A. M. V., Huang, L., Stenbit, A. E., Celnik, E., & Charron, M. J. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01122-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Amato, L., Paolisso, G., Cacciatore, F., Ferrara, N., Canonico, S., Rengo, F., & Varricchio, M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Psychometric evaluation of performance in diabetes mellitus.
Meuter, F., Thomas, W. T. B., Grüneklee, D., Fa, G., & Lohmann, R. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Severe hypoglycemia and intelligence in adult patients with insulin-treated diabetes
Deary, I. J., Crawford, J. R., Hepburn, D. A., et al. (1993) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.42.2.341 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cognitive and Physical Disabilities and Aging-Related Complications of Diabetes
Gregg, E. W., & Brown, A. F. (2003) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.21.3.113 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of central nervous system complications in diabetes mellitus.
Mooradian, A. D. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effect of type II diabetes mellitus on cognitive function.
Worrall, G. J., Moulton, N., & Briffett, E. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Mortel, K. F., Wood, S. A., Pavol, M. A., Meyer, J. S., & Rexer, J. L. (1993) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/000331979304400802 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Function in Older Subjects with Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Atiea, J., Moses, J. L., & Sinclair, A. J. (1995) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00569.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Weyandt, L. L. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315209227 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wåhlin, Å., Nilsson, E. D., & Fastbom, J. (2002) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.16.2.208 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Neuropsychological Functioning: A Lifespan Perspective.
Ryan, C. (1997) · PubMed · doi:10.1053/scnp00200004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and the rate of cognitive ageing
Bent, N., Rabbitt, P., & Metcalfe, D. A. (2000) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466500163356 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Carbohydrates and Acetylcholine Synthesis: Implications for Cognitive Disorders
Blass, J. P., & Gibson, G. E. (1979) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2934-3_15 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Cognitive Performance of Patients With type-2 Diabetes
Mattlar, C., Falck, B., Rönnemaa, T., & Hyyppä, M. T. (1985) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/165019778517101105 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Glucose tolerance and cognitive impairment in an elderly population
La, H., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., & Läärä, E. (2001) · Public Health · doi:10.1038/sj.ph.1900758 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Insulin attenuates scopolamine-induced memory deficits
Messier, C., & Destrade, C. (1994) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03327075 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Scopolamine on Verbal Memory; a Retrieval or Acquisition Deficit?
Rusted, J. M., & Warburton, D. M. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000118556 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Memory dysfunction and autonomic neuropathy in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetic patients
Zaslavsky, L. M. A., Gross, J. L., Chaves, M. L. F., & Machado, R. F. (1995) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(95)01150-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Glucose tolerance and cognitive impairment in an elderly population
Hiltunen, L. A. (2001) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(01)00443-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Peripheral glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in Alzheimer's disease
Kilander, L., Boberg, M., & Lithell, H. (1993) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb05511.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cognitive problems in the elderly
Forno, G. D., & Kawas, C. H. (1995) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-199508000-00002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dietary Carbohydrate, Glucose Regulation, and Cognitive Performance in Elderly Persons
Greenwood, C. E. (2003) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/nr.2003.may.s68-s74 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hoffman, R. P., & Pt, A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Functional Maps and Brain Networks
Ingvar, M., & Petersson, K. M. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012692545-6/50006-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Diabetes and cognitive function: preliminary studies
Assisi, A., Alimenti, M., Maceli, F., Pietro, S. D., Lalloni, G., & Montera, P. (1996) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(96)86942-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Central nervous system involvement in elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Cerizza, M., Minciotti, G., Meregalli, S., Garosi, V. L., Crosti, P. F., & Frattola, L. (1990) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/bf02580939 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Psychological Science: The First 5 Years
Estes, W. K. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00276.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in the elderly diabetics
Motta, M., Sorace, S., Restuccia, S., Carnazzo, G., Corrao, G., Seminara, G., & Maugeri, D. (1996) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/0167-4943(96)86911-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly
Gambert, S. R., Cooppan, R. M., & Gupta, K. L. (1991) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/00019616-199112000-00013 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Considering psychosocial variables in evaluating assessments of glycemic control.
Perlmuter, L. C. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.11.1918 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Biessels, G. J., Staekenborg, S., Brunner, E., Brayne, C., & Scheltens, P. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(05)70284-2 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works
Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes—systematic overview of prospective observational studies
Cukierman, T., Gerstein, H. C., & Williamson, J. D. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0023-4 · Cited by 1,049 · see citing works
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and type 2 diabetes
Krabbe, K. S., Nielsen, A. R., Krogh‐Madsen, R., Plomgaard, P., Rasmussen, P., Erikstrup, C., Fischer, C. P., Lindegaard, B., Petersen, A. M. W., Taudorf, S., et al. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0537-4 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Cognition and diabetes: a lifespan perspective
Biessels, G. J., Deary, I. J., & Ryan, C. M. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70021-8 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
How does diabetes accelerate Alzheimer disease pathology?
Sims-Robinson, C., Kim, B., Rosko, A., & Feldman, E. L. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.130 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Premorbid (early life) IQ and Later Mortality Risk: Systematic Review
Batty, G. D., Deary, I. J., & Gottfredson, L. S. (2006) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.010 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Impaired Cognition in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Manschot, S., Brands, A. M. A., van der Grond, J., Kessels, R. P. C., Algra, A., Kappelle, L. J., Biessels, G. J., & on behalf of the Utrecht Diabetic Encephalopathy Study Group (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1323 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Leenders, M., Verdijk, L. B., van der Hoeven, L., Adam, J. J., van Kranenburg, J. M. X., Nilwik, R., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.02.006 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
The relationship between obesity and cognitive health and decline
Dye, L., Boyle, N. B., Champ, C., & Lawton, C. (2017) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665117002014 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairment in CKD: Pathophysiology, Management, and Prevention
Drew, D. A., Weiner, D. E., & Sarnak, M. J. (2019) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.017 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
(Pre)diabetes, brain aging, and cognition
Roriz‐Filho, J. S., Roriz, T. M. D. S., Rosset, I., Camozzato, A. L., dos Santos, A. C., Chaves, M. L. F., Moriguti, J. C., & Roriz‐Cruz, M. (2008) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.12.003 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
PGC-1α Expression Decreases in the Alzheimer Disease Brain as a Function of Dementia
Qin, W., Haroutunian, V. H., Katsel, P., Cardozo, C. P., Ho, L., Buxbaum, J. D., & Pasinetti, G. M. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2008.588 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Kloppenborg, R. P., van den Berg, E., Kappelle, L. J., & Biessels, G. J. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.049 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
McClintock, S. M., Husain, M. M., Greer, T. L., & Cullum, C. M. (2010) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0017336 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Li, Y., Duffy, K. B., Ottinger, M. A., Ray, B., Bailey, J. A., Holloway, H. W., Tweedie, D., Perry, T., Mattson, M. P., Kapogiannis, D., et al. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1314 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus
Yang, H., Jin, X., Lam, C. W. K., & Yan, S.-K. (2011) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2011.250 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Baker, L. D., Frank, L. L., Foster‐Schubert, K. E., Green, P. S., Wilkinson, C. W., McTiernan, A., Cholerton, B., Plymate, S. R., Fishel, M. A., Watson, G. S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100768 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Improving Metabolic Control Leads to Better Working Memory in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Ryan, C. M., Freed, M. I., Rood, J. A., Cobitz, A. R., Waterhouse, B. R., & Strachan, M. W. J. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1626 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Winocur, G., Greenwood, C. E., Piroli, G. G., Grillo, C. A., Reznikov, L. R., Reagan, L. P., & McEwen, B. S. (2005) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.119.5.1389 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Biessels, G. J., & Kappelle, L. J. (2005) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0331041 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
A 4 year follow-up study of cognitive functioning in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
on behalf of the Utrecht Diabetic Encephalopathy Study Group, van den Berg, E., Reijmer, Y. D., de Bresser, J., Kessels, R. P. C., Kappelle, L. J., & Biessels, G. J. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1571-9 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Bruehl, H., Wolf, O. T., Sweat, V., Tirsi, A., Richardson, S. B., & Convit, A. J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.032 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
McNay, E. C., & Recknagel, A. K. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.08.005 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
The Effect of Borderline Diabetes on the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Xu, W., Qiu, C., Winblad, B. G., & Fratiglioni, L. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0879 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress Biology and Cell Injury During Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Maiese, K., Morhan, S. D., & Chong, Z. Z. (2007) · Current Neurovascular Research · doi:10.2174/156720207779940653 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline in diabetes mellitus
van Elderen, S. G. C., Roos, A., de Craen, A. J. M., Westendorp, R. G. J., Blauw, G. J., Jukema, J. W., Bollen, E. L. E. M., Middelkoop, H. A. M., van Buchem, M. A., & van der Grond, J. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f25f06 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Impact of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes on cognitive aging
Messier, C. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.014 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychopathology, disordered eating, and impulsivity as predictors of outcomes of bariatric surgery
Sarwer, D. B., Allison, K. C., Wadden, T. A., Ashare, R. L., Spitzer, J. C., McCuen‐Wurst, C., Lagrotte, C. A., Williams, N. N., Edwards, M. A., Tewksbury, C. M., et al. (2019) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2019.01.029 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
The metabolic syndrome is associated with decelerated cognitive decline in the oldest old
van den Berg, E., Biessels, G. J., de Craen, A. J. M., Gussekloo, J., & Westendorp, R. G. J. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000271381.30143.75 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Brain injury with diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and treatment implications
Hamed, S. A. (2017) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1293521 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Mechanistic Insights Into Diabetes Mellitus and Oxidative Stress
Maiese, K., Chong, Z. Z., & Shang, Y. C. (2007) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986707781058968 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Batty, G. D., Der, G., MacIntyre, S., & Deary, I. J. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38723.660637.ae · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Improved memory function 12 weeks after bariatric surgery
Gunstad, J., Strain, G., Devlin, M. J., Wing, R., Cohen, R. A., Paul, R. H., Crosby, R. D., & Mitchell, J. E. (2011) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2010.09.015 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Woo, Y. S., Rosenblat, J. D., Kakar, R., Bahk, W.-M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2016) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.1 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Francis, G. J., Martinez, J. A., Liu, W. Q., Xu, K., Ayer, A. B., Fine, J. M., Tuor, U. I., Glazner, G. W., Hanson, L. R., Frey, W. H., et al. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn288 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
RetractedCognitive Function and Decline in Obesity
Stanek, K. M., & Gunstad, J. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-111073 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Smith, M., Riby, L. M., van Eekelen, J. A. M., & Foster, J. K. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.09.008 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Cognitive Function After Bariatric Surgery: Evidence for Improvement 3 Years After Surgery
Alosco, M. L., Galioto, R., Spitznagel, M. B., Strain, G., Devlin, M., Cohen, R., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., & Gunstad, J. (2014) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.05.018 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The impact of diabetes on cognition: What can be learned from rodent models?
Biessels, G. J., & Gispen, W. H. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.08.015 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Wnt signaling pathway: Aging gracefully as a protectionist?
Maiese, K., Li, F., Chong, Z. Z., & Shang, Y. (2008) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.01.004 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Preliminary evidence for brain complications in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Yau, P. L., Javier, D., Ryan, C. M., Tsui, W. H., Ardekani, B. A., Ten, S., & Convit, A. J. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1857-y · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Messier, C., & Teutenberg, K. (2005) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/np.2005.311 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationCognition in the Early Stage of Type 2 Diabetes
Ruis, C., Biessels, G. J., Gorter, K. J., van den Donk, M., Kappelle, L. J., & Rutten, G. E. H. M. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-2143 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions
Miquel, S., Champ, C., Day, J. E. L., Aarts, E., Bahr, B. A., Bakker, M. J., Bánáti, D., Calabrese, V., Cederholm, T., Cryan, J. F., et al. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.004 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Effect of Intranasal Insulin on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review
Shemesh, E., Rudich, A., Harman-Boehm, I., & Cukierman-Yaffe, T. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1802 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
IQ in Early Adulthood and Mortality By Middle Age
Batty, G. D., Modig, K., Smith, G. D., Gunnell, D., Deary, I. J., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2008) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31818ba076 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Diet-induced obesity and spatial cognition in young male rats
Jurdak, N. A., Lichtenstein, A. H., & Kanarek, R. B. (2008) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1179/147683008x301333 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
GluT4: A central player in hippocampal memory and brain insulin resistance
McNay, E. C., & Pearson-Leary, J. (2019) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113076 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Lamport, D. J., Lawton, C. L., Mansfield, M. W., & Dye, L. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.10.008 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Shalimova, A., Graff, B., Gąsecki, D., Wolf, J., Sabisz, A., Szurowska, E., Jodzio, K., & Narkiewicz, K. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-01315 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
<i>Panax ginseng</i> in Randomised Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review
Shergis, J. L., Zhang, A. L., Zhou, W., & Xue, C. C. (2013) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.4832 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Acharya, N. K., Levin, E. C., Clifford, P. M., Han, M. C., Tourtellotte, R., Chamberlain, D., Pollaro, M., Coretti, N. J., Kosciuk, M. C., Nagele, E. P., et al. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-122254 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A blunted cortisol awakening response and hippocampal atrophy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bruehl, H., Wolf, O. T., & Convit, A. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.12.010 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Hazzouri, A. Z. A., Haan, M. N., Kalbfleisch, J. D., Galea, S., Lisabeth, L. D., & Aiello, A. E. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq483 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Tan, Z. S., Beiser, A., Fox, C. S., Au, R., Himali, J. J., Debette, S., DeCarli, C. S., Vasan, R. S., Wolf, P. A., & Seshadri, S. S. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0308 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cheke, L. G., Bonnici, H. M., Clayton, N. S., & Simons, J. S. (2017) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.013 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Neurovascular Coupling in Cognitive Impairment Associated With Diabetes Mellitus
Mogi, M., & Horiuchi, M. (2011) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-11-0121 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Walker, J., & Harrison, F. E. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7095341 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Batty, G. D., Deary, I. J., & Zaninotto, P. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv139 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
van den Berg, E., de Craen, A. J. M., Biessels, G. J., Gussekloo, J., & Westendorp, R. G. J. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0333-1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The neurocognitive profile of mood disorders – a review of the evidence and methodological issues
Porter, R., Robinson, L. J., Malhi, G. S., & Gallagher, P. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12342 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Improved memory function two years after bariatric surgery
Alosco, M. L., Spitznagel, M. B., Strain, G. W., Devlin, M. J., Cohen, R. A., Paul, R. H., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., & Gunstad, J. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20494 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Exploring effects of type 2 diabetes on cognitive functioning in older adults.
Yeung, S. E., Fischer, A. L., & Dixon, R. A. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0013849 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Erythropoietin and Oxidative Stress
Maiese, K., Chong, Z. Z., Hou, J., & Shang, Y. (2008) · Current Neurovascular Research · doi:10.2174/156720208784310231 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Metabolic tinkering by the gut microbiome
Selkrig, J., Wong, P., Zhang, X., & Pettersson, S. (2014) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.28681 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Surface Glucose Transporter-3
Ferreira, J. M., Burnett, A. L. “., & Rameau, G. A. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1850-09.2011 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Functioning in Nondemented Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Monette, M., Baird, A. D., & Jackson, D. L. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.01.014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Shi, L., Zhang, Z., Li, L., & Hölscher, C. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.032 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Erythropoietin: Elucidating new cellular targets that broaden therapeutic strategies
Maiese, K., Chong, Z. Z., Li, F., & Shang, Y. (2008) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.02.002 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Sucrose-induced obesity impairs novel object recognition learning in young rats
Jurdak, N. A., & Kanarek, R. B. (2008) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.023 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Brands, A. M. A., van den Berg, E., Manschot, S., Biessels, G. J., Kappelle, L. J., de Haan, E. H. F., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707070312 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and Alzheimer’s disease
Carlsson, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100012 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Heart Failure and Cognitive Function in the General Population: The Hoorn Study
van den Hurk, K., Reijmer, Y. D., van den Berg, E., Alssema, M., Nijpels, G., Kostense, P. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Paulus, W. J., Otto Kamp, B., Dekker, J. M., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfr138 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Gray matter prefrontal changes in type 2 diabetes detected using MRI
Kumar, A., Haroon, E., Darwin, C. H., Pham, D. L., Ajilore, O., Rodriguez, G., & Mintz, J. (2007) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.21224 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Brands, A. M. A., Biessels, G. J., Kappelle, L. J., de Haan, E. H. F., de Valk, H. W., Algra, A., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2007) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000100980 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
van den Berg, E., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., Kessels, R. P. C., Kappelle, L. J., de Haan, E. H. F., Heine, R. J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Biessels, G. J. (2008) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000160959 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Diabetes as a chronic metabolic stressor: Causes, consequences and clinical complications
Reagan, L. P. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.02.004 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Alcoholism and Diabetes Mellitus
Kim, S., & Kim, D. (2012) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2012.36.2.108 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Benwell, C., Davila-Pérez, P., Fried, P. J., Jones, R. N., Travison, T. G., Santarnecchi, E., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Shafi, M. M. (2019) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.004 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Scazufca, M., Menezes, P. R., Araya, R., Rienzo, V. D. D., Almeida, O. P., Gunnell, D., & Lawlor, D. A. (2008) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyn125 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Mielke, J. G., Nicolitch, K., Avellaneda, V., Earlam, K., Ahuja, T. K., Mealing, G. A. R., & Messier, C. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.09.010 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationPapanikolaou, Y., Palmer, H., Binns, M. A., Jenkins, D. J. A., & Greenwood, C. E. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0183-x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes and major depression
Watari, K. F., Letamendi, A. M., Elderkin‐Thompson, V., Haroon, E., Miller, J. J., Darwin, C. H., & KUMAR, A. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.06.014 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Obese Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Have Hippocampal and Frontal Lobe Volume Reductions
Bruehl, H., Sweat, V., Tirsi, A., Shah, B. C., & Convit, A. J. (2011) · Neuroscience & Medicine · doi:10.4236/nm.2011.21005 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Executive Function in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Vincent, C. M., & Hall, P. A. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000103 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Chong, Z. Z., Hou, J., Shang, Y. C., Wang, S., & Maiese, K. (2011) · Current Neurovascular Research · doi:10.2174/156720211795495402 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Dore, G. A., Elias, M. F., Robbins, M. A., Elias, P. K., & Nagy, Z. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1497-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Palmer, B. W., & Savla, G. N. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707071299 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Lawlor, D. A., Batty, G. D., Clark, H. R., McIntyre, S., & Leon, D. A. (2008) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-008-9281-z · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus in the young and the old: Effects on cognitive functioning across the life span
van Duinkerken, E., & Ryan, C. M. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104608 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review
Handley, J. D., Williams, D. M., Caplin, S., Stephens, J. W., & Barry, J. D. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2312-z · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Li, W., Wang, T., & Xiao, S. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s111298 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Luteolin attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive decline in rats
Liu, Y., Tian, X., Gou, L., Sun, L., Xin, L., & Yin, X. (2013) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.02.001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction and diabetes: Implications for primary care
Biessels, G. J., Kerssen, A., de Haan, E. H. F., & Kappelle, L. J. (2007) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2007.10.002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“SLY AS A FOXO”: New Paths with Forkhead Signaling in the Brain
Maiese, K., Chong, Z. Z., & Shang, Y. (2007) · Current Neurovascular Research · doi:10.2174/156720207782446306 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Liu, P., Wang, Z.-H., Kang, S. S., Liu, X., Xia, Y., Chan, C.-B., & Ye, K. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01600-z · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Primožič, S., Tavčar, R., Stefanija, M. A., Dernovšek, M. Z., & Oblak, M. R. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.09.004 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Maiese, K. (2008) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2008.01.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Chronic rhein treatment improves recognition memory in high-fat diet-induced obese male mice
Wang, S., Huang, X., Zhang, P., Wang, H., Zhang, Q., Yu, S., & Yu, Y. (2016) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Passaro, A., Nora, E. D., Morieri, M. L., Soavi, C., Sanz, J. M., Zurlo, A., Fellin, R., & Zuliani, G. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu028 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
- Authors
- Awad, N., Gagnon, M., & Messier, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Institute of Mental Health Research (CA)
- ORCID
- Messier, Claude
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1044-1080
- ISSN
- 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
- 1380-3395
- 1744-411X
- OpenAlex
- W2025771431
- Cited by
- 551
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 11.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, cognitive function, glycemic control, verbal memory, processing speed, depression, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Glucose Intolerance, Diabetes Complications
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review