Cited by 551Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchDiabetes Treatment and ManagementCancer-related cognitive impairment studies

The relationship between impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive function

Awad, Nesrine, Gagnon, Michèle, Messier, Claude·2004·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

Abstract

The present review integrates findings of published studies that have evaluated the cognitive function of treated and untreated type 2 diabetic patients and provides a detailed overview of the neuropsychological assessments conducted. Cognitive deficits are observed in older people with glucose intolerance or untreated diabetes but these deficits appear to be attenuated by treatments that improve glycemic control. Cognitive decrements in treated type 2 diabetic patients are most consistently observed on measures of verbal memory (35% of the measures) and processing speed (45% of the measures) while preserved function is observed on measures of visuospatial, attention, semantic and language function. Some studies suggest that deficits in cognitive functions are associated with poorer glycemic control. A number of other factors, such as depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, increase these deficits. We conclude that, in diabetic patients who achieve and maintain good glycemic control, type 2 diabetes only has a small impact on cognitive functions before the age of 70 years. However, early onset of type 2 diabetes, poor glycemic control and the presence of micro- and macrovascular disease may interact to produce early cognitive deficits. In older adults (70 years and over), diabetes likely interacts with other dementing processes such as vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease to hasten cognitive decline.

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Crossref · 10.1080/13803390490514875

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176 of 176 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The association between weight regain and reduced attention likely involves the return of comorbid medical conditions or independent effects of adiposity.

    “The mechanisms for this association likely involve the return of comorbid medical conditions that adversely impact cognitive function (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea) or even from the independent effects of adiposity.28–31”
  • Only one of the review articles that summarised the available data on the relationship between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction provided a quantitative estimate.

    “Indeed, only one [7] of the review articles that summarised the available data pertaining to this relationship [4, 6 -11] provided a quantitative estimate.”

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Authors
Awad, N., Gagnon, M., & Messier, C.
Affiliations
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
  • Institute of Mental Health Research (CA)
Venue
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Published
2004-11
Volume
26
Issue
8
Pages
1044-1080
ISSN
  • 0165-0475 (ISSN-L)
  • 1380-3395
  • 1744-411X
OpenAlex
W2025771431
Cited by
551
References
174
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 31
FWCI
11.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, cognitive function, glycemic control, verbal memory, processing speed, depression, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, microangiopathy, macroangiopathy, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, cognitive decline, older adults
MeSH terms
Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Glucose Intolerance, Diabetes Complications

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