The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat
Abstract
That an experimenter can very easily influence his subjects to give him the response he wants is a problem that every investigator recognizes and takes precautions to avoid. But how does one cope with the problem of unconscious influence? It is possible that a good many contradictory or unexpected findings are due to the fact that the experimenter unknowingly communicated his desires or expectations to his subjects. Though this problem has been generally recognized and much discussed, there has heretofore been no systematic test of the hypothesis that an experimenter can obtain from his subjects the data he expects or wants to obtain. This paper reports just such a test, and discusses what can be done to avoid experimenter influence, both conscious and unconscious.
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There is limited empirical evidence in animal research on the impact of blinding.
“Although there is primary evidence of the impact of blinding in the clinical literature that directly compares blinded versus unblinded assessment of outcomes [82], there is limited empirical evidence in animal research [83,84].”
From Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 (2020) · cites this paper as [83]
Blinding during outcome assessment is especially important, particularly if there is a subjective element.
“Blinding is especially important during outcome assessment, particularly if there is a subjective element (e.g., when assessing behavioural changes or reading histological slides) [83].”
From Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 (2020) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Rosenthal, R., & Fode, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Behavioral Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-01-17
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-189
- ISSN
- 1092-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 0005-7940
- 1099-1743
- OpenAlex
- W2010723570
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 14.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Systems Research and Behavioral Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychology of Social Influence
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Keywords
- researcher bias, albino rats, animal behavior, unconscious influence
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