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The effect of mesenchymal stem cells and imatinib on macrophage polarization in rat model of liver fibrosis
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a disorder in which inflammatory reactions play an important role, and central to the progression and pathogenesis of this disease are the immune-specific cells known as macrophages. Macrophage types are distinguished from each other by the expression of a series of surface markers. STAT6 and Arg1 play an important role in the polarization of macrophages, so these two factors are downstream of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines and cause to differentiate M2. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the independent effects of imatinib and mesenchymal cell treatment on the polarization of macrophages in rat models of liver fibrosis. The liver fibrosis was induced by the injection of CCL4 for 6 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, rats were divided into four different groups, and the effects of imatinib and mesenchymal cells on the expression of Arg1, Ly6c, and STAT6 were evaluated. Histopathology experiments considered the amelioration effect of treatments. Our results showed that Arg1 expression was significantly increased in the groups treated with mesenchymal cells and imatinib compared to the control group. On the other hand, expression of STAT6 was significantly increased in the imatinib-treated mice compared to mesenchymal and control groups. Moreover, the expression of LY6C significantly decreased in imatinib and mesenchymal treated groups compared to the control group. Therefore, our data showed that mesenchymal stem cells and imatinib significantly modulate the fibrotic process in rat models of fibrosis, probably by polarizing macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory profile and increasing the frequency of these cells in liver tissue.
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STAT6 is a key driver of restorative polarization.
“STAT6 represents another key driver of restorative polarization (49, 63, 64).”
From Strategies to promote liver fibrosis amelioration with involvement of restorative macrophages (2026) · cites this paper as [64]
IL-4 induces restorative polarization via IL-4 receptor α and subsequent STAT6 activation.
“Interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces this phenotype via IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) and subsequent STAT6 activation.”
From Strategies to promote liver fibrosis amelioration with involvement of restorative macrophages (2026) · cites this paper as [64]
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STAT6/Arg1 promotes microglia/macrophage efferocytosis and inflammation resolution in stroke mice
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“It was shown that STAT6 expression could regulate inflammation by macrophages (Cai et al., 2019).”
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Strategies to promote liver fibrosis amelioration with involvement of restorative macrophages
Aquino, J. B. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1792423 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Malmir, A., Farivar, S., Rezaei, R., Tokhanbigli, S., Hatami, B., Mazhari, S., & Baghaei, K.
- Affiliations
- Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (IR)
- Venue
- Cell Biology International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-10-02
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-143
- ISSN
- 1065-6995 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-8355
- OpenAlex
- W4299806188
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cell Biology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- liver fibrosis, mesenchymal stem cells, imatinib, macrophage polarization, M2 macrophages, STAT6, Arg1, Ly6C, IL-4, IL-13, CCl4-induced fibrosis, anti-inflammatory macrophages
- MeSH terms
- Imatinib Mesylate, Animals, Liver Cirrhosis, Macrophages, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, Rats, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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